Mehmet Ali Sakin

Single and double inoculation with Azospirillum/Trichoderma: the effects on dry bean and wheat

A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7) and a bio-control fungus, which can solubilize insoluble phosphorus (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22), were evaluated for their single and combined effects on dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil. A pot experiment with bean and a field experiment with both bean and wheat were established. In contrast to single inoculation of Trichoderma, the single inoculation of Azospirillum and the double inoculation did not significantly (P >0.05) increase nodule numbers and nodule mass at 45 days after planting in pot grown beans. However, the Azospirillum inoculation with supplementary phosphorus significantly (P <0.05) increased nodule mass. There were no significant (P >0.05) differences among the inoculation treatments for plant dry weight, total plant nitrogen, and total plant phosphorus at 45 days after planting in both pot and field experiments with bean. However, the combined inoculation and rock phosphate application at 1 Mg ha−1 significantly (P <0.05) increased bean seed yield, total seed nitrogen and phosphorus in the bean field trial. This treatment more than doubled the mentioned properties compared to the control. The microbial inoculations, with the exception of the combined inoculation, significantly (P <0.05) increased total seed nitrogen, but never affected seed yield in the wheat field trial (P >0.05). The combined inoculation improves many plant and yield parameters and, therefore, has some advantages over single inoculation provided that rock phosphate was supplied at an amount not exceeding 1 Mg ha−1. Higher rock phosphate application rates decreased many plant and yield parameters in our study.

Assessment of genotype x environment interaction on yield and yield components of durum wheat genotypes by multivariate analyses

Wheat breeders have to determine the new cultivars and lines responsive to the environmental changes for grain yield and yield components. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate 25 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum ) genotypes including 12 registered cultivars and 13 advanced breeding lines for their stability grown in three different locations (Tokat-Kazova, Diyarbakir and Sivas-Ulas) of Turkey for two growing seasons (2005-2006 and 2006-2007), and to select genotypes having desirable traits to be used in future durum wheat breeding program. Field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at each location. Days to heading, plant height, number of spikes per square meter, number of kernels per spike, spike weight, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield of the genotypes were evaluated in each location. The regression coefficient ( bi) of Finlay and Wilkinson (1963) and mean square of deviation from regression (S 2 d) of Eberhart and Russell (1966) were used as the stability parameters. The results of combined analysis of variance showed a strong influence of the locations on plant height, number of spikes per square meter, number of kernels per spike, spike weight, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield. Genotypic effects were mainly observed for spike length and test weight. Year had strong impact only on the days to heading. Ecological conditions of Diyarbakir among locations offer the better opportunity for production of durum wheat. Line 5 and cultivar Gidara were both stable in yield ability and also appeared the stable group based on the cluster analysis. In the first principal component days to heading, number of spikes per square meter and spike length were the most important traits contributing to variation that obtained about 44.3%. There was a positive relationship between grain yield and number of spikes per square meter together test weight, whereas days to heading and spike length were negatively correlated to grain yield. The results of this study also imply that Line-5 and cultivar Gidara among genotypes were the most stable cultivars and can be used as breeding materials. The days to heading, number of spikes per square meter and spike length could be adequate to introduce the differences among genotypes.

Quality characteristics of registered cultivars and advanced lines of durum wheats grown in different ecological regions of Turkey

Sakin, M. A., Sayaslan, A., Duzdemir, O. and Yuksel, F. 2011. Quality characteristics of registered cultivars and advanced lines of durum wheats grown in different ecological regions of Turkey. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 261-271. In this study, pasta-quality-associated characteristics of 25 durum wheat genotypes were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes consisted of 13 advanced experimental lines and 12 registered cultivars that were grown in three different locations of Turkey for 2 yr. Genotype, location, year and their interactions were found to be statistically significant in terms of all investigated quality characteristics. Mean quality parameters for the genotypes varied as follows: yellowberry kernel 1.7-6.1%, pigment content 3.67-8.31 mg kg-1, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity 12.9-27.9 EU g-1, protein content 10.8-11.8% (14% mb), gluten index (GI) 12-61, sodium dodecyl sulphate-sedimentation volume 17.3-28.7 mL, specific sedimentation volume 1.60-2.52 mL. Of the genotypes, 10 contained γ-gliadin 45 and six γ-gliadin 42 proteins. Except for Zenit, none of the registered cultivars and advanced experimental lines investigated in this study were able to meet simultaneously the requirements for high-quality pasta products; yet certain experimental lines prevailing in specific quality characteristics, such as Line-Gdem-2, Line-Gdem-12 and Line-20, may be used for further breeding purposes. The results of this study also imply that grain yield and quality should be taken collectively into consideration in wheat breeding programs.

Effects of cultivar type on yield and quality of popcorn (Zea mays everta)

Abstract Popcorn (Zea mays everta) has long been a favourite snack food for consumers and its popularity has increased over time. Quality as well as yield is important in popcorn. The popping volume of popcorn is the most important quality trait. In this study, yield and some quality characteristics of single‐cross and three‐way cross genotypes and open‐pollinated cultivars were compared. In this trial, 21 genotypes were investigated during 1997 and 1998. Seven of them were single crosses, seven were three‐way crosses, and seven were open‐pollinated cultivars. There were significant differences among genotypes for yield, popping volume, and percentage of unpopped kernels in both years. Cultivar types had similar yields in the first year, when environmental conditions were optimum, whereas hybrid genotypes had lower yield values in the second year because of unfavorable rainfall and temperature. Popping volume was significantly higher in hybrid genotypes than open‐pollinated cultivars whereas the percentage of unpopped kernels was c. 50% lower in hybrids. Therefore, well‐adapted hybrid cultivars should be grown instead of open‐pollinated cultivars under optimum environmental conditions.

GENETIC MARKER MEDIATED TRANSFER OF AN ALIEN GENE, PM21, INTO WHEAT CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW

ABSTRACT Powdery mildew is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat in many regions of the world including Turkey. An effective powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm21, originating from Dasypyrum villosum L. Candargy was transferred into the two widely grown common wheat cultivars ‘Bezostaja-1’ and ‘Gerek-79’ of Turkey through backcrossing coupled with genetic markers assisted selection. A 6VS/6AL translocation line (92R149) was used as the source of Pm21. Resistant backcross lines were selected by using C-banding and specific SCAR markers (SCAR1265 and SCAR1400). Highly resistant BC4F2 plants of ‘Bezostaja-1’ and ‘Gerek-79’ were produced and the existence of Pm21 was confirmed with the specific SCAR1265 and SCAR1400 markers.

Tokat Artova Koşullarında Triticale, Buğday Ve Çavdarın Verim Ve Verim Unsurları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

The study was carried out during 1995-96 and 1996-97 growing seasons in Tokat-Artova ecological conditions. 15 tritical lines provided from ICARDA and CIMMYT, 12 wheat cultivars which are grown widely in that area, and one rye population were used in the trial as plant material. The experiments were arranged the complete randomized block design with 3 replications. In the research, number of spikes per squar meter, number of grains per spike, grain yield per spike, 1000 grain weight, test weight and grain yield were studied. There were statistically significant differences among species and varieties for all character studied in the researchs. Except test wheight, some triticale lines were higher than wheat for characters. According to results of the study, it was concluded that triticale could be competed with wheat and rye for grain yield in Tokat-Artova conditions.