Mercedes Sanaú

COORDINATION BEHAVIOR OF SULFATHIAZOLE. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CU(SULFATHIAZOLE) (PY)3CL SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY

Abstract The preparation, spectroscopic, magnetic properties, and crystal structure of [Cu(stzxpy) 3 Cl] (stz − stands for the deprotonated form of sulfathiazole, 4-amino-N-2-thiazolylbencenosulfonamide) are reported. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbca, with cell constants a = 15.834(2), b = 17.512(4), and c = 18.79(2) A, and Z = 8. The structure was solved and refined to R = 0.041 (R W = 0.040). The structure consists of mononuclear units linked via hydrogen bonds to form the tridimensional pyramid. The geometry of CuN3N*NCl chromophore is distorted square-pyramid. The superoxide-dismutase mimetic activity of the compound is measured and compared with those of the SOD enzyme, the free drug, and other related sulfathiazole complexes.

Potential Anticancer Heterometallic Fe–Au and Fe–Pd Agents: Initial Mechanistic Insights

A series of gold(III) and palladium(II) heterometallic complexes with new iminophosphorane ligands derived from ferrocenylphosphanes [{Cp-P(Ph2)═N-Ph}2Fe] (1), [{Cp-P(Ph2)═N-CH2-2-NC5H4}2Fe] (2), and [{Cp-P(Ph2)═N-CH2-2-NC5H4}Fe(Cp)] (3) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Ligands 2 and 3 afford stable coordination complexes [AuCl2(3)]ClO4, [{AuCl2}2(2)](ClO4)2, [PdCl2(3)], and [{PdCl2}2(2)]. The complexes have been evaluated for their antiproliferative properties in human ovarian cancer cells sensitive and resistant to cisplatin (A2780S/R), in human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and in a nontumorigenic human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293T). The highly cytotoxic trimetallic derivatives M2Fe (M = Au, Pd) are more cytotoxic to cancer cells than their corresponding monometallic fragments. Moreover, these complexes were significantly more cytotoxic than cisplatin in the resistant A2780R and the MCF7 cell lines. Studies of the interactions of the trimetallic compounds with DNA and the zinc-finger protein PARP-1 indicate that they exert anticancer effects in vitro based on different mechanisms of actions with respect to cisplatin.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of water-soluble iminophosphorane ruthenium(II) compounds. A potential chemotherapeutic agent for triple negative breast cancer.

A series of organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes containing iminophosphorane ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Cationic compounds with chloride as counterion are soluble in water (70–100 mg/mL). Most compounds (especially highly water-soluble 2) are more cytotoxic to a number of human cancer cell lines than cisplatin. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that the cell death type for these compounds is mainly through canonical or caspase-dependent apoptosis, nondependent on p53, and that the compounds do not interact with DNA or inhibit protease cathepsin B. In vivo experiments of 2 on MDA-MB-231 xenografts in NOD.CB17-Prkdc SCID/J mice showed an impressive tumor reduction (shrinkage) of 56% after 28 days of treatment (14 doses of 5 mg/kg every other day) with low systemic toxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a quick absorption of 2 in plasma with preferential accumulation in the breast tumor tissues when compared to kidney and liver, which may explain its high efficacy in vivo.

Tandem β-Boration/Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds by Using a Single Palladium Complex To Catalyse Both Steps

Diphenyl(3-methyl-2-indolyl)phosphine (C(9)H(8)NPPh(2), 1) gives stable dimeric palladium(II) complexes that contain the phosphine in P,N-bridging coordination mode. On treating 1 with [Pd(O(2)CCH(3))(2)], the new complexes [Pd(mu-C(9)H(7)NPPh(2))(NCCH(3))](2) (2) or [Pd(mu-C(9)H(7)NPPh(2))(mu-O(2)CCH(3))](2) (3) were isolated, depending on the solvent used, acetonitrile or toluene, respectively. Further reaction of 3 with the ammonium salt of 1 led to the substitution of one carboxylate ligand to afford [Pd(mu-C(9)H(7)NPPh(2))(3)(mu-O(2)CCH(3))] (4), in which the bimetallic unit is bonded by three C(9)H(7)NPPh(2)(-) moieties and one carboxylate group. Using this methodology, [Pd(2)(mu-C(6)H(4)PPh(2))(2)(mu-C(9)H(7)NPPh(2))(mu-O(2)CCX(3))] (X=H (7); X=F (8)) were synthesised from the ortho-metalated compounds [Pd(C(6)H(4)PPh(2))(mu-O(2)CCX(3))](2) (X=H (5); X=F (6)). Complexes 3, 4, 7, and 8 have been found to be active in the catalytic beta-boration of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and ketones under mild reaction conditions. Hindrance of the carbonyl moiety has an influence on the reaction rate, but quantitative conversion was achieved in many cases. More remarkably, when aryl bromides were added to the reaction media, complex 7 induced a highly successful consecutive beta-boration/cross-coupling reaction with dimethyl acrylamide as the substrate (99% conversion, 89% isolated yield).

Cytotoxic Hydrophilic Iminophosphorane Coordination Compounds of d8 Metals. Studies of their Interactions with DNA and HSA

The synthesis and characterization of a new water-soluble N,N-chelating iminophosphorane ligand TPAN-C(O)-2-NC(5)H(4) (N,N-IM) (1) and its d(8) (Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II)) coordination complexes are reported. The structures of cationic [AuCl(2)(N,N-IM)]ClO(4) (2) and neutral [MCl(2)(N,N-IM)] M=Pd (3), Pt(4) complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction studies or by means of density-functional calculations. While the Pd and Pt compounds are stable in mixtures of DMSO/H(2)O over 4 days, the gold derivative (2) decomposes quickly to TPAO and previously reported neutral gold(III) compound [AuCl(2)(N,N-H)] 5 (containing the chelating N,N-fragment HN-C(O)-2-NC(5)H(4)). The cytotoxicities of complexes 2-5 were evaluated in vitro against human Jurkat-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. Pt (4) and Au compounds (2 and 5) are more cytotoxic than cisplatin to these cell lines and to cisplatin-resistant Jurkat sh-Bak cell lines and their cell death mechanism is different from that of cisplatin. All the compounds show higher toxicity against leukemia cells when compared to normal human T-lymphocytes (PBMC). The interaction of the Pd and Pt compounds with calf thymus and plasmid (pBR322) DNA is different from that of cisplatin. All compounds bind to human serum albumin (HSA) faster than cisplatin (measured by fluorescence spectroscopy). Weak and stronger binding interactions were found for the Pd (3) and Pt (4) derivatives by isothermal titration calorimetry. Importantly, for the Pt (4) compounds the binding to HSA was reversed by addition of a chelating agent (citric acid) and by a decrease in pH.

Auranofin and related heterometallic gold(I)–thiolates as potent inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains

A series of new heterometallic gold(I) thiolates containing ferrocenyl-phoshines were synthesized. Their antimicrobial properties were studied and compared to that of FDA-approved drug, auranofin (Ridaura), prescribed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. MIC in the order of one digit micromolar were found for most of the compounds against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and CA MRSA strains US300 and US400. Remarkably, auranofin inhibited S. aureus, US300 and US400 in the order of 150-300 nM. This is the first time that the potent inhibitory effect of auranofin on MRSA strains has been described. The effects of a selected heterometallic compound and auranofin were also studied in a non-tumorigenic human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293).

Synthesis of ruthenium(II) compounds with ortho-oxypyridinate ligands (hp). Crystal structure characterization of [Ru(η6-p-CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2)Cl(hp)]

Abstract The reaction of [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2]2 (p-cymene = p-CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2) with Nahp in THF yields [Ru(η6]-p-cymene)Cl(hp)] (1). The crystal structure of (1) has been determined by X-ray methods. (1) crystallizes in the space group Pbca, with a = 16.629(2), b = 10.201(3), c = 17.752(2) A. The compound contains one coordinated arene group, one chlorine and one hp group in a chelating coordination mode. The reaction of (1) with Aghp yields [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(hp)2] (2). The 13C NMR spectrum at - 70°C is consistent with a structure Ru(η6-p-cymene)(η2-hp)(η1-hp). At room temperature a rapid interconvertion between the two hp ligands occurs according to the observed 1H and 13C NMR spectra.

Titanocene–gold complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands inhibit growth of prostate, renal, and colon cancers in vitro

We report on the synthesis, characterization, and stability studies of new titanocene complexes containing a methyl group and a carboxylate ligand (mba = −OC(O)-p-C6H4-S−) bound to gold(I)–N-heterocyclic carbene fragments through the thiolate group: [(η5-C5H5)2TiMe(μ-mba)Au(NHC)]. The cytotoxicities of the heterometallic compounds along with those of novel monometallic gold–N-heterocyclic carbene precursors [(NHC)Au(mbaH)] have been evaluated against renal, prostate, colon, and breast cancer cell lines. The highest activity and selectivity and a synergistic effect of the resulting heterometallic species was found for the prostate and colon cancer cell lines. The colocalization of both titanium and gold metals (1:1 ratio) in PC3 prostate cancer cells was demonstrated for the selected compound 5a, indicating the robustness of the heterometallic compound in vitro. We describe here preliminary mechanistic data involving studies on the interaction of selected mono- and bimetallic compounds with plasmid (pBR322) used as a model nucleic acid and the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in PC3 prostate cancer cells. The heterometallic compounds, which are highly apoptotic, exhibit strong antimigratory effects on the prostate cancer cell line PC3.

Organometallic Titanocene–Gold Compounds as Potential Chemotherapeutics in Renal Cancer. Study of their Protein Kinase Inhibitory Properties

Early–late transition metal TiAu2 compounds [(η-C5H5)2Ti{OC(O)CH2PPh2AuCl}2] (3) and new [(η-C5H5)2Ti{OC(O)-4-C6H4PPh2AuCl}2] (5) were evaluated as potential anticancer agents in vitro against renal and prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds were significantly more effective than monometallic titanocene dichloride and gold(I) [{HOC(O)RPPh2}AuCl] (R = −CH2– 6, −4-C6H4– 7) derivatives in renal cancer cell lines, indicating a synergistic effect of the resulting heterometallic species. The activity on renal cancer cell lines (for 5 in the nanomolar range) was considerably higher than that of cisplatin and highly active titanocene Y. Initial mechanistic studies in Caki-1 cells in vitro coupled with studies of their inhibitory properties on a panel of 35 kinases of oncological interest indicate that these compounds inhibit protein kinases of the AKT and MAPKAPK families with a higher selectivity toward MAPKAPK3 (IC503 = 91 nM, IC505 = 117 nM). The selectivity of the compounds in vitro against renal cancer cell lines when compared to a nontumorigenic human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293T) and the favorable preliminary toxicity profile on C57black6 mice indicate that these compounds (especially 5) are excellent candidates for further development as potential renal cancer chemotherapeutics.

Mechanism of the acid-catalysed cyclometallation reaction of dirhodium(II) compounds with general formula [Rh2(O2CMe)(µ-O2CMe)2{(C6H4)PPh2}{P(C6H4X)}3}(OH2)]

Compounds of general formula [Rh2(O2CMe)(µ-O2CMe)2{(C6H4)PPh2}{P(C6H4X)3}(OH2)]2(X = H, p-Me, p-Cl, m-Me or m-Cl) have been prepared by photochemical reaction of the corresponding adduct [Rh2(µ-O2CMe)3{(C6H4)PPh2}{P(C6H4X)3}(HO2CMe)]1. These compounds contain one equatorial phosphine which undergoes a facile cyclometallation reaction, catalysed in the presence of protic acids, to give doubly metallated compounds [Rh2(µ-O2CMe)2{(C6H4)PPh2}{(XC6H3)P(C6H4X)2}(HO2CMe)2]3. The kinetics and mechanism of this cyclometallation have been studied in chloroform and toluene solutions. A mechanism in which protons facilitate loss of one of the acetate groups in the starting compounds is proposed. Preliminary experiments showed that the addition of phosphines enhances the cyclometallation rate. The mechanism is fully concerted with a highly ordered transition state as seen by the very negative activation entropies. The values obtained for the deuterium kinetic isotopic effect indicate that, for the acid-catalysed path, the transition state lies in a more advanced position on the reaction coordinate than for the thermal process. The gap between the isokinetic plots for the acid-catalysed and thermal reactions is ca. 20 kJmol–1.