Md. Quamrul Islam

The effect of solidity on the performance of H-rotor Darrieus turbine

Utilization of wind energy has been investigated for a long period of time by different researchers in different ways. Out of which, the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine and the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine have now advanced design, but still there is scope to improve their efficiency. The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has the advantage over Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) for working on omnidirectional air flow without any extra control system. A modified H-rotor Darrieus type VAWT is analysed in this paper, which is a lift based wind turbine. The effect of solidity (i.e. chord length, no. of blades) on power coefficient (CP) of H-rotor for different tip speed ratios is numerically investigated. The study is conducted using time dependent RANS equations using SST k-ω model. SIMPLE scheme is used as pressure-velocity coupling and in all cases, the second order upwind discretization scheme is chosen for getting more accurate solution. In results, different parameters are compared, which depict the perfor...

NUMERICAL STUDY OF FORCED CONVECTION IN A PACKED CHANNEL WITH ASYMMETRIC HEATING

Numerical solution based on the control volume method is presented for the study of heat transfer for forced convective flow in a channel filled with a fluid saturated porous media. The solution of the conservative differential equations governing the flow is performed using the SZMPLE algorithm. The wall effects on the variation of porosity and thermal dispersion have been considered. In calculating the thermal dispersive conductivity, a general expression has been obtained taking into account the flow geometry and flow Reynolds number. The expression appears to serve well in the present investigation and also in reproducing the results of previous studies. The analysis includes predictions of temperature profiles and heat flux for the constant wall temperature condition at the wall and have been compared with available experimental data.

Assessment of Nutritional Status of Infants Living in Arsenic-Contaminated Areas in Bangladesh and Its Association with Arsenic Exposure

Data is scarce on early life exposure to arsenic and its association with malnutrition during infancy. This study followed the nutritional status of a cohort of 120 infants from birth to 9 months of age in an arsenic contaminated area in Bangladesh. Anthropometric data was collected at 3, 6 and 9 months of the infant’s age for nutritional assessment whereas arsenic exposure level was assessed via tube well drinking water arsenic concentration at the initiation of the study. Weight and height measurements were converted to Z-scores of weight for age (WAZ-underweight), height for age (HAZ-stunting), weight for height (WHZ-wasting) for children by comparing with WHO growth standard. Arsenic exposure levels were categorized as <50 μg/L and ≥50 μg/L. Stunting rates (<−2 SD) were 10% at 3 months and 44% at both 6 and 9 months. Wasting rates (<−2 SD) were 23.3% at 3 months and underweight rates (<−2 SD) were 25% and 10% at 3 and 6 months of age, respectively. There was a significant association of stunting with household drinking water arsenic exposure ≥50 μg/L at age of 9 months (p = 0.009). Except for stunting at 9 months of age, we did not find any significant changes in other nutritional indices over time or with levels of household arsenic exposure in this study. Our study suggests no association between household arsenic exposure and under-nutrition during infancy; with limiting factors being small sample size and short follow-up. Difference in stunting at 9 months by arsenic exposure at ≥50 μg/L might be a statistical incongruity. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to establish any association.

Numerical investigation on boundary layer control through moving surface in NACA 0012 airfoil

This study focuses on the drag reduction by reducing adverse pressure gradient and delaying the flow separation of 2D NACA 0012 airfoil by moving surface through numerical simulation. Two particular cases are considered here. When ‘single moving surface’ is considered, only one moving surface of 10% of the chord length(c) is placed at upper surface of the airfoil starting from 0.05c to 0.15c. When ‘double moving surface’ is considered, one moving surface of 10% of the chord length is placed at upper surface starting from 0.05c to 0.15c and one moving surface of same size is placed at lower surface from 0.05c to 0.15c. Momentum injection into the flow field moves the separation of boundary layer in the vicinity of trailing edge of the airfoil. By momentum injection through single moving surface with the surface velocity twice the free stream velocity and for different angle of attack it is possible to reduce the average drag coefficient by 23.9%. And for same condition with double moving surface it is poss...

Performance study of winglets on tapered wing with curved trailing edge

Induced drag is the result of wingtip vortex produced from generating lift by finite wing. It is one of the main drags that an aircraft wing encounters during flight. It hampers aircraft performance by increasing fuel consumption and reducing endurance, range and speed. Winglets are used to reduce the induced drag. They weakens wingtip vortex and thus reduces induced drag. This paper represents the experimental investigation to reduce induced drag using winglet at the wingtip. A model of tapered wing with curved trailing edge (without winglet) as well as two similar wings with blended winglet and double blended winglet are prepared using NACA 4412 aerofoil in equal span and surface area. All the models are tested in a closed circuit subsonic wind tunnel at air speed of 108 km/h (0.09 Mach). Reynolds number of the flow is 2.28 × 105 on the basis of average chord length of the wings. The point surface static pressures at different angles of attack from −4° to 24° are measured for each of the wing and wingle...

An experimental study on the effect of wind load around tall towers of square and hexagonal shapes in staggered form

In this research work an experiment is conducted to observe the effect of wind load around square and hexagonal shaped cylinders in staggered form. The experiment is performed in an open circuit wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 4.23×104 based on the face width of the cylinder across the flow direction. The flow velocity has been kept uniform at 14.3 m/s throughout the experiment. The test is conducted for single cylinders first and then in staggered form. The cylinders are rotated to create different angles of attack and the angles are chosen at a definite interval. The static pressure readings are taken at different locations of the cylinder by inclined multi-manometers. From the surface static pressure readings pressure coefficients, drag coefficients and lift coefficients are calculated using numerical integration method. These results will surely help engineers to design buildings more stable against wind load. All the results are expressed in non-dimensional form, so that they can be applied for prototype structures.In this research work an experiment is conducted to observe the effect of wind load around square and hexagonal shaped cylinders in staggered form. The experiment is performed in an open circuit wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 4.23×104 based on the face width of the cylinder across the flow direction. The flow velocity has been kept uniform at 14.3 m/s throughout the experiment. The test is conducted for single cylinders first and then in staggered form. The cylinders are rotated to create different angles of attack and the angles are chosen at a definite interval. The static pressure readings are taken at different locations of the cylinder by inclined multi-manometers. From the surface static pressure readings pressure coefficients, drag coefficients and lift coefficients are calculated using numerical integration method. These results will surely help engineers to design buildings more stable against wind load. All the results are expressed in non-dimensional form, so that they can be applied for p...

Analysis of pressure distributions on combinations of cylinders due to the effect of wind loading

With the rapid growth of population, design and construction of taller buildings are being emphasized now-a-days. Especially the design of the group of tall buildings is economic to take care of the housing problem of the huge population. As buildings become taller, effect of wind on them also increases. In this research work, experiments have been conducted to investigate the wind effect on a combination of pentagonal and hexagonal cylinders. The test was conducted in an open circuit wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of Re = 4.22 × 104 based on the face width of the cylinder across the flow direction in a uniform flow velocity of 13.5 m/s. A pentagonal cylinder was placed in the upstream and another two hexagonal cylinders were in the downstream. The transverse and longitudinal spacing between the cylinders were varied and the surface static pressures at the different locations of the cylinders were measured with the help of inclined multi-manometers. From the measured values of surface static pressures, ...

An experimental investigation of wind flow over tall towers in staggered form

In this research work an experiment is conducted to see the effect of wind loading on square, pentagonal and Hexagonal shape cylinders in staggered form. The experiment is done in an open circuit wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 4.23×104 based on the face width of the cylinder across the flow direction. The flow velocity has been kept uniform throughout the experiment at 14.3 m/s. The test has been conducted for single cylinders first and then in staggered form. Angle of attack is chosen at a definite interval. The static pressure at different locations of the cylinder is measured by inclined multi-manometer. From the surface static pressure readings pressure coefficients are calculated first, then drag and lift coefficients are calculated using numerical Integration Method. These results will surely help engineers to design buildings with such shapes more efficiently. All the results are expressed in non-dimensional form, so they can be applied for prototype buildings and determine the wind loading at...

Performance of a stationary vertical axis vane type rotor tested in a wind tunnel

This paper reports the performance of an equally spaced vertical axis vane type rotor tested in a wind tunnel. The aerodynamic characteristics i.e. torque coefficient, drag coefficient etc. of a stationary vane type rotor have been studied in this research work by measuring the pressure distribution on the blade surfaces at various rotor angles. The experimental investigation was performed on four bladed vertical axis vane type rotor in a uniform flow jet produced by an open circuit wind tunnel. It has been observed that the static torque varies at different rotor angles. Total static torque coefficient at different rotor angles curve repeats from 0° to 80°, 90° to 170°, 180° to 260° and 270° to 350° angle of rotation. A quasi-steady approach was applied for the prediction of dynamic performance of the rotor using the static drag and torque coefficients. This method results in a fair agreement with the measured power coefficient.

Wind Power Utilization for Water Pumping in Bangladesh

Publisher Summary This chapter throws the attention on wind power utilization for water pumping in Bangladesh. The possibilities of introducing small scale wind power pumping in Bangladesh have been assessed with regard to wind data supplied by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department. The large-scale wind energy extraction is not feasible in Bangladesh due to low wind speed available. However, there is a potential of small scale wind power pumping in some regions in the country if a proper choice of wind turbine is made. The wind turbine may be useful to drive hand pumps used for irrigating agricultural land. The performance of horizontal axis sailwing rotor coupled to a No. 6 hand tubewell is found to be satisfactory. The combined efficiency of the windmill pump set is found to be about 20% at a wind speed of 2.45 m/s. The Reynolds number based on wind speed and rotor swept diameter is in the range of 4.67e5 to 1.87e6.