Mehmet Demir Kaya

Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes (7, 8 and 9 mm) on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars (AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99). Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses of cultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaCl concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship (P<0.01) between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.

Classification of some Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Germination, Seedling Growth, and Ion Content

La salinidad reduce germinacion, retrasa emergencia, e inhibe el crecimiento de plantulas de lino (Linum usitatissimum L.) mientras algunas variedades son menos afectadas por la salinidad que otras. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de niveles de NaCl (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m-1) en germinacion y crecimiento de plantulas de 10 genotipos de lino (lineas 87, 89, 104, 114, 193, 194, 209, 215, C-90 y cv. Sari-85) y clasificar los genotipos por tolerancia a salinidad usando caracteristicas de germinacion y de plantulas. Se evaluaron porcentaje de germinacion, tiempo medio de germinacion, longitud de raices y brotes, peso fresco y seco de plantulas, contenido de Na+ y relacion Na:K de las plantulas. La clasificacion de los genotipos de lino por tolerancia a salinidad se hizo de acuerdo a (i) combinacion de Analisis de Cluster y Componentes Principales, (ii) contenido de Na+, y (iii) relacion Na:K de plantulas. Los resultados muestran que los valores mayores se obtuvieron en las lineas 193, 194, y 215 excepto para tiempo medio de germinacion, mientras el porcentaje de germinacion no fue adversamente influenciado por NaCl hasta 20 dS m-1. El crecimiento de plantulas fue inhibido a 20 dS m-1 aunque los genotipos exhibieron variadas respuestas. El contenido de Na+ fue elevado por NaCl, pero plantulas de las lineas 194, 193, y 215 tuvieron los menores contenidos de Na+ en todos los niveles de NaCl. El analisis de cluster realizado por parametros multiples revelo tres grupos para tolerancia a salinidad. Se concluyo que las lineas 193, 194, y 215 eran tolerantes, las lineas 87, 209, C-90, y cv. Sari-85 fueron moderadamente tolerantes, y las lineas 89, 104, y 114 fueron genotipos sensibles a sal. La clasificacion de genotipos por contenido de Na+ y relacion Na:K mostro resultados similares para genotipos tolerantes mientras se detectaron genotipos diferentes para el grupo sensible.

Efficiency of Vigor Tests and Seed Elemental Concentrations to Estimate Field Emergence in Soybean (Glycine max)

The relationship between seed vigor test and seedling emergence is crucial to predict easily the seed performance under field conditions and the seed producers continuously explore the best vigor test to enhance stand establishment. This study was conducted to determine the suitable seed vigor test and mineral element in the seed to predict accurately the field performance of soybean. Fifty seed lots of 22 commercial soybean cultivars were assessed for seedling emergence under field conditions and germination, emergence, cool and cold tests, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH for 4, 8 and 24 h, accelerated ageing (AA) at 41, 43 and 45°C for 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h in the laboratory. Initial seed weight, oil, protein, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in seed lots were also investigated. Their results were correlated with field emergence percentage of seed lots to detect the most suitable indicator for vigorous seed lot. The germination percentage varied from 56% to 100%, while the field emergence percentage ranged between 0% and 84%. No significant correlation was noticed between field emergence and seed weight, oil and protein contents. AA test at 41°C for 72 h gave the highest significantly positive correlation with r=0.831**, but the highest significant and negative correlation coefficient (r=-0.801**) with field emergence percentage were observed in EC test for 24 h. Only Mn concentration of six elements investigated was significantly correlated with field emergence (r=-0.376*). It was concluded that the AA condition of 72 h at 41°C are recommended as an ideal seed vigor test to estimate closely field emergence performance of soybean seeds.

Kaplı ve Kapsız Şeker Pancarı Tohumlarının Çimlenme, Çıkış ve Verim Bakımından İncelenmesi

Bu calisma Eskisehir kosullarinda bazi seker pancari cesitlerinin kapli ve kapsiz tohumlarinin cimlenme, cikis, verim ve polar seker orani bakimindan performanslarinin degerlendirilmesi amaciyla 2014 yilinda tarla ve laboratuvar denemeleri olarak yurutulmustur. Arastirmada Eldorado, Coyote, Stine ve Giraf seker pancari cesitlerine ait kapli ve kapsiz tohumlari kullanilmistir. Laboratuvar denemelerinde cimlenme yuzdesi, ortalama cimlenme suresi, cikis yuzdesi ve ortalama cikis suresi; tarla denemelerinde ise tarla cikis (%), kok-govde boyu (cm), kok-govde capi (cm), kok-govde agirligi (g/bitki), kok-govde verimi (kg/da) ve polar seker orani (%) ozellikleri incelenmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, kapli ve kapsiz tohumlarin cimlenme yuzdesi, ortalama cimlenme suresi, cikis yuzdesi ve suresi bakimindan onemli farkliliklar belirlenmistir. Kapsiz tohumlarin cimlenme ve cikis yuzdesi kapli tohumlara gore daha yuksek bulunurken, daha kisa cimlenme ve cikis suresi belirlenmistir. Tarla denemelerinde incelenen ozellikler arasinda kapli ve kapsiz tohumlar arasinda onemli bir farklilik belirlenmemistir. Dekara verim bakimindan sadece Giraf cesidinin kapli ve kapsiz tohumlar arasinda farklilik belirlenmis, diger cesitlerde belirlenen farkliliklar onemsiz bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak, cesitlerin kapli ve kapsiz tohumlari cimlenme ve cikis ozellikleri farklilik gosterse de, verim ve polar seker orani bakimindan bir farkliligin bulunmadigi soylenebilir.