Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de Rezende

Heart rate of Mangalarga Marchador mares under marcha test and supplemented with chrome

The objective of this experiment was to characterize the heart rate (HR) of twelve Mangalarga Marchador mares, before, during, and immediately after 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes of marcha tests, evaluating the effect of chrome on cardiac performance. The mares were assigned into three groups distinguished by supplementation of 0, 5 and 10 mg of Cr, respectively. The experiment was conducted in two phases, 24 and 6 days, respectively. The first phase included diet, Cr and exercise adaptation and the second, three 50-minute marcha tests, every other day. Before the tests, a Heart Rate Monitor was adapted to check the HR. The assay was randomly conducted in split-splot arrangement, with four replications. Mean comparisons were performed through minimal significative difference (MSD) test and the time evaluation was performed through regression adjustment model. The results showed positive effect of Cr on heart rate performance and animal return. Chrome did not influence the heart rate during the marcha tests and the HR values characterized the marcha tests as sub maximal intensity exercise.

Efeito do nível de óleo de milho adicionado à dieta de eqüinos sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes

A digestibility trial was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replicates to compare the effects of different levels of dietary corn oil (0, 250, 500, 750ml) on nutrient apparent digestibility in horses. Twenty eight animals with age between six and 10 years and weight between 400kg and 500kg were used. The diet composition was based on coast cross hay (Cynodon dactylon) and commercial concentrate. The feed dry matter was based on 2% of body weight and 1:1 forage concentrate ratio. The treatment means were compared by Students test, at 5% level. Increasing corn oil level in the diet did not affect dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber apparent digestibility, however increased the ether extract and crude energy apparent digestibility. The results showed that 750ml of corn oil can be added to the daily concentrate of equine (8.3% in the total diet) until 23 days to increase the energetic level of the diet without a corresponding increase in the dry matter.

Validação do Lipe® como método para determinar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em eqüinos

The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of enriched and purified lignin, Lipe®, as external indicator in order to estimate the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in equine diets, compared with the total feces collection and the chromic oxide methods. Six female Mangalarga Marchador with average of two years of age and average weight of 331 kg were used. The diet was alfalfa hay, commercial grain and mineral salt. The experimental period was of 29 days, the first 24 used for the adaptation of animals to the diet and facilities and the last five days for feed estimation and total feces collection. A random blocks design was used in which each animal constituted one block and each digestibility determination method, one treatment. The digestibility of nutrients using chromic oxide were smaller than those from the total collection and Lipe®, and those estimated by the Lipe® were similar to those from the total collection. Chromic oxide revealed to be inadequate and Lipe® was considered efficient to estimate the apparent digestibility in equine.

Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente pelos métodos de indicadores e coleta total de fezes em cães

Foram avaliados comparativamente os metodos de coleta total de fezes (CT) e de indicadores, oxido cromico (Cr2O3), fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e cinzas insoluveis em acido (CIA), para determinacao dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da materia seca, proteina bruta, extrativos nao nitrogenados e energia bruta de um alimento comercial para caes. Cinco caes adultos, machos, sem raca definida e com media de peso de 13,84kg receberam diariamente 2g de Cr2O3, divididos em duas porcoes de 1g, administradas por meio de capsulas de gelatina por um periodo de 14 dias. Os sete primeiros dias foram de adaptacao e os sete dias subsequentes de coleta de fezes. Os metodos de CT, de Cr2O3 e de CIA nao apresentaram diferencas entre si (P>0,001) e podem ser utilizados para determinacao dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente na especie canina. O indicador FDA apresentou menor indice de recuperacao do que os indicadores CIA e Cr2O3 e seus resultados nao apresentaram equivalencia com os obtidos por outros metodos testados. As medias (+ desvio padrao) dos indices de recuperacao foram 55,1% (+3,7), 93,9% (+ 17,7) e 93,7% (+ 13,3) para FDA, CIA e Cr2O3, respectivamente.

Effect of two different nutritional programs on orthopedic alterations in mangalarga marchador foals

Summary This study was carried out to verify the effects of two nutritional programs (TA: supplementation with concentrate plus mineral mix between two and 12 months of age, and TB: supplementation with concentrate plus mineral mix from weaning at 165 days of age to 12 months on growth parameters in 22 Mangalarga Marchador foals. Data recorded were: cortical index (CI), time of epiphyseal cartilage closure of distal metacarpus and proximal phalange, epiphysitis and flexural deformity occurrences and weight/height ratio (W/H). Body measurements were taken monthly and radiographs every two months. Animals were born from September 1993 to February 1994 and were allocated to treatments according to the following criteria: each two subsequent foals of the same sex, from the same stallion were randomly assigned to opposite treatments. Data from the randomized block design were submitted to analysis of variance and their means compared by F test. TA foals showed less epiphysitis until 272 days of age and better CI from 228 days on. W/H up to 2:1 did not influence epiphysitis occurrence. Feed restriction (TB) delayed epiphyseal cartilage closure of distal metacarpus and proximal phalanx. No flexural limb deformity was observed in foals on either treatment.

Feed efficiency in Mangalarga Marchador foals fed diet supplemented with probiotics or phytase

The objective was to assess the effect of probiotic or phytase supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC) in 24 Mangalarga Marchador foals (16 males, 8 females), with 241.6 ± 23.2 days of age, and 216.7 ± 27.8 kg of body weight (BW). The study lasted 28 days, the first 23 days for diet and handling adaptation, and the last five days for feces collection. The basal diet consisted of Cynodon pasture and pelleted concentrate (1.2 kg/100 kg BW), as well as water and mineral salt ad libitum. Treatments groups were assigned as follows: basal diet (control); basal diet + 5 g/day of live yeast culture (109 CFU/g of S. cerevisiae); basal diet + 2 g/day of live bacteria (108 CFU/g of B. bifidum, E. faecium, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum) and yeast culture (105 CFU/g of S. cerevisiae); and basal diet + 1250 FTU/day of phytase. Pasture DMI was estimated with an external marker (LIPE™) associated with cecal in situ digestibility of dry matter. All foals were randomized, by replicated, using a 4 × 2 factorial, and results were compared using Student t-test, taking into consideration the effect of initial BW as covariate for the percentage DMI per BW. Among foals, DMI varied from 2.4 to 2.8% BW, with foals supplemented with live bacteria and yeast having lower DMI (total diet and forage). All animals had an ADG of 0.33 kg/day, and foals supplemented with live bacteria and yeast had FC 32.42 to 43.83% lower than foals supplemented with phytase or fed only basal diet. The phytase dose of 205 FTU/kg DM in the basal diet had no effects. Probiotic composed of live bacteria and yeast culture improved feed efficiency of forage and can be used as a nutritional strategy to maintain body condition in foals during the dry season.

Efeito da endogamia sobre características morfométricas em cavalosda raça Mangalarga Marchador

The coefficient of inbreeding was estimate and its effect on linear traits of the Mangalarga Marchador horses reared in a ranch in the North of Minas Gerais was evaluated. The characteristics studied were morphometric traits such as wither and hip height, length of head, neck, back-loin, hip and body, as well as chest and hip width. The archive had 2186 data on the genealogy of animals from the herd register of the Catuni Farm. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) was calculated and its effect was evaluated by means of simple linear regression on the linear traits. Of all animals, 27.6% showed inbreeding, with an F average of 1.4% in the population. Considering only the inbred animals, the average consanguinity reached 5.3% minimum of 0.1 and maximum of 28.1%. Negative effects of inbreeding on the morphometric traits were not seen, except for hip width, where for each 10% increase in F there was increase of 0.576cm. Possibly due to the low value found, inbreeding did not influence the other evaluated characteristics.

Tendência genética de medidas lineares de pôneis da raça Brasileira

Data from 2073 Brasileira pony horses, born from 1974 to 1994, were used to predict breeding values and to study genetic trends of 10 linear traits. Derivative free restricted maximum likelihood methodology and MTDFREML algorithm were used for breeding value predictions. Genetic trend was accessed using weighted least squares estimates for regression coefficients of average breeding values on year of birth. Genetic trends were present (P<.01) in seven of the 10 traits. For each year there was a reduction of .070cm in withers and croup heights, .037cm in head length, .025cm in neck length, .023cm in croup length, .073cm in body length and .004cm in head width. Results indicated proportional body reduction of the Brasileira pony breed.

Efeito de dois diferentes programas nutricionais sobre o desenvolvimento corporal de potros Mangalarga Marchador

RESUMO - Dois programas nutricionais foram testados em potros Mangalarga Marchador: TA - suplementacao com concentrado suplementar dos 2 aos 12 meses de idade e TB - suplementacao com concentrado suplementar da desmama aos 12 meses de idade. Os animais foram destinados a dois piquetes formados pelas gramineas coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon nlemfluensis) + Estrela Africana (Cynodon nlemfluensis) e coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon nlemfluensis), respectivamente, e mensalmente foram pesados (P), mensurados (altura na cernelha - AC, perimetro toracico - PT) e avaliados quanto a ocorrencia de deformidade flexural. Os 22 potros, filhos de tres garanhoes diferentes, nasceram entre setembro de 1993 e fevereiro de 1994 e foram designados para TA e TB, de acordo com o seguinte criterio: cada dois potros de mesmo sexo, filhos do mesmo garanhao e nascidos cronologicamente o mais proximo possivel, foram sorteados para cada tratamento, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As medias foram comparadas pelo teste Fisher. Os resultados demonstraram que os potros de TA tiveram melhor AC, PT, na epoca da desmama, e melhor PT, aos 12 meses de idade. Os animais de TB apresentaram ganho compensatorio nas medidas de AC. Nao foi observado, ao exame clinico, deformidade flexural nos potros de ambos os tratamentos.

Yeast as a feed additive for training horses

This research analyses the yeast supplementation effect on the digestibility of nutrients and metabolic performance in training horses. Twelve horses were assigned into 2 groups: Pr (20 g of probiotics daily per horse) and control. The diet consisted of roughage (haylage) and commercial rations and all horses were trained for 6 weeks. LIPE® indicator was used during 7 days and feces collected for five days to determine nutrient digestibility. DM, CP, DE, P, NDF, ADF, HCEL and lignin were determined. All horses were subjected to incremental ergospirometry test before and at the end of training. Horses that received live yeast showed an increase (p<0.05) of 4.1% in the digestibility of HCEL. After training, both horse groups presented higher tolerance to fatigue, with an increase in AT and VO2max. The training improved animal performance, hemicellulose digestibility and DE was higher in Pr, but these increases did not improve the performance of these animals.O trabalho avaliou o efeito da suplementacao com leveduras na dieta de equinos em treinamento, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o desempenho metabolico dos animais. Doze equinos foram distribuidos em 2 grupos: Pr (equinos que receberam 20 g de probioticos diariamente) e Controle. A dieta foi composta de volumoso (haylage) e concentrado comercial e todos os equinos foram treinados durante 6 semanas. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi avaliada utilizando o indicador LIPE® (7 dias) e a coleta de fezes foi realizada durante cinco dias. Foi analisado MS, PB, DE, P, FDN, FDA, HCEL e lignina. Antes e apos o treinamento, todos os cavalos foram submetidos a um teste incremental ergoespirometrico. Os equinos que receberam leveduras vivas apresentaram um aumento (p <0,05) de 4,1% na digestibilidade da HCEL. Apos o treinamento, ambos os grupos apresentaram maior tolerância a fadiga, com um aumento na AT e no VO2max. O treinamento melhorou o desempenho dos animais, e a digestibilidade da hemicelulose e DE foi maior no grupo Pr, mas estes aumentos nao melhoraram o desempenho destes animais.