Mehmet Yasar

Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and medical ozone therapy in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Objectives: Our aims were to evaluate the efficacy of ozone therapy (OT) in an experimental rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and to compare its effects with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in this entity. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated, ANP, ANP + HBO, and ANP + OT groups. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by infusing 1-mL/kg 3% sodium taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Hyperbaric oxygen was administered twice daily at a 2.8-atm pressure for 90 minutes. Ozone therapy was set as daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.7-mg/kg ozone/oxygen gas mixture. Hyperbaric oxygen and OT were continued for 3 days after the induction of ANP. The surviving animals were killed at the fourth day, and their pancreases were harvested for biochemical, microbiological, and histopathologic analyses. Results: Serum amylase/lipase and neopterin levels and tissue oxidative stress parameters were similar to shams values in both the ANP + HBO and the ANP + OT groups. Histopathologic injury scores were significantly lower in the treatments groups than in the ANP group. When compared with the ANP group, the number of infected rats was significantly lesser in the ANP + HBO and the ANP + OT groups. Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen and OT reduce the severity and the mortality in the experimental rat model of ANP, and a greater benefit was received for OT comparing with HBO.

Comparison of hyperbaric oxygen and medical ozone therapies in a rat model of experimental distal colitis

Abstract Objectives. Previous studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is effective in reducing the severity of acute distal colitis (ADC). Ozone therapy (OT) reduces inflammation in several pathological conditions. We aimed to compare the effects of HBO therapy and OT in an experimental ADC rat model. Materials and methods. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, ADC, ADC + HBO, and ADC + OT. Rats in the sham group were given isotonic saline. In the remaining groups, ADC was created by intracolonic administration of 4% acetic acid. No treatment was given to the ADC group. The rats in the ADC + HBO and ADC + OT groups were given HBO and ozone treatments, respectively. The administration of acetic acid caused an inflammatory response in all animals. Distal colons and blood samples were obtained. Results. The histopathological score was significantly higher in the ADC group compared to the other groups. The histopathological scores in the ADC + HBO and ADC + OT groups were significantly lower compared to the ADC group (both p < 0.001). The most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed in the ADC + OT group. Malondialdehyde and neopterin levels and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the ADC group were significantly higher compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our data showed that the therapeutic effect of OT is more pronounced than that of HBO therapy. Its possible effect is by means of decreasing inflammation, edema, and oxidative stress. These findings also suggest that it is possible to improve the outcome of ADC by using ozone therapy as an adjuvant therapy.

Comparison of GlideScope video laryngoscope and intubating laryngeal mask airway with direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation.

The aim of this study was to determine whether GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) and intubating laryngeal mask airway (i-LMA) improve the intubation success rate and could be easily learned and performed by paramedic students when compared with the direct laryngoscopic (DL) method. The study was designed as a prospective randomized crossover trial that included 121 paramedic students. All participants were asked to intubate each Ambu Airway Management Trainer manikins after the lecture and demonstration. Successful intubation was defined as the passage of the tube through the vocal cord within 60 s. At the end of the study, a questionnaire survey was given to all participants about their preferences, and they were requested to define each method on an easy–difficult scale. Successful intubation was achieved by 95 students (78.5%) with DL, 112 students (92.6%) with i-LMA, and 111 students (91.7%) with GVL. Mean time of intubation was 25.06±14 s for DL, 22.32±12 s for i-LMA, and 22.63±10 s for GVL. Success rates of i-LMA and GVL were significantly higher compared with DL (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). No significant difference was determined between i-LMA and GVL in terms of successful intubation (P>0.05). This study showed that GVL and i-LMA provided better intubation success rates and were easier for paramedic students when compared with the classic DL method.

Pentraxin 3 as a potential biomarker of acetaminophen-induced liver injury.

OBJECTIVE Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) can lead to severe liver injury in humans and experimental animals. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is produced and released by several cell types. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether PTX-3 is a potential biomarker in the identification of APAP-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, APAP-1 and APAP-2 groups. APAP-1 (1 g/kg) and APAP-2 (2 g/kg) group rats were given APAP by gastric tube. Liver tissues and blood samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Biochemical parameters, plasma and liver PTX-3 levels and degree of liver necrosis were measured in all groups. RESULTS APAP treatments caused necrosis in liver and accompanied by elevated liver PTX-3 levels after 48 h. In APAP-1 and APAP-2 groups when compared with control group (7.5±3.3 ng/mg protein), mean liver PTX-3 concentrations were 14.1±3.0 (p=0.032) and 28.5±8.2 (p<0.001) ng/mg protein, respectively. All rats (100%) in the APAP-2 group had the degree 3 liver necrosis. However 10%, 40% and 50% of rats had the degree 1, the degree 2 and the degree 3 liver necrosis in the APAP-1 group, respectively. The degrees of liver necrosis of the APAP-1 and APAP-2 groups were higher than the group of control (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PTX-3 may have a role in the APAP-induced liver injury in the rats. The elevated liver PTX-3 in the APAP-induced hepatic necrosis might be a marker of acute histological liver damage. Further prospective studies are necessary to clarify the prognostic value of liver PTX-3 for prediction of histological hepatic necrosis in the APAP-induced liver injury.

The levels of nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the rat endometriosis model

Aim:  To investigate the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in all the rat endometriosis models.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition modulates experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis-induced oxidative stress, bacterial translocation and neopterin concentrations in rats

Various studies have been performed to find out novel treatment strategies for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is shown to reduce inflammation in several pathological conditions. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of benzamide, a PARP inhibitor, in an experimental model of ANP. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated, ANP and ANP + benzamide groups. All groups except the sham-operated group were subjected to the ANP procedure, induced by infusing of 1 mL/kg of 3% sodium taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. The ANP + benzamide group received 100 mg/kg/day benzamide intraperitoneally for a total of three days after induction of pancreatitis. The surviving animals were killed at the fourth day and the pancreas was harvested for biochemical, microbiological and histological analysis. Blood samples were also obtained from the animals. In the ANP group, a significant increase was observed in concentrations of serum amylase and neopterin and tissue oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Almost all of these changes were found to be reversed to near their normal values in the ANP + benzamide group. Histological injury scores were significantly higher in the ANP group than in the sham group (P < 0.05, ANP versus sham), and were significantly lower in the ANP + benzamide group than in the ANP group (P < 0.05, ANP + benzamide versus ANP). Evaluation of bacterial translocation identified significantly fewer infected sites in the ANP + benzamide group than in the ANP animals (P < 0.01). We observed that inhibition of PARP with benzamide reduced the severity, the mortality, the bacterial translocation rates and the neopterin concentrations in an experimental ANP model in rats. These findings suggest that it may be possible to improve the outcome of ANP by using PARP inhibitors.

The protective effects of taurine on experimental acute pancreatitis in a rat model

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of taurine (Tau) on experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) in a rat model by measuring cytokines and oxidant stress markers. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, AP, Tau and AP + Tau. AP was induced with sodium taurocholate. No treatment was given to the AP. All rats were killed 5 days later. Pancreatic tissues of rats and blood samples were obtained. Tau treatment significantly decreased serum amylase activity (p < 0.001), total injury score (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the Tau and AP + Tau groups in serum and pancreatic tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels (p = 1.000). Histopathologic scores in the AP + Tau and Tau groups were significantly lower compared with the AP group (both p < 0.001). These results showed that Tau reduces lipid peroxidation, amylase and MPO activities and the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines secondary to AP and also increases superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rats with sodium taurocholate-induced AP. It also has a marked ameliorative effect at histopathologic lesions. With these effects, Tau protects the cells from oxidative damage, reduces inflammation and promotes regression of pancreatic damage.

Efficacy of melatonin, mercaptoethylguanidine and 1400W in doxorubicin- and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity.

Abstract:  Doxorubicin (DOX) and Trastuzumab (TRAST) are effective agents for the treatment of many neoplastic diseases. Cardiotoxicity is a major side effect of these drugs and limit their use. In this study, the possible protective effects of melatonin (MEL), mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), or N‐(3‐(aminomethyl) benzyl) acetamidine (1400W) against the cardiotoxicity of DOX and TRAST were tested. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats received an injection of DOX (20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with TRAST (10 mg/kg) to induce cardiotoxicity; daily treatments with MEL (10 mg/kg × 2), MEG (10 mg/kg × 2), or 1400W (10 mg/kg × 2) were begun 36 hr before and continued for 72 hr after DOX and TRAST administration. Oxidant/antioxidant indices of the cardiac tissue, namely, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), as well as serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CK‐MB) were measured. Additionally, the injury scores were evaluated histopathologically. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher, while SOD and GSH‐Px activities were significantly reduced in rats with DOX‐ or DOX+TRAST‐induced cardiotoxicity compared to normal values. All three treatment agents significantly reversed oxidative stress markers. Serum CK‐MB levels were significantly increased after treatment with DOX and DOX+TRAST; these changes were also reversed by each of the treatments and resulted in near normal levels. Both the DOX‐ and DOX+TRAST‐treated rats presented similar histopathologic injuries; in the animals treated with the protective agents, histologic protection of the cardiac tissue was apparent. These results suggested that MEL, MEG, as well as 1400W are effective in preventing DOX‐ or DOX+TRAST‐induced cardiotoxicity.

Inhibition of iNOS reduces the therapeutic effects of ozone in acute necrotizing pancreatitis: An in vivo animal study

Abstract Objective. Previously, it was shown that ozone and S-methylthiourea (SMT) treatments had ameliorative effects on experimental models of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). It is possible that the combination of ozone and SMT may be more effective than either therapy. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with ozone and SMT in an experimental rat model of ANP. Material and methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five experimental groups. Groups were designed as Sham-operated, ANP, ANP + Ozone, ANP + SMT and ANP + Ozone + SMT. A model of ANP was induced by injection of sodium taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Four days after induction, blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical, microbiological and histopathological analysis. Results. Survival rates, serum amylase, lipase and neopterin levels, tissue oxidative stress parameters, bacterial translocation and tissue injury scores were better in the ozone and SMT groups than in the ANP group. There was no bacterial translocation in the ozone-treated groups. Tissue injury scores in the ozone group were better compared to all ANP induced groups. Ozone and SMT treatment in combination did not have better biochemical, microbiological and histological data compared to ozone or SMT treatments separately in experimental ANP. Conclusions. The combination of ozone and SMT did not provide any therapeutic advantage in ANP possibly because SMT inhibited nitric oxide synthesis which was needed for ozone action.

Anterior rectal duplication cyst lined by respiratory epithelium in an adult: TRUS, CT and MRI findings

Abstract Rectal duplication cyst is a very rare congenital anomaly. It is usually observed early in the life. A 21-year-old male had anterior rectal duplication cyst lined by respiratory epithelium, which is extremely rare type of the lining epithelial. We present typically radiologic images (TRUS, CT and MRI) of anterior rectal duplication cyst. The competence of TRUS in the diagnosis of this uncommon condition and differential diagnosis are discussed.