Md. Mehedi Masud

Application of positron emission tomography to neuroimaging in sports sciences.

To investigate exercise-induced regional metabolic and perfusion changes in the human brain, various methods are available, such as positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). In this paper, details of methods of metabolic measurement using PET, [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) and [(15)O]radio-labelled water ([(15)O]H(2)O) will be explained. Functional neuroimaging in the field of neuroscience was started in the 1970s using an autoradiography technique on experimental animals. The first human functional neuroimaging exercise study was conducted in 1987 using a rough measurement system known as (133)Xe inhalation. Although the data was useful, more detailed and exact functional neuroimaging, especially with respect to spatial resolution, was achieved by positron emission tomography. Early studies measured the cerebral blood flow changes during exercise. Recently, PET was made more applicable to exercise physiology and psychology by the use of the tracer [(18)F]FDG. This technique allowed subjects to be scanned after an exercise task is completed but still obtain data from the exercise itself, which is similar to autoradiography studies. In this report, methodological information is provided with respect to the recommended protocol design, the selection of the scanning mode, how to evaluate the cerebral glucose metabolism and how to interpret the regional brain activity using voxel-by-voxel analysis and regions of interest techniques (ROI). Considering the important role of exercise in health promotion, further efforts in this line of research should be encouraged in order to better understand health behavior. Although the number of research papers is still limited, recent work has indicated that the [(18)F]FDG-PET technique is a useful tool to understand brain activity during exercise.

Redistribution of whole-body energy metabolism by exercise: a positron emission tomography study

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate changes in glucose metabolism of skeletal muscles and viscera induced by different workloads using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3-D PET).MethodsFive male volunteers performed ergometer bicycle exercise for 40 min at 40% and 70% of the maximal O2 consumption (

Effects of aerobic exercise training on brain structure and psychological well-being in young adults

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Application of positron emission tomography in physical medicine

O2max). [18F]FDG was injected 10 min later following the exercise task. Wholebody 3-D PET was performed. Five other male volunteers were studied as a control to compare with the exercise group. The PET image data were analyzed using manually defined regions of interest to quantify the regional metabolic rate of glucose (rMRGlc). Group comparisons were made using analysis of variance, and significant differences (P < 0.05) were determined using Scheffe’s test (post hoc analysis).ResultsQuantitative analysis demonstrated that rMRGlc increased (P < 0.05) in the skeletal muscles of the thigh at mild or moderate workloads when compared with the resting controls. For visceral organs such as the liver and brain, metabolic reduction was significant (P < 0.05) at mild and/or moderate exercise workload.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated linear increases or decreases in glucose uptake by skeletal muscles and viscera with mild and moderate exercise workloads, suggesting the presence of homeostatic energy metabolism. This result supports the finding that [18F]FDG-PET can be used as an index of organ energy metabolism for moderate exercise workloads (70%

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activates after Achievement of Obligatory Purpose

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Evaluation of Cerebral Activity and Autonomic Function during Accompanying with Animal: a PET Study

O2max). The results of this investigation may contribute to sports medicine and rehabilitation science.