Maya Stagge

Nurse migration: a challenge for the profession and health-care systems

Introduction and questions of explorationIn a first step this paper outlines the global context of and international influences on nurse migration. Liberalization of health markets is identified as a trigger point steering movements of nurses globally. Facts and figures concerning nurse migration are highlighted in a second section focusing on developments in the USA and UK, which are recruiting nurses from Europe and overseas on a large scale, and adding the latest European approaches and policies concerning this issue. Projections are presented that highlight growing demands for the next 2 decades. The third part explores the impact of nurse migration on nursing care and professional standards.MethodsThe article is based on an extensive literature review and the analysis of quality issues in the nursing field.ResultsThe number of nurse migrations in the last decades show that the issue of nurse migration is already of high importance for many countries. This will be enhanced by future accelerated development of nursing shortages in many countries. Boosted global recruitment of nurses will be the consequence.The paper concludes that the recruitment of international nurses has not yet taken quality issues and indicators in health-care settings profoundly into consideration. Economical gains by not training nurses and recruiting them from abroad might have a severe impact on already existing problems concerning patient safety issues and nurse-sensitive outcomes in health-care settings.

Altenpflege in Deutschland

Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es, die fur die vorliegende Arbeit relevanten Handlungsbereiche des Forschungsgegenstandes auf der Mesoebene vorzustellen. Das Kapitel gibt einen Uberblick uber die spezifischen Strukturen in der Altenpflege in Deutschland, in denen die befragten Akteure tatig sind und ermoglicht damit eine adaquate Einordnung der Forschungsergebnisse der qualitativen Studie in den spezifischen Handlungsbereich der Altenpflege in Deutschland.

Forschungsstand „multikulturelle Teams in der Pflege“

In diesem Kapitel wird der Forschungsstand uber multikulturelle Teams in der Pflege dargestellt. Das Kapitel zielt auf die Exploration der Mikroebene und wird dazu dienen, zentrale Dimensionen des Untersuchungsgegenstandes herauszufiltern, um relevante Forschungsfragen formulieren zu konnen.

Definitionen und theoretische Konzepte

In diesem Kapitel werden die zentralen Begrifflichkeiten, die fur die vorliegende Arbeit als relevant erachtet werden, definiert, der Forschungsgegenstand benannt und in einen theoretischen Kontext eingeordnet. Zur Benennung des Forschungsgegenstandes wird die Klarung der Begrifflichkeiten „Team“, „Kultur“ und darauf aufbauend „multikulturell“ herangezogen. Der letzte Teil dieses Kapitels erlautert, aufbauend auf dem Forschungsgegenstand der multikulturellen Teams, Theorien und Konzepte, welche die Dynamiken und Mechanismen in diesen Gruppen erklaren konnen.

Entwicklung der Forschungsfragen

Die vorangegangenen Kapitel dienten dazu, einen Uberblick uber angrenzende, relevante Thematiken zu erhalten, welche den Forschungsgegenstand tangieren und dazu, den Forschungsstand diesbezuglich darzulegen. Aufbauend auf diesen Ausfuhrungen werden in diesem Kapitel die Forschungsfragen, welcher der vorliegenden explorativen Untersuchung zu Grunde liegen, entwickelt. Einen zusammenfassenden Uberblick uber die Entwicklung der Forschungsfragen gibt auch Anhang 5: Tabelle Uberblick Entstehung und Verwertung der Forschungsfragen.

Gütekriterien qualitativer Forschung

Die Qualitat qualitativer Forschung ist in der empirischen Sozialforschung ein vieldiskutiertes Thema (z.B. Kelle 2008). Im Gegensatz zur quantitativen Forschung gibt es in der qualitativen Forschung keinen Regelkatalog, welcher erlaubt, anhand bestimmter Kriterien festzustellen, ob eine Forschung qualitativ hochwertig ist (Flick 2009). Die zentrale Vorrausetzung fur gute Forschung ist die Angemessenheit der Methoden an den Forschungsgegenstand (Helfferich 2009).

Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in der professionellen Pflege

Die globale demographische Entwicklung lasst weltweit den Anteil der Bevolkerung wachsen, der pflegerische Unterstutzung benotigt. Diese kann nicht mehr ausschlieslich durch familiale Netzwerke geleistet werden. Es wird daher ein erheblicher Mehrbedarf an professionellen Pflegeleistungen erwartet.

Indikatoren für ein Integrationsmonitoring der kommunalen Altenhilfe

BACKGROUND In the context of demographic ageing, municipalities are tasked with ensuring cross-sectoral care services for the elderly close to residential environments so that elderly people can remain in their own domestic environment as long as possible. A particular challenge is the inclusion of the migrant population, which is often still inadequate. OBJECTIVES Indicators for the municipal monitoring of integration have been developed on the basis of surveys of experts . The interviews dealt with (a) the knowledge of available data and the data necessary for monitoring the integration of elderly with a migrant background and (b) the use of integration monitoring as an instrument in the planning of elderly care and, if available, the indicators used. MATERIAL AND METHODS Guideline-based interviews with 76 members from community elder care and integration work in 16 German municipalities were conducted, transcribed and analysed. The results were discussed in two focus groups, each with nine experts. RESULTS (a) Data deficits prevent the migrant-sensitive orientation of planning and control in elder care; (b) only the beginnings of community integration monitoring in elderly care are established in a few communities; (c) 18 indicators for integration monitoring of migrant sensitive elder care have been developed. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in the integration of migrants into community care structures can be addressed by integration monitoring of elder care. The selection and use of some or all of the indicators developed requires that consent be sought in municipalities with the inclusion especially of migrant organisations.

Indikatoren für ein Integrationsmonitoring der kommunalen Altenhilfe@@@Indicators for monitoring the integration of elderly migrants in the municipal infrastructure for elder-care

BACKGROUND In the context of demographic ageing, municipalities are tasked with ensuring cross-sectoral care services for the elderly close to residential environments so that elderly people can remain in their own domestic environment as long as possible. A particular challenge is the inclusion of the migrant population, which is often still inadequate. OBJECTIVES Indicators for the municipal monitoring of integration have been developed on the basis of surveys of experts . The interviews dealt with (a) the knowledge of available data and the data necessary for monitoring the integration of elderly with a migrant background and (b) the use of integration monitoring as an instrument in the planning of elderly care and, if available, the indicators used. MATERIAL AND METHODS Guideline-based interviews with 76 members from community elder care and integration work in 16 German municipalities were conducted, transcribed and analysed. The results were discussed in two focus groups, each with nine experts. RESULTS (a) Data deficits prevent the migrant-sensitive orientation of planning and control in elder care; (b) only the beginnings of community integration monitoring in elderly care are established in a few communities; (c) 18 indicators for integration monitoring of migrant sensitive elder care have been developed. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in the integration of migrants into community care structures can be addressed by integration monitoring of elder care. The selection and use of some or all of the indicators developed requires that consent be sought in municipalities with the inclusion especially of migrant organisations.