Mehmet Gökhan Halici

An unidentified pitfall of Endobutton use: case report

We report a case study of a patient who underwent bone–patellar tendon–bone ACL reconstruction using an Endobutton. Although the fact that the Endobutton did not pass outside the femoral cortex was realized after the operation, Lachmans test was negative. The Endobutton appeared to hang onto the femoral tunnel as an anchor, and it was decided to observe rather than intervene. One year later no laxity had developed, and a second-look arthroscopy showed a good ligament reconstruction. Although it is quite easy to perform, Endobutton fixation in ACL surgery requires that maximum care be taken to ensure that the Endobutton has flipped.

Septic arthritis in patients followed-up in neonatal intensive care unit

Background : Septic arthritis is an uncommon, but serious disorder in neonates. Most patients survive with permanent handicaps. Due to the rarity of this condition in neonates and paucity of signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of septic arthritis in newborns is more difficult than in older children.

Mid-term results of the elastic intramedullary nailing in paediatric long bone shaft fractures: a prospective study of 102 cases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of a large series of paediatric patients with long bone shaft fractures who were treated with elastic intramedullary nailing. Between November 2009 and November 2010, 108 long bone shaft fractures in 102 patients were treated with elastic intramedullary nails. The number of nails used, admission time, nail diameter/medullary canal diameter ratio of the nontraumatized extremity, weeks until radiological consolidation, weeks until full weight bearing for the femur and tibia shaft fractures, weeks until the nails were removed, number of radiographs from the diagnosis time to the removal time of nail(s), clinical complications and radiological results were recorded; the union rate, time to union, nonunion, delayed union, malrotation, malalignment, follow-up time and functional outcomes (Flynn outcome scoring) were also recorded. The mean follow-up time was 22.2 (14–30) months. The mean age of the patients was 9.6 (6–15) years for all cases. The mean nail removal time for all cases was 19.2 (17–29) weeks. Eighteen patients developed complications: six had insufficient reductions; two had refractures; four developed a deep infection; one had delayed union that needed revision; two had lower extremity length discrepancies of more than 15 mm; and three had skin impingements. The mean admission time was 19 (6–32) h; the mean number of radiographs from the diagnosis time to the removal time of nail(s) was 14 (8–20) for each fracture. All patients showed excellent or satisfactory results according to Flynn’s criteria. The mean time to full weight bearing for the femur and tibia shaft fractures was 62.4 (52–88) days. A nail diameter/medullary canal diameter ratio of over 0.4 showed good results; short union time, less lower extremity length discrepancy and less malalignment were recorded. When patients were informed about possible complications as well as the advantages, almost all chose the operative approach. According to our experience and opinion, elastic intramedullary nailing is the best choice for diaphyseal fractures in children with skeletal immaturity compared with other surgical choices such as osteosynthesis with a plate.

Intrapelvic pin migration after Salter innominate osteotomy and laparoscopic removal: a case report.

Although there are many methods for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip, Salter innominate osteotomy is a surgical technique presently used successfully worldwide. However, several complications can be found after Salter innominate osteotomy. Kirschner (K) wire migration into the pelvic cavity is not a common occurrence and is also rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report the case of a patient who was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with acute abdominal pain because of K wire migration into the pelvis. We recommend bending the proximal end of the K wires or using threaded K wires to prevent this complication.

Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycetes) in Turkey. 1. – Some records from Turkey

Abstract: Thirty-seven taxa of Teloschistaceae were identified from samples collected in continental areas of Turkey. Based on previous studies, Caloplaca cerina, C. crenulatella, C. ferrarii, C. haematites and C. variabilis are considered here as heterogeneous taxa. Some poorly characterised lichens were determined with the support of their ITS nrDNA sequences. According to Blast searches, examined samples resembling C. albopruinosa and C. alociza do not group with any known taxa of Caloplaca with endolithic thallus and without anthraquinones. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to show the identities of some specimens of Caloplaca ferrarii and C. marmorata. Caloplaca haematites and some samples of C. marmorata from continental Turkey differ considerably from European populations in their phenotype. Caloplaca chelyae and C. schoeferi are similar taxa differing mainly in their ecology. Caloplaca adelphoparasitica, C. chelyae, C. conversa, C. ferrarii s. lat., C. ferrugineoides, C. interfulgens, C. juniperina, C. polycarpoides and C. sororicida are new to Turkey. The lichenicolous lichen Verrucula biatorinaria hosted by Caloplaca biatorina is also new to Turkey.

Teuvoa , a new lichen genus in Megasporaceae (Ascomycota: Pertusariales ), including Teuvoa junipericola sp. nov.

The relationship of Aspicilia uxoris within Megasporaceae is assessed within a phylogenetic context. ‘ Aspicilia ’ uxoris and other related species are recovered as sister to the genus Lobothallia s. str. and described here as a new genus. Teuvoa (Ascomycota, Megasporaceae ) is erected based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequence data and morphological characters. In addition to Teuvoa uxoris , a second species, T. junipericola, is added to the new genus based on material collected from North America. Teuvoa junipericola, T. uxoris and T. tibetica form a group with 8-spored asci, absence of extrolites, rather short-sized conidia and ascospores, lack of a subhypothecial algal layer, and different substratum preferences (on organic substratum) with a sister relationship to genus Lobothallia s. lat. ( Aspicilia subgenus Pachyothallia Clauzade & C. Roux). Based on spore measurements of the holotypes, Lecanora ferganensis Tomin from central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), Lecanora atrodiscata Gintovt, from Tajikistan and Lecanora takyroides Dzhur. from Turkmenistan are new synonyms to T. uxoris . A lectotype for Lecanora ferganensis is designated, expanding the known distribution of T. uxoris from Algeria, Morocco and Spain, into Central Asia.

Characterisation of α-chitin extracted from a lichenised fungus species Xanthoria parietina

Lichens are symbiotic associations formed mainly by ascomycete fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria. The presence of chitin in the fungal cell wall has been revealed by previous studies. Considering the presence of fungi in the lichens, this work determines the presence of chitin in a cosmopolitan lichen species Xanthoria parietina. In this study, chitin was derived from a lichen species for the first time and its physicochemical properties were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The dry weight chitin content of X. parietina was 4.23%, and this chitin was in the α-form. The crystalline index value of the lichen chitin was calculated as 70.1%. The chitin from X. parietina had a smooth surface.

RAPD and ISSR markers indicate high genetic variation within Lobathallia radiosa in Turkey

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) methods were used for investigating genetic variation within L. radiosa and for delimiting species within the genus Lobothallia. Ten RAPD and 11 ISSR primers produced a total of 261 and 260 reproducible bands, respectively, and all of which were polymorphic for the two markers, suggesting high genetic variability within L. radiosa. Genetic distances between the samples of L. radiosa for the RAPD and ISSR analyses ranged from 51 to 93% and from 56 to 92%, respectively. The average was 71.2% for the RAPD markers while it was 80.4% for the ISSR markers. Although a high number of sample-specific bands (31 for RAPD and 16 for ISSR) were seen in L. radiosa, no species-specific band was observed. The RAPD-based dendrogram clustered the samples of L. alphoplaca into one group except for the samples from Kayseri and Nigde, whereas it divided the samples of L. radiosa into two main groups. On the other hand, the ISSR-based dendrogram resulted in four main groups. While the first main group included the three samples of L. alphoplaca, the other three main groups consisted of the samples of L. radiosa. Both RAPD- and ISSR-based dendrograms partially grouped the samples of L. radiosa and L. alphoplaca based on their geographical origins.

Three New, Seemingly-Cryptic Species in the Lichen Genus Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) Distinguished in Two-Phase Phenotype Evaluation

We describe three new, seemingly-cryptic species in the lichen genus Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) with black apothecia. Those species, separated in nrITS and β-tubulin DNA phylogenies, appeared to be phenotypically indistinguishable. We looked for their phenotypic differences using a two-phase method comprised of a preliminary examination in which diagnostic value of all available characters was evaluated using a small number of samples and potentially-diagnostic characters were selected, and a subsequent detailed study in which characters selected in the first phase were tested using more samples. We found 19 diagnostic characters (continuous and discrete) of which four continuous and three discrete characters could be considered “fully diagnostic”, i.e. allowing for correct identification of at least one species. Hence, the three species are not cryptic, but can be distinguished phenotypically. Here, they are formally described as Caloplaca micromarina Frolov, Khodos. & Vondrák sp. nova, C. micromontana Frolov, Wilk & Vondrák sp. nova and C. microstepposa Frolov, Nadyeina, Khodos. & Vondrák sp. nova.

Zwackhiomyces turcicus sp. nov. ( Ascomycota , Xanthopyreniaceae ) from Turkey

Zwackhiomyces turcicus is described as new from the thallus of Physcia magnussonii from southern Turkey. The new species produces one of the largest ascomata in the genus and is easily differentiated from Z. physciicola (described from Physcia caesia) by its larger verruculose ascospores and thinner interascal filaments.