Meishan Li

Changes of phenolic-acids and vitamin E profiles on germinated rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) treated by high hydrostatic pressure

This study was performed to investigate changes in the phenolic acid and vitamin E profiles of germinated rough rice following high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HPT). Rough rice was germinated at 37°C for two days and subjected to 0.1, 10, 30, 50, and 100MPa pressures for 24h. The total phenolic acid content increased from 85.37μg/g at 0.1MPa to 183.52μg/g at 100MPa. The highest gallic acid (4.29μg/g), catechin (9.55μg/g), p-coumaric acid (8.36μg/g), ferulic acid (14.99μg/g), salicylic acid (14.88μg/g), naringin (6.18μg/g), trans-cinnamic acid (45.23μg/g), and kaempferol (40.95μg/g) contents occurred in the sample treated at 100MPa after germination. The maximum vitamin E content of about 2.56 (BG) and 4.34mg/100g (AG) were achieved at 30MPa. These result suggest that a combination of HPT and germination are efficient method for enhancement of functionality in rough rice, and clarify the influence of HPT conditions on the vitamin E and phenolic acid in germination rough rice.

Free and bound form bioactive compound profiles in germinated black soybean (Glycine max L.)

This study investigated the transition between the free and bound forms of functional compounds in germinated black soybean. Black soybean was germinated at 25°C over 6 days and then the free and bound forms of functional compounds were extracted. Total free polyphenol, flavonoid, and phenolic acid contents in raw black soybean increased from 1.03 mg GAE/g, 0.29 mg CE/g, and 315.67 μg/g to 1.44mg GAE/g, 0.64mg CE/g, and 511.01 μg/g, respectively, by 4 days after germination. Changes to phenolic acid compositions can be divided into four groups, and the germination process can convert compounds to phenolic acid via anabolism and catabolism. The highest total free isoflavone content in germinated black soybean (3,724.40 μg/g) was observed at 4 days. Bound polyphenol, flavonoid, phenolic acid, and isoflavone contents decreased as the germination period increased. These results suggest that the germination process increased compound functionality in black soybean.

Changes in the Functional Components of Barley Produced from Different Cultivars and Germination Periods

This study investigated the changes in the functional components of three cultivars (Kunalbori, Dahan, and Hinchalssalbori) over a 6 day germination period; these cultivars were selected because of their varied characteristics and applications. Barley produced from the cultivars was subjected to 6 days of germination. Germinated barley was analyzed for total polyphenol, total flavonoid, hordenine, total arabinoxylan, soluble arabinoxylan, γ-aminobutyric acid, and γ-oryzanol contents. The total polyphenol content increased with germination period, corresponding to 1.47–3.83, 1.41–3.42, and 1.59–2.82 mg/g in barley produced from the three cultivars, respectively. The corresponding total flavonoid contents were 0.35–0.44, 0.31–0.48, and 0.22–0.37 mg/g. The hordenine contents in the barley produced from the three cultivars increased from not detected for nongerminated barley to 1.52, 1.09, and 1.34 mg/100 g, respectively, at germination day 6. The γ-aminobutyric acid content significantly increased until germ...

The Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Ethanol Extracts Derived from Germinated Rough Rice (Oryza sativar L.) Treated by High Pressure

Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon Health Sciences CollegeAbstract We evaluated the enzyme inhibitory activity of germinated rough rice (Oryza sativar L.) treated by highpressure (30 MPa) for 24 h (HP24) and 48 h (HP48). In rice germinated for 1 day, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activityreached its highest level, 68.32%, at HP48. The α-amylase inhibitory activity increased from 32.66-57.00% at HP0, to43.67-74.82% at HP48. On the other hand, the inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme increased from 27.98%to 49.42% over the course of the second day of HP48. The inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase peaked of 67.51% atHP48 and subsequently decreased. Lipase inhibitory activity increased from 24.04-47.91% at HP0, to 29.62-64.63% atHP48. These results provide useful information for the use of germinated rough rice as a functional food material anddemonstrate that high-pressure treatment during the germination process efficiently increase enzyme inhibitory activity.Keywords: rough rice, germination, high-pressure treatment, enzyme inhibitory activity

Influence of organic acids and heat treatment on ginsenoside conversion

Background Heat treatments are applied to ginseng products in order to improve physiological activities through the conversion of ginsenosides, which are key bioactive components. During heat treatment, organic acids can affect ginsenoside conversion. Therefore, the influence of organic acids during heat treatment should be considered. Methods Raw ginseng, crude saponin, and ginsenoside Rb1 standard with different organic acids were treated at 130°C, and the chemical components, including ginsenosides and organic acids, were analyzed. Results The organic acid content in raw ginseng was 5.55%. Organic acids were not detected in crude saponin that was not subjected to heat treatment, whereas organic acids were found in crude saponin subjected to heat treatment. Major ginsenosides (Rb1, Re, and Rg1) in ginseng and crude saponin were converted to minor ginsenosides at 130°C; the ginsenoside Rb1 standard was very stable in the absence of organic acids and was converted into minor ginsenosides in the presence of organic acids at high temperatures. Conclusion The major factor affecting ginsenoside conversion was organic acids in ginseng. Therefore, the organic acid content as well as ginsenoside content and processing conditions should be considered important factors affecting the quality of ginseng products.

Comparison of functional components in various sweet potato leaves and stalks

The functional components of leaves and stalks from 14 sweet potato cultivars were investigated by determining lutein, β-carotene, chlorophyll, tannin and phenolic acid contents. It was found that the contents of the functional components in different cultivars differ significantly (p<0.05). Lutein, β-carotene and total chlorophyll contents were high in leaves and ranged from 19.01–28.85, 35.21–52.01 and 440.9–712.2 mg/100 g, respectively. The tannin and total phenolic acid contents of sweet potato leaves ranged from 2,280–4,460 and 2,640.2–4,200.9 mg/100 g, respectively. Significant correlations have been observed among cultivar, lutein, β-carotene, chlorophyll, and other antioxidants. The leaves of Healthymi cultivar contained the highest level of lutein, β-carotene and total chlorophyll, and Geonpungmi cultivar contained the highest level of the other antioxidant, among the all cultivars examined. Sweet potato leaves and stalks contain abundant functional components that make them potentially useful as fresh vegetables or processed foods.