Nejdet Kandemir

Transferability of Microsatellite Markers Among Cool Season Cereals

ABSTRACT Microsatellite markers are powerful tools for many evolutionary and genetic studies. They provide high level of polymorphism and information in cereal genomic research. However, development of microsatellite markers is extremely expensive and both time and labor consuming because of the requirement of prior sequence knowledge for design of locus specific primers. Therefore, use of microsatellite markers developed for one species could be very valuable for related species. In the present study we investigated the possibility of SSR marker transferability among cool season cereals. Transferability of 27 wheat and 23 barley microsatellites were studied using five wheat, five barley, two oat and two rye cultivars. Transferability of the barley SSR markers to wheat was 69.6%(16/23), to oat 43.5%(10/23) and to rye 52.2%(12/23). Of 27 wheat SSR markers 20(74%) were amplified in barley, 20(74%) in oat and 19(70.4%) in rye. These results show that about two or three out of every four microsatellites can be used in related cereal genera.

Effects of cultivar type on yield and quality of popcorn (Zea mays everta)

Abstract Popcorn (Zea mays everta) has long been a favourite snack food for consumers and its popularity has increased over time. Quality as well as yield is important in popcorn. The popping volume of popcorn is the most important quality trait. In this study, yield and some quality characteristics of single‐cross and three‐way cross genotypes and open‐pollinated cultivars were compared. In this trial, 21 genotypes were investigated during 1997 and 1998. Seven of them were single crosses, seven were three‐way crosses, and seven were open‐pollinated cultivars. There were significant differences among genotypes for yield, popping volume, and percentage of unpopped kernels in both years. Cultivar types had similar yields in the first year, when environmental conditions were optimum, whereas hybrid genotypes had lower yield values in the second year because of unfavorable rainfall and temperature. Popping volume was significantly higher in hybrid genotypes than open‐pollinated cultivars whereas the percentage of unpopped kernels was c. 50% lower in hybrids. Therefore, well‐adapted hybrid cultivars should be grown instead of open‐pollinated cultivars under optimum environmental conditions.

GENETIC MARKER MEDIATED TRANSFER OF AN ALIEN GENE, PM21, INTO WHEAT CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW

ABSTRACT Powdery mildew is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat in many regions of the world including Turkey. An effective powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm21, originating from Dasypyrum villosum L. Candargy was transferred into the two widely grown common wheat cultivars ‘Bezostaja-1’ and ‘Gerek-79’ of Turkey through backcrossing coupled with genetic markers assisted selection. A 6VS/6AL translocation line (92R149) was used as the source of Pm21. Resistant backcross lines were selected by using C-banding and specific SCAR markers (SCAR1265 and SCAR1400). Highly resistant BC4F2 plants of ‘Bezostaja-1’ and ‘Gerek-79’ were produced and the existence of Pm21 was confirmed with the specific SCAR1265 and SCAR1400 markers.

Patateste Farklı Ortam ve Dönemlerde Yapılan Melezleme ve Melez Tohum Elde Edilmesini Etkileyen Faktörler

Bu arastirmada, ustun ozelliklere sahip ileri patates klonlari ile bazi yerel patates cesitleri ve ticari cesitler arasinda melezlemeler yapilarak, melez tohumlarin elde edilmesi amaclanmistir. Calisma, Tokat sartlarinda 2014 yili ilkbahar doneminde baslayip, 2015 yili kis doneminde de devam ettirilerek, 2014 ve 2015 yillarinda yurutulmustur. Patateste melezleme islemleri 2014 yilinda cam ve tul sera ile dusuk (650 m) ve yuksek rakimli (1200 m) acik alanlarda yapilmistir. Arastirmanin 2014-2015 kis donemi polikarbon sera ortaminda yurutulmustur. Elde edilen sonuclara gore 2014 yili yaz donemi acik alan ve tul sera sartlarinda 15 kombinasyonun 14’unde 1260 cicek melezlenmis, bunlardan 65’i meyve olusturabilmis ve 1831 adet melez tohum elde edilmistir. 2014 yili yaz doneminde zaman zaman asiri yagis ve ozellikle yuksek sicakliklardan dolayi melezleme basarisi olumsuz etkilenmis, bu yuzden melezleme calismalarina kis doneminde polikarbon serada devam edilmistir. Bu donemde yapilan melezleme calismalarinda 15 kombinasyonda yaklasik 1602 cicekte melezleme yapilmis ve halen 203 meyveden 13302 adet melez tohum elde edilmistir. Yaz doneminde melezlenen ciceklerin %5.2’ si meyve baglamis iken, kis doneminde bu oran %12.7 olmustur. Benzer sekilde yaz doneminde meyve basina 28.2 adet tohum elde edilmis iken, kis donemi melezlemelerinde bu sayi 65.5’e yukselmistir. Diger taraftan, yaz doneminde yuksek rakimli acik alan ve tul sera sartlarinda yapilan melezlemelerden daha iyi sonuclarin alindigi da belirlenmistir.

EFFECTS OF GROWING CONDITIONS ON CROSSING SUCCESS IN DIFFERENT POTATO(Solanum tuberosum L.)CROSSES

This study was carried out to determine the effect of growing conditions under different altitudes on seed production in different potato crosses in Tokat Province of Turkey in 2015. Plants were grown and crosses were made in open field or net house in Tokat location (altitude 600 m asl.), open field or net house in Artova location (altitude 1200 m asl.), or controlled polycarbonate greenhouse. Fifteen different crosses were made between 12 parent cultivars. Production of hybrid potato seed was considered “crossing success”. Results showed that parent cultivars and cross combinations affected crossing success and no seeds were produced from some combinations while some combinations produced abundant seeds. The highest number of seeds were produced in controlled polycarbonate greenhouse, whereas very low amount of seeds were produced under low altitude (600 m asl.) open field conditions. Polycarbonate greenhouse produced 47.3% of all seeds, while low altitude net house produced 19.8%, high altitude open field produced 15.8%, high altitude net house produced 13.6% and low altitude open field produced 3.5%. It was concluded that for a high crossing success, potato crossing should be made by controlled polycarbonate greenhouse conditions and 23 C0 day / 17 C0 night temperatures produced more hybrid seeds.