Meleckidzedeck Khayesi

Road traffic injuries in Kenya: magnitude, causes and status of intervention

Road traffic crashes exert a huge burden on Kenya’s economy and health care services. Current interventions are sporadic, uncoordinated and ineffective. This report offers a descriptive analysis of secondary data obtained from a variety of published literature and unpublished reports. Over three thousand people are killed annually on Kenyan roads. A fourfold increase in road fatalities has been experienced over the last 30 years. More than 75% of road traffic casualties are economically productive young adults. Pedestrians and passengers are the most vulnerable; they account for 80% of the deaths. Buses and matatus * Matatus are small-scale public transport vehicles in Kenya. These vehicles are important in public transport but they flagrantly violate traffic rules. are the vehicles most frequently involved in fatal crashes. Characteristics of crashes vary considerably between urban and rural settings: pedestrians are more likely to be killed in urban areas, whereas passengers are the majority killed on intercity highways that transverse rural settings. Road safety interventions have not made any measurable impact in reducing the numbers, rates and consequences of road crashes. Despite the marked increase in road crashes in Kenya, little effort has been made to develop and implement effective interventions. Impediments to road traffic injury prevention and control include ineffective coordination, inadequate resources and qualified personnel, and limited capacity to implement and monitor interventions. There is need to improve the collection and availability of accurate data to help in recognising traffic injury as a priority public health problem, raising awareness of policymakers on existing effective countermeasures and mobilizing resources for implementation. Establishment of an effective lead agency and development of stakeholder coalitions to address the problem are desirable.

Pedestrian Safety and the Built Environment : A Review of the Risk Factors

Urban and regional planning has a contribution to make toward improving pedestrian safety, particularly in view of the fact that about 273,000 pedestrians were killed in road traffic crashes in 2010. The road is a built environments that should enhance safety and security for pedestrians, but this ideal is not always the case. This article presents an overview of the evidence on the risks that pedestrians face in the built environment. This article shows that design of the roadway and development of different land uses can either increase or reduce pedestrian road traffic injury. Planners need to design or modify the built environment to minimize risk for pedestrians.

Road safety in Africa

Is part of the broader development process > We must now use every day to act on road safety, and implement effective sustainable action to prevent injury and death on the worlds roads. Dr Lee Jong-wook, director-general, World Health Organization T he World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention notes that political will and commitment are important for sustainable prevention of road traffic injuries.1 Development agencies need to place road safety in Africa and elsewhere at the centre of the global agenda along with the institutional, political, economic, and social issues which make roads so dangerous. For example, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in September 2002 did not include a single item on road safety—a growing problem in Africa and other low income and middle income countries—on its agenda, declaration, or plan of action.2 Africas economic and social conditions began to deteriorate in the 1970s and have …

Time to prioritise safe walking

This study draws on information from two recently published documents on pedestrian safety and global status of road safety to draw attention to the need to prioritize safe walking in planning and policy at local, national and international levels. The study shows that each year, more than 270 000 pedestrians lose their lives on the worlds roads. The study argues that this situation need not persist because proven pedestrian safety interventions exist but do not attract the merit they deserve in many locations. The study further shows that the key risk factors for pedestrian road traffic injury such as vehicle speed, alcohol use by drivers and pedestrians, lack of infrastructure facilities for pedestrians and inadequate visibility of pedestrians are fairly well documented. The study concludes that pedestrian collisions, like all road traffic crashes, should not be accepted as inevitable because they are, in fact, both predictable and preventable. While stressing that reduction or elimination of risks faced by pedestrians is an important and achievable policy goal, the study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive, holistic approach that includes engineering, enforcement and education measures.

Sustainable development footprint: a framework for assessing sustainable development risks and opportunities in time and space

This paper elaborates a framework, the sustainable development footprint, that can be used to assess progress in sustainable development in space and time. The framework views sustainability as consisting of the entire stock of its capital (natural and derived) and the rate of use of this stock to develop human (or other types) capital relative to the rates of regeneration of its capital stocks. The framework discusses three key forms of capital: economic, natural and human. The paper uses the framework to analyse variation in sustainable development status among 35 countries. The results show that sustainable development status, in particular its opportunities and risks, varies in relation to dynamics in economic, environmental and human capital. This framework provides a tool that nations, cities and other administrative units can use to evaluate their sustainability progress from time to time, in order to direct their resources and development in a manner that is supportive of the goals of sustainable development. The framework and illustration are potentially useful to decision makers and researchers making efforts to maximise the opportunities and minimise the risks as they advance sustainable development in international, national and local contexts.

Encountering African Rural Development Planning

This chapter begins by providing a brief overview of the African rural development planning landscape. A definition of rural development follows as does a justification for the choice of themes presented. The approach adopted to prepare this book is spelt out in detail and a brief outline summary of the findings of each chapter is given.

Save LIVES technical package: 22 interventions that could make a difference

The Save LIVES: a road safety technical package was produced and launched in May 2017 by the WHO to support road safety decision makers and practitioners in their efforts to significantly reduce the number of road traffic deaths in their countries. This Special Feature explains the process used to develop the package and how and why the 22 interventions were included. It concludes by encouraging researchers and practitioners to tailor their road safety packages to their own realities by following five practical steps.