Mehmet Ilkay Kosar

The Efficacy of Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, and Retinoic Acid on Rat Endometriosis Model

Blood vessels are necessary for development and maintenance of the endometriosis and blood flow supplies oxygen and essential nutrient to the disease. Local angiogenesis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibitors of VEGF may be a novel therapeutic approach. We inducted endometriosis in 43 rats and they were randomly allocated into 4 groups. The rats in group I (control n = 11) were given no medication. The rats in group II (n = 11) were given bevacizumab. The rats in group III (n = 11) were given Sorafenib, and the rats in group IV (n = 10) were given retinoic acid (RA). Then groups were compared for microvessel density, VEGF, soluble tyrosine-kinase receptor, ovarian reserve, and treatment effectivity. All these medications were effective on endometriosis and we detected that volume of endometriotic implants were significantly decreased. Ovarian reserve was not affected from the medication, in addition RA have induced reproductive capacity.

Diploe thickness and cranial dimensions in males and females in mid-Anatolian population: an MRI study.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study is the classification of the thickness of diploe and dimensions of cranium at different points of cranium in men and women according to age groups. MATERIAL AND METHOD In the radiology archive, measurements were made at different points in magnetic resonance (MR) images of 305 (188 females and 117 males) patients, the average ages of whom were 40.98±20.44 (age range: 4-90) and who had no disorder of the bones. To determine diploe thickness, midfrontal, back and front bregma, lambda, opisthocranion and euryon points were used in the measurement. As for the determination of cranial volume, distances between glabella-opisthocranion, basion-vertex, basion-opisthion, euryon-euryon, nasion-basion, nasion-bregma, bregma-lambda and lambda-opisthocranion were measured. The data were loaded to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 program. T-test, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis were used in the statistical assessment. Results with a p value smaller than 0.05 were accepted as significant. RESULTS There was a statistically significant positive correlation between age and diploe thickness in all measurement points. The diploe thickness was also increased with age (p<0.05). In all points, average diploe thickness was higher in age 61 and over than the other groups (p<0.001). At the same time, diploe thickness in parietal bones was lower than frontal and occipital bones in both sexes. According to craniometric results cranium in males was bigger (p<0.001). While the distance between glabella-opisthocranion increased in both sexes aged 61 and over, basion-vertex height decreased in women in the same group (p<0.05). Interestingly, there was no meaningful statistical difference among age groups in terms of maximum cranial width (p>0.05). Foramen magnum length decreased related to age in both men and women (p<0.001). CONCLUSION These results related to diploe thickness and cranium dimension may be leading in the determination of sex and age; surgical interventions to the cranium and bone graft choice may increase the reliability of the operation.

Determination of Lateral Ventricle and Brain Volume in Children with Stereological Method Using MRI

Aunque el desarrollo del cerebro es mas activo durante el periodo de la vida intrauterina, los procesos de mielinizacion y arborizacion afectan a la estructura del cerebro durante la infancia y la adolescencia. El desarrollo del cerebro es activo en los primeros anos de la vida, y sigue siendo asi durante unos 15 anos despues de la gestacion. Cambios volumetricos en el cerebro son afectados segun el sexo. La comprension de la variabilidad del volumen del cerebro humano durante el desarrollo es importante para la interpretacion de los estudios de neuroimagen en la infancia. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar, a traves de resonancia nuclear magnetica, los efectos de las diferencias de sexo en el volumen cerebral (VC), en el volumen del ventriculo lateral (VL) y la relacion porcentual de los volumenes del cerebro y del ventriculo lateral (% VLVC) de 90 ninos sanos entre 6-17 anos de edad, en ambos sexos. Los ninos fueron divididos en tres grupos de edad: 6-9, 10-13 y 14-17. El VC y el VL se calcularon utilizando el principio de Cavalieri, ademas de la relacion porcentual RLBV. El VC del grupo 6-9 anos fue significativamente menor que el de los otros dos grupos (p 0,05). El promedio general del grupo VL de 6-9 anos fue mayor que los otros dos, sin diferencia significativa entre ambos sexos. El VC siguio aumentando hasta los 10-13 anos en ambos sexos. Mientras LV aumento hasta los 10-13 anos de edad en los ninos, se observo en las ninas una relacion negativa con cambios de BV.

Absence of the Arteria Profunda Femoris

circumflexus femoris medialis and a. circumflexus femoris lateralis emerged from a. profunda femoris. In the third case it was detected that at left low extremity a. profunda femoris did not exist, and at right low extremity a. circumflexus femoris lateralis emerged from a. p rofunda femoris, and a. circumflexus femoris medialis emerged from a. femoralis. In the fourth case at left low extremity there was no a. profunda f emoris and at right low extremity it was seen that at a. profunda femoris and a. femoralis were in unsteady course. The absence of a. profunda femo ris had 0,4%. The results were discussed by comparing with literature data.

Sağda çift arteria renalis ve çift vena renalis olgusu

SUMMARY Renal arteries originate from the abdominal aorta at the level of the intervertebral disc between the first and the second lumbar vertebrae. Renal veins following leaving the kidney, drain to inferior vena cava. Since its embriological development shows complexity, anatomy of the kidney’s vessels are variational. It has been observed that renal arteries have anomalies related with the number, origin, courses and branches at the clinical and cadaveric studies. It has been reported variations of the renal artery which directly originated from abdominal aorta as more than one branch; two (10-12%) and three branches (1%) and directly oriented to renal hilum. Supernumerary anomalies of the renal veins observed less than renal arteries number anomalies. In this study during the routine educational dissections, it is observed double renal arteries and veins on a-54-year-old female cadaver. It measured the distance between the renal veins and their opening to inferior vena cava as 1.90 cm. Arteries originated from abdominal aorta and their origins’ distances to coeliac trunk were 1.80 cm and 2.75 cm respectively. In addition, it is detected that right ovarian vein drained into lower renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. This study is presented, considering the clinical significance of the supernumerary vessels of the kidney, besides discussing basis of embriological development by comparing other related literature. Key Words : Renal artery, renal vein, variation, cadaver. OZET SAĞDA CIFT ARTERIA RENALIS VE CIFT VENA RENALIS OLGUSU Arteria renalis’ler lumbal birinci ve ikinci vertebralar arasindaki diskus seviyesinde, aorta abdominalis’in yan yuzlerinden sagli sollu birer sayida cikarlar. Vena renalis’ler ise her iki bobrekten baslayip hemen hemen dik bir aciyla vena cava inferior’a dokulurler. Kompleks bir embriyolojik gelisim gostermesinden dolayi, bobrek damarlarinin anatomisi oldukca varyasyon gosterir. Arteria renalis’lerin orijin, sayi ve dallanma anomalilerine sahip olabilecekleri kadavra diseksiyonlarinda ve klinik calismalarda gosterilmistir. Dogrudan aorta’dan birden fazla sayida cikip direkt hilum renale’ye giden iki (% 10-12) ve uc sayida (% 1) a. renalis varyasyonlari bildirilmistir. Renal venlerin sayi anomalileri ise renal arterlerden daha az oranda gorulmektedir. Rutin diseksiyonlar esnasinda, 54 yasinda bir kadin kadavra da sagda cift a. v. renalis’ler goruldu. Venae renalis’lerin; v. cava inferior’a acildigi nokta itibariyle aralarinda 1,90 cm’lik uzaklik olculdu. Arterler truncus coeliacus’dan sirasiyla 1.80 cm ve 2.75 cm uzaklikta aorta abdominalis’den ayrilmislardi. Ayrica v. ovarica dextra’nin v.cava inferior yerine, alttaki v.renalis’e acildigi tespit edildi. Bu olgudaki renal damarlarin sayi anomalileri, klinik onemi de dikkate alinarak, embriyolojik temeliyle birlikte literatur bilgileriyle karsilastirilarak sunuldu. Anahtar Kelimeler: A. Renalis, V. Renalis, varyasyon, kadavra