Mehmet Ali Koyuncu

Promising apricot genetic resources from the Lake Van Region

This study was conducted in order to select valuable genetic resources(Prunus armeniaca L.) of apricot in Gevaş situatedon Lake Van Region (East Anatolia) of Turkey during 1998 and 1999. Allpopulation consisted of native apricot genotypes were examined with respect tofruit and tree characteristics for two years, and twenty-eight genotypes wereselected for future breeding efforts. Their flowering habit and desirable fruitcharacteristics were determined in comparison with‘Hacıhaliloğlu’. All selected apricots grown at 1700m in the region were not affected by late spring frosts. In themajority of genotypes, bud break, first flowering, full flowering and end offlowering occurred a few days earlier than the cultivar‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ in both years, whereas, harvest waslater than that. Some selections produced larger fruits than‘Hacıhaliloğlu’. All genotypes showed a range of25–48 g for fruit weight, 11–21% for soluble solids and0.19–2.90% for acidity. Soluble solids content was more than 20% in threeselections (G12, G29 and G33), and the acidity was lower than 1% in fivegenotypes (G2, G12, G27, G29 and G33). Selections with attractive fruit colorshad small to medium-sized fruits. Many genotypes were evaluated as promising forfurther breeding efforts.

Siyah Alaca ve Simental ineklerde damızlıkta kalma süresi, sürüden çıkarma nedenleri ve süt verim özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma

Son yillarda sut sigiri yetistiricileri, Holstein irki ineklere gore daha dusuk sut verimli olmalarina ragmen daha yuksek damizlikta kalma suresi ve daha dusuk hastalik insidansi gibi nedenlerle Simental irki inekleri tercih etmektedirler. Bu dogrultuda bu calismanin amaci, soz konusu tercihin dogrulugunu arastirmak icin iki irk arasinda, damizlikta kalma suresi, suruden cikarma nedenleri ve bazi sut verim ozelliklerini arastirmaktir. Calismada kullanilan tum veriler Bursa Karacabey TIGEM isletmesinde 2015-2016 yillarinda suruden cikartilan hayvanlarin kayitlarindan elde edilmistir. Damizlikta kalma suresi Siyah Alaca inekler icin 33.6±1.08 ay ve Simental inekler icin 33.7±1.21 ay olarak bulunmustur. Ortalama laktasyon sut verimi (LSV), 305 gun sut verimi (LSV 305 ) ve sagilan gun sayisi (SGS), Siyah Alaca inekler icin sirasiyla; 8515.63±196.507 kg, 7517.98±148.289 kg ve 403.75±9.575 gun, Simental inekler icin, 6079.75±163.126 kg, 5525.71±117.931 kg and 351.40±8.559 gun bulunmustur. Iki irk arasinda damizlikta kalma suresi ve suruden cikarma nedenleri arasindaki fark onemli bulunmazken, laktasyon sut veriminin Siyah Alacalarda Simentallere gore daha yuksek oldugu bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak yerel sartlarda sut sigiri yetistiricileri icin dogru irk seciminin Siyah Alaca oldugu soylenebilir.

Quality of raisins under different packaging and storage conditions

ABSTRACT We determined the effect of different storage systems and packaging on the quality of ‘Sultana Seedless’ raisins. The fruit were packed in plastic boxes and kept under controlled atmosphere (1% O2 and 3% CO2) at 0°C and 75–85% RH for 12 months (CA), packed in vacuum bags and kept under normal atmosphere (21% O2–0.03% CO2) (NA) and packed in thin plastic bags + carton boxes and kept under ambient condition (semi-refrigeration), at 0°C and 90% ± 5 RH for 12 months (AC). Fruit kept under CA or NA had acceptable fruit quality in terms of general appearance and taste for 10 months, whereas fruit quality was unacceptable at that time under AC. Fruit under NA had less weight loss than fruit under the other conditions. Differences in skin colour were relatively small, apart from the h° values. Concentrations of ochratoxin A were generally higher with AC. External appearance and taste were better with CA and NA. As a result, raisins can be stored for 10 months with good quality in vacuum package in NA (0°C and 90% ± 5 RH) and CA (1% O2–3% CO2) at 0°C and 75–85% RH.

Cracking characteristics and kernel extraction quality of hazelnuts: Effects of compression speed and positions

ABSTRACT Force, energy, and specific deformation required for initial rupture and kernel extraction quality of hazelnuts were investigated as functions of shell thickness and geometric mean diameter at different compression positions (length, width, and thickness) and speeds (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm/s). For this purpose, two groups of nuts of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Tombul were compressed with a universal testing machine. The lowest rupture force values were obtained from along the width direction, while nuts compressed at length position had higher quality scores (5.00 and 4.89) compared with other positions in both groups. The force for cracking increased with increasing test speeds, and reached to 214 N at the speed of 2 mm/s in the first group (larger than 16 mm diameter) samples. Less energy was required to crack nuts at the speeds of 0.5 and 1.0 mm/s compared with 1.5 and 2.0 mm/s compression speeds in both sample groups. Generally, rupture force and energy for cracking increased linearly by increasing shell thickness. The energy required to initiate cracking increased as the size of hazelnuts increased for all three axes. Results revealed that there was no relationship between kernel extraction quality and geometric mean diameter. Experimental results from compression tests indicated that cracking nuts at the width position required less force and yielded good kernel extraction quality at the speed lower than 1 mm/s.