Mayara Gonçalves Fonseca

Comparação entre as medidas morfométricas de equinos Mangalarga Marchador de marcha batida e marcha picada

The present study aimed to compare the morphometric measurements of Mangalarga Marchador horses of batida and picada marcha. Twenty-two linear and eight angular measurements of 222 males (130 of batida marcha and 92 of picada marcha) and 266 females (168 of batida marcha and 98 picada marcha) were compared in a completely randomized design, consisting of two treatments: horses of batida and picada marcha. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Fisher test (P<0.05). It was concluded that most of the measures of Mangalarga Marchador horses of batida and picada marcha have similar values, however, there are differences between some angles of members.

EVOLUÇÃO DAS MEDIDAS MORFOMÉTRICAS DA RAÇA MANGALARGA MARCHADOR

The Mangalarga Marchador breed accounts for the largest horse herd in Brazil and has been experiencing national and international expansion. Nevertheless, there is little scientific production on the evolution of this breed and there are no studies on the morphometric transformations that took place during its formation. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the evolution in morphometric measures of the Mangalarga Marchador breed between 1970 and 2010. The research used information archived at the Brazilian Association of Mangalarga Marchador Breeders from 23,148 males and 92,980 females in a completely randomized experimental design. The six treatments consisted of the animals measured between 1970 and 1979, 1980 and 1989, 1990 and 1994, 1995 and 1999, 2000 and 2004, and 2005 and 2010, respectively. The measures assessed were: height at withers and croup, length of the head, neck, back, croup, shoulder, and body, width of the head and croup, thoracic circumference, and cannon circumference Over the period analyzed, males and females experienced a reduction in thoracic circumference, in the lengths of the head, back, croup, and shoulder, and in the widths of the head and croup. In the males, neck length and cannon circumference also decreased, while body length increased in females. Over time, breed selection led to smaller head, higher stature, and shorter trunk length. However, important measures for the breed’s functionality, such as shoulder length and thoracic circumference, decreased.

Venous hemogasometry and blood electrolytes in Mangalarga Marchador mares submitted to aerobic training

The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) breed, valued for its marcha pace, has been excelling in functional activities such as marcha course. Considering the lack of information about sports physiology of the marcha horses, the development of training protocols and physical testing becomes essential and, in this context, the concentrations of blood gases and electrolytes provide additional information for the monitoring of metabolic changes induced by exercise. The goal of the study was to assess the hemogasometric responses and blood electrolyte concentration in MM mares during maximal effort treadmill tests carried out before and after training (trial 1) and between a maximal effort treadmill test and an incremental field test (trial 2). The trials assessed plasma lactate concentration, blood pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide blood pressures, and blood concentrations of the ions bicarbonate, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++). The study followed a randomized block in a split-plot design. In the first trial, the distances walked by the equines in the tests before and after training caused decrease (p<0.05) in pH and Ca++ concentration and increase in the concentrations of K+ and Na+. In the second trial, the influence of the type of test and the ambient temperature caused decrease (p<0.05) in pH and increase in the concentrations of K+ and Ca++. After training, MM mares had greater changes in pH and electrolyte concentrations.

Digestibility and nutrient intake in Mangalarga Marchador mares supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae during aerobic training

O trabalho avaliou o efeito da suplementacao com leveduras sobre a digestibilidade e consumo dos nutrientes de equinos Mangalarga Marchador submetidas a treinamento. Quatorze eguas Mangalarga Marchador foram distribuidos em dois grupos: Probiotico (equinos suplementados com 20 g de Saccharomyces cerevisiae diariamente) e Controle. A dieta foi composta por volumoso e concentrado comercial, na proporcao de 50:50. As eguas foram treinadas durante seis semanas, de segunda a sabado, sendo o exercicio realizado diariamente alternando o trabalho em esteira ergometrica e caminhador automatico. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi avaliada utilizando o indicador LIPE® (6 dias) e a coleta de fezes foi realizada durante cinco dias. Foi analisado MS, FDN, FDA, PB, EB, hemicelulose e consumo de materia seca. Nao houve diferenca (P>0,05) em nenhuma das variaveis analisadas. A suplementacao com 20 g de Saccharomyces cerevisiae nao interfere na digestibilidade e consumo dos nutrientes em eguas Mangalarga Marchador submetidas a seis semanas de treinamento aerobico.

Medidas morfométricas do rebanho atual de fêmeas Mangalarga Marchador e das campeãs da raça

The study aimed to compare the morphometric measures of the current herd Mangalarga Marchador (MM) female with champions breed, using as parameters the breed standard and the Eclectic System of Proportions for saddle horse. The experimental design was randomized, and the treatments were the current herd MM female, represented by all mares registered between 2000 and 2012 that had your measurements stored in the database service studbook of breed, totaling 51993 animals, and the champions breed, represented by 266 mares champions. Were evaluated measures of height at withers and at rump, length of the head, neck, dorse, rump, shoulder and body, width of head and of rump, thoracic perimeter and cannon perimeter. The mean linear measurements were related to the length of the head, according to Eclectic System of Proportions. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Fishers test (p<0.05). Regarding the current herd of females MM, the champions breed showed greater length of the head, body, neck, dorse and rump, height at withers and at rump, width of rump and thoracic and cannon perimeter. It was concluded that although larger, the champions Mangalarga Marchador mares are proportionally similar to the current herd.

Nutritional composition of white oat ( Avena sativa L. ) with different levels of dry matter for use in the diet of horses

White oat (Avena sativa L.) is used for the production of forage and, since it has low fibre content and high mineral and protein content, it is indicated for the most demanding equine categories. Its storage during the dry season is possible, but the literature is not clear on the dry matter (DM) level to be kept. The goal of this study was to assess the nutritional make-up of oat with different DM concentrations aiming at finding out the best level for its conservation and use in equine diets. In a 0.72 hectare plot, oat was planted and harvested at day 50 of vegetation. In the field, the material was subjected to wilting so increasing DM levels (25, 30, 45, 65 and 90%) could be obtained by drying in a microwave oven. Samples were manually collected from different spots of the plot and then added with biologic inoculant Silobac® (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus). They were wrapped with five layers of white plastic film, except those with 90% DM, which underwent haymaking, and each sample weighed 700 g. The material produced was stored for 60 days and were then analyzed for DM, ash, Ca, P, CP, pH, N-NH3, NDF, ADF, CEL, lignin, and HCEL. The trial design was fully randomized with five treatments (25, 30, 45, 65 and 90% DM) and four repetitions and the averages were compared through Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). The ash concentration was lower in hay, while P, CP, N-NH3, and lignin levels did not vary among treatments. With the increase of DM, Ca, ADF, and CEL content decreased, while pH, NDF, and HCEL increased. For being used in equine diets, oat must be stored with 65-90% DM.