Md. Sarfaraj Hussain

Current approaches toward production of secondary plant metabolites

Plants are the tremendous source for the discovery of new products with medicinal importance in drug development. Today several distinct chemicals derived from plants are important drugs, which are currently used in one or more countries in the world. Secondary metabolites are economically important as drugs, flavor and fragrances, dye and pigments, pesticides, and food additives. Many of the drugs sold today are simple synthetic modifications or copies of the naturally obtained substances. The evolving commercial importance of secondary metabolites has in recent years resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism, particularly in the possibility of altering the production of bioactive plant metabolites by means of tissue culture technology. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be established routinely under sterile conditions from explants, such as plant leaves, stems, roots, and meristems for both the ways for multiplication and extraction of secondary metabolites. In vitro production of secondary metabolite in plant cell suspension cultures has been reported from various medicinal plants, and bioreactors are the key step for their commercial production. Based on this lime light, the present review is aimed to cover phytotherapeutic application and recent advancement for the production of some important plant pharmaceuticals.

Role of excipients in successful development of self-emulsifying/microemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS/SMEDDS)

The oral delivery of hydrophobic drug presents a major challenge because of the low aqueous solubility of such compounds. Self-emulsifying/microemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS/SMEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents/surfactants, can be used for the design of formulations in order to improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic drug compounds. The efficiency of oral absorption of said drug from such type of formulation depends on many formulation-related parameters, such as surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, polarity of the emulsion, droplet size and charge, all of which in essence determine the self-emulsification ability. Thus, only very specific pharmaceutical excipient combinations will lead to efficient self-emulsifying systems. With the growing interest in this field, there is an increasing need for guidelines in excipient selection to obtain effective delivery system with improved bioavailability. The aim of this review is to present the recent approaches in selecting the most appropriate lipid system(s); methods for its characterization and role of various excipients for improved delivery of dosage form.

Hyphenated chromatographic analysis of bioactive gallic acid and quercetin in Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine growing wildly in marshy places in India by validated HPTLC method

Abstract Objective A simple, accurate, and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for simultaneous quantification of the two biologically active flavonoidal compounds, gallic acid and quercetin, in Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine (HA) has been established and validated. Methods Chromatography was performed on aluminium foil-backed silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with the binary mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:1, v/v/v). Ultraviolet detection was performed densitometrically at the maximum absorbance wavelength, 270nm. The method was validated for precision, recovery, robustness, specificity, and detection and quantification limits, in accordance with ICH guidelines. Results The system was found to give compact spots for gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (QE) (Rf value of 0.31 and 0.50, respectively). The limit of detection (23 and 41 ng band−1) limit of quantification (69 and 123 ng band−1), recovery (99.4–99.9 and 98.7–99.4%), and precision (i.e ≤1.98 and 1.97) were satisfactory for gallic acid and quercetin respectively. Linearity range for GA and QE were 100–1000 (r2= 0.9991) and 150–900 ng band−1 (r2= 0.9956) and the contents estimated as 0.28±0.01% and 0.41±0.01% w/w respectively. Conclusions This simple, precise and accurate method gave good resolution from other constituents present in the extract. The method has been successfully applied in the analysis and routine quality control of herbal material and formulations containing Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine.

Validation of the method for the simultaneous estimation of bioactive marker gallic acid and quercetin in Abutilon indicum by HPTLC

Abstract Objective To establish and validate an simultaneous estimation of the two biomarker compounds gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (QE) from methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum (AI). Methods Chromatography was performed on aluminium foil-backed silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with the binary mobile phase toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (5:4:1, v/v/v). Ultraviolet detection was performed densitometrically at the maximum absorbance wavelength, 270nm. The method was validated for precision, recovery, robustness, specificity, and detection and quantification limits, in accordance with ICH guidelines. Results The system was found to give compact spots for GA and QE (Rf value of 0.31 and 0.50, respectively). The limit of detection (23 and 41 ng band-1) limit of quantification (69 and 123 ng band-1), recovery (99.4–99.9 and 98.7–99.4%), and precision (≤1.98 and 1.97) were satisfactory for gallic acid and quercetin respectively. Linearity range for GA and QE were 100-1000 (r 2 = 0.9991) and 150–900 ng band-1 (r 2 = 0.9956) and the contents estimated as 0.69% ± 0.01% and 0.57% ± 0.01% w/w respectively. Conclusions This simple, precise and accurate method gave good resolution from other constituents present in the extract. The method has been successfully applied in the analysis and routine quality control of herbal material and formulations containing AI.

Pharmacognostical Standardization of Stem Bark of Adenanthera pavonina L.

Adenanthera pavonina L. syn. Red Sandalwood, (Fabaceae) is an unarmed deciduous tree and and its bark is traditionally used for treatment of various disease conditions in gonorrhea, haematuria, ulcers, it is astringent, vulnerary and aphrodisiac in nature. An attempt has been made to highlight this folk herbal medicine through present study which will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification. Various standardization parameters like morphological characters, microscopic evaluation, physico-chemical evaluations (foreign matter, loss on drying, ash values, extractive values), preliminary phytochemical screening, TLC finger print, qualitative HPTLC of the extract and fluorescence analysis of powdered crude drug were carried out and the qualitative parameters were reported. These studies provided referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant material.

HPTLC METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF SERTRALINE IN PURE BULK DRUG AND LIPIDIC NANO DELIVERY SYSTEM: A STRESS DEGRADATION STUDIES

A sensitive, selective, precise, and stability-indicating, high-performance, thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for analysis of sertraline, both as a bulk drug and in house formulation, was developed and validated. The method employed thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of Toulene/Ethyl acetate/Ammonia (1:5:0.1, v/v) as a mobile phase. The densitometric analysis were carried out at 273 nm using Camag TLC scanner which generated compact spots for SRT (R f = 0.70 ± 0.02). The linear regression data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.998 in the concentration range of 25–2000 ng spot−1. Sertraline was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photodegradation, and dry heat treatment. Also, the degraded products were well separated from the pure drug. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and recovery. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as a stability indicating one. Moreover, the proposed HPTLC method was utilized to investigate the kinetics of acid and base degradation process.

New aliphatic ester constituents of Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine from the Koshi river basin

This research is meant for the isolation of the compounds out from the methanolic extract of the Hygrophila auriculata. This herb was customarily used as a diuretic to cure the inflammation, pain, urinal infections, and the gout. To isolate the compounds from methanolic extract of Hygrophila auriculata which was taken from Bihar’s Koshi river belt, open silica gel column chromatographic methods with different solvent mixtures were applied. The elucidation of the structure of the different separated phytoconstituent was accomplished through spectral data analysis, chemical reactions and their literary comparisons. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of Hygrophila auriculata gave a new compound identified as n-octa-triacontan-3-one-19α, 31α-diol (4) and along with the four known aliphatic ester compounds n-hexacos-21-one-1-ol (1), trans-tetracont-7-en-1-ol (2), n–octacosan-8-one (3) and n-heptacosan-11α-ol (5). A new compound was found with four other known compounds as aliphatic esters from H. auriculata extract.

Validated HPTLC technique for simultaneous evaluation of biomarkers gallic acid and quercetin in Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.: A systematic approach for quality control of herbals

Md. Sarfaraj Hussain, Hend Ismail, Sheeba Fareed, Mohammad Ali Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya Pharmaceutical Technical Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2017; 7(6): 356-361