Shadma Wahab

In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Coleus aromaticus root in Indian Adult Earthworm

Abstract Objective Anthelmintic resistance creates a major hitch over the decades throughout the world. As per WHO only synthetic drugs are frequently used in the treatment of helminth infestations in human beings but these synthetic drugs are out of reach of millions of people and have a lot of side effects. In view of this, an attempt has been made to study the anthelmintic activity of herbal drug. Methods All the prototypes and the standard drug solution were freshly prepared before commencement of the experiments. All the earthworms were washed in normal saline solution before they were released into 10 ml of respective formulation as follows, vehicle (2% v/v Tween 80 in normal saline), and Piperazine Citrate (10 mg/ml) and prototypes (10, 20 and 50mg/ml). Results All the investigational extract acquired the anthelmintic activity at minimal dose of 10 mg/ml. its significant activity (P Conclusions Herbal drugs and synthetic drugs have equally effective in helminth infestations but methanolic extract has the maximum anthelmintic activity potential than other root extract of Coleus aromaticus .

The ameliorative effects of Averroha carambola on humoral response to sheep erythrocytes in non-treated and cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Abstract Objective To evaluated immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Averrhoa carambola ( A. carambola ) leaves in mice. Methods The assessment of immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by administration of test extract by oral feeding canula to the test groups. Hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, hematological profile (Hb, WBC, RBC), lipid per oxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were determined by in vivo experiments. Results The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of A. carambola (800 and 1 200 mg/kg, p.o.) evoked a dose-dependent increase in antibody titer values and DTH reaction induced by SRBC was also found significant ( P Conclusions Immunomodulators are being used as an adjuvant in conditions of immunodeficiency in cancer and to a limited extent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The results obtained in this study indicate that A. carambola possesses potential immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity.

Pharmacognostical Standardization of Stem Bark of Adenanthera pavonina L.

Adenanthera pavonina L. syn. Red Sandalwood, (Fabaceae) is an unarmed deciduous tree and and its bark is traditionally used for treatment of various disease conditions in gonorrhea, haematuria, ulcers, it is astringent, vulnerary and aphrodisiac in nature. An attempt has been made to highlight this folk herbal medicine through present study which will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification. Various standardization parameters like morphological characters, microscopic evaluation, physico-chemical evaluations (foreign matter, loss on drying, ash values, extractive values), preliminary phytochemical screening, TLC finger print, qualitative HPTLC of the extract and fluorescence analysis of powdered crude drug were carried out and the qualitative parameters were reported. These studies provided referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant material.

Ameliorative Potential of Euphorbia hirta (Linn.) Extract against Lipopolysaccharide Induced-neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage in Rats

Objective: To find out the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory capabilities of Euphorbia hirta Linn. methanol extract in LPS-induced to oxidative stress animal model. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce oxidative stress in rats. Oxidative stress bio-markers (TBARS, GSH, CAT and SOD) were evaluated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess assay were used analysis of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) level in brain tissues respectively. An anxiety was calculated by elevated plus maze test. Result: LPS treated rats showed markedly depleted brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level (56.25%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) level (43.93%) and catalase (CAT) level (58.55%) in brain tissue, whereas a significant (p<0.01) raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (106.67%), nitric oxide (NO) level (149.0%) and also depicts a significant increase in levels of cytokines mainly TNF-α (60 %), IL-6 (50.28%) and IL-1β (106.77%) in the brain tissue. After 21 days, rats were supplementated orally with methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta (MEEH) in two different doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, resulted in normalization of GSH, CAT and SOD levels in dose dependent manner, while a significant (p<0.01) decreased in the MDA, cytokines and nitric oxide levels in the brain tissue, compared with LPS group. The behavioral study of time spent in open arms using maze model showed a significant results. Conclusion: The pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and oxidative stress bio-markers (TBARS, GSH, CAT and SOD) are inhibited by MEEH. Present study showed that the MEEH exhibited strong anti-oxidant properties.