Mere Erika Saito

Effects of intraarticular ropivacaine and morphine on lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis in horses

OBJECTIVE To compare the intraarticular (IA) analgesic effects of ropivacaine and morphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded cross-over design. ANIMALS Twelve healthy mixed breed horses between 8-15 years old. METHODS Synovitis was induced in the left radio-carpal joint with an injection of lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 055:B5). Six hours later, the horses were treated with an IA injection of 40 mg of ropivacaine (ROPI), 40 mg of morphine (MOR), 20 mg of ropivacaine added to 20 mg of morphine in saline (RM) or 4 mL of saline (SAL), as control. Analgesia was measured subjectively using a numerical rating scale, a simple descriptive scale, pain upon maximal flexion of the carpus and by the range of motion exhibited by the affected joint. Data are reported as mean +/- SD and were analyzed using anova. Blood and synovial data were analyzed by split plots in time with units (treatments: SAL, ROPI, MOR and RM) and subunits (times: T0-24), in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Mean comparisons were made by Tukeys test; differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Ropivacaine had a clinical analgesic effect with a relative short duration ( approximately 2.5 to 3.5 hours). Morphine had a slower onset of action than ROPI, but a stronger analgesic effect of longer duration. The RM showed an earlier onset of action than MOR and had a strong analgesic effect for the 24-hour post-injection period. All treatments caused a significant decrease in total nucleated cells compared with the control, 24 hours after administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Morphine alone or in combination with ropivacaine produced a strong analgesic effect of prolonged duration, which may offer pain relief for acute synovitis for at least 24 hours.

Sedative, hematologic and hemostatic effects of dexmedetomidine–butorphanol alone or in combination with ketamine in cats

Acute stress induced by physical restraint can interfere with the validity of laboratory findings. Sedation could minimize such stress. However, it is not known whether sedation can affect hematologic and hemostatic parameters in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hematologic and hemostatic parameters in domestic cats subjected to physical restraint in addition to one of two sedation protocols. In total, 50 cats were subjected to physical restraint and were then randomly divided into two groups of 25 animals, receiving dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg; DB group) or dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg; DBK group). The cats were assessed for acute stress, sedation level, onset of sedation and duration of sedation. Blood samples were collected after handling and after sedation. The complete blood count (CBC), platelet count, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), whole-blood clotting time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) were determined for each sample, before and after chemical restraint. No statistically significant differences were found in the hematologic parameters. Certain hemostatic parameters (PT, aPTT and TT) were higher in the DB group (P <0.05). The onset of sedation was similar in the two groups, and the duration of sedation was longer in the DBK group. Both sedation protocols were effective for short-duration chemical restraint for blood collection from the studied cats, and no clinically relevant effects on hematologic or hemostatic parameters were detected.

Metabolismo do ferro em equinos atletas

Iron participates in many vital functions, e.g. oxygen and electron transport, and DNA synthesis. Iron metabolism imbalances can be related to deficiency or overload; however, the deficiency is rare in adult horses. Despite this, breeders and veterinarians usually supplement horses with iron, aiming to improve athletic performance. Until now, no study proved that exercise induces iron deficiency in this species or that iron supplementation improves its performance. Diagnosis of iron deficiency or overload depends on a comprehensive laboratorial evaluation. Supplementation in horses without disabilities can induce excessive iron storage, with serious consequences for the animal. This study reviews the iron metabolism alterations in equine submitted to exercise, laboratorial methods for the evaluation of iron storage, and consequences of improper supplementation.

Transfer of passive immunity and serum proteinogram in the first six months of life of Criollo Lageano and black and white holstein calves

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the transfer of passive immunity and the proteinogram in Criollo Lageano (CL) and Black and White Holstein (BWH) calves. Two groups were utilized with 13 Criollo Lageano and 10 BWH calves. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total serum protein, electrophoresis of serum proteins, activity of the gamma glutamyl transferase, and concentration of IgG by the method of the zinc sulfate turbidity in periods between 24 and 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level, and correlations between variables were calculated. Variations of serum proteins followed a pattern of physiological behavior over the first six months of life and production of immunoglobulins was active earlier in BWH calves and slower in the Criollo Lageano, without causing any impact on their health. Gamma globulin in the first days of life (24-36h) was correlated with IgG (r=0.87 for CL and r=0.89 for BWH), PTS (r=0.91 for CL and r=0.92 for BWH), Glob (r=0.99 for CL and r=0.98 for BWH) and GGT (r=0.14 for CL and r=0.83 for BWH). It was concluded that there was no failure in the transfer of passive immunity in Criollo Lageano calves but this failure occurred in the BWH calves. IgG values estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity and serum proteins were considered good indicators of the transfer of passive immunity in calves between 24 and 36 hours of life.

Perfil bioquímico sérico de equinos clinicamente sadios da raça Campeiro

Amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 138 equinos registrados da raca Campeiro, com idade media de 9,7±5,4 anos, sendo 14 machos (10,15%) e 124 femeas (89,85%). Observaram-se valores medios da atividade serica de GGT: 13,73±4,08 U/L; AST: 246,34±72,87U/L; ALT: 5,13±1,18U/L; FA: 284,32±53,33UI/L; CK: 132,54±72,25U/L; LDH: 511,38±143,65U/L; e das concentracoes sericas de ureia: 38,65±12,62mg/dL e de creatinina: 1,24±0,24mg/dL. Os valores medios de AST, FA, ALT, ureia e creatinina foram semelhantes aos propostos na literatura para outras racas. Os valores de CK, GGT e LDH foram superiores aos comumente utilizados como referencias. Nao houve diferenca nas concentracoes de nenhum dos componentes sericos avaliados nas diferentes idades analisadas. Maiores valores medios nas concentracoes de ureia e menores de creatinina foram observados nas femeas em relacao aos machos, assim como a maior atividade serica de FA em femeas gestantes em relacao as eguas vazias. O perfil bioquimico serico de equinos sadios da raca Campeiro apresenta variacoes peculiares que devem ser levadas em consideracao na interpretacao de exames laboratoriais.

Resistência contra ectoparasitas em bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus avaliada em condições naturais

ABSTRACT.- Cardoso C.P., Silva B.F., Goncalves D.S., Tagliari N.J., Saito M.E. & Amarante A.F.T. 2014. [ Resistence against ectoparasites in CriouloLageano and crossbred An-gus cattle in southern Brazil under natural conditions. ] Resistencia contra ectopara-sitas em bovinos da raca Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus avaliada em condicoes naturais. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 34(2):141-146 . Companhia Integrada de Desen -volvimento Agricola de Santa Catarina, Rua Lauro Muller 936, Correia Pinto, SC 88535-000, Brazil. E-mail: cristinaperito@yahoo.com.brThis study was carried out to evaluate the breed resistance against ectoparasites infesta-tions in Crioula Lageana and crossbred Angus male calves under natural condition. Ten wea -ned and neutered male calves (6-8 months) of each group were kept together in winter and summer pastures in Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina State. Every 28 days, female ticks ( Rhipi-cephalus (Boophilus) microplus ) more than 4 mm long were counted on the right and left side of the body of each animal, as well as the

HEMATOLOGIC EVALUATION IN GUANS (PENELOPE OBSCURA) UNDER PHYSICAL RESTRAINT AND ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA

Abstract Hematology is an important health indicator in birds, but the stress from capture or anesthesia can cause alterations in blood count. This study aimed to evaluate the differences found in blood counts among guans (Penelope obscura) under physical restraint and anesthetized with isoflurane. Thirty-two free-range guans from the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) Park were enrolled in the study. After physical restraint, blood samples were obtained from the ulnar vein and placed in heparinized tubes. The birds were anesthetized with isoflurane and after 45 min, when the animals were still anesthetized, a blood sample from the jugular vein was collected. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, and the differences were analyzed with Tukeys test. Decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and packed cell volumes, and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations were observed when animals were under general anesthesia. Decreases in total plasma protein, fibrinogen, and thrombocytes were detected after anesthesia. It was concluded that isoflurane influences the hematologic parameters, and those effects should be considered when interpreting hematologic values.

Hemogram, Fibrinogen Concentration and Plasma Total Protein from Calves of Criollo Lageano Breed Variety Hornless and Aberdeen Angus Breed (Red Angus) on the First Six Months of Life

Background: Neonatal period in bovine presents important variations in hematologic and immunologic parameters, and the resulting mortality rates may be due to increased susceptibility to disease. Race, age, environmental, climate and management factors are sources of CBC’s parameters variation in cattle. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the CBC variables and concentrations of total protein (PTP) and plasma fibrinogen calves of Criolo Lageano Breed variety hornless and Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) in the first six months of life, which are produced under extensive management at the Planalto Serrano Catarinense (southern Brazil). Materials, Methods & Results: Two groups were selected, comprising 11 calves of Hornless Criolo Lageano and 14 calves of the Aberdeen Angus breed (Red Angus). Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and determination of total protein concentrations, and plasma fibrinogen in the periods between 24 h and 36, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of life. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). During the experimental period infestations by ticks in both races were observed. In the first month of life, blood smears revealed the presence of blood parasites of the genus Babesia spp. and Anaplasma sp. The fluctuations seen for erythrocyte in the neonatal period (30 days), although not significant, consisted of raising the number of values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and reduction in mean corpuscular volume values (MCV). From 90 days of age there was a significant reduction in number of red blood cells and VG values, and elevated MCV values and mean corpuscular volume (MCHC) for the Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus). For the WBC, the neonatal period was marked by increase in the number of lymphocytes and decrease in neutrophil ratio: lymphocyte (N, L) with respect to the inversion of 15 days. In the age group 90 days of life was evident increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in both races. The plasma fibrinogen concentrations showed no significant variations during the trial period. The plasma total protein (PTP), had higher values on the second day of life, with reductions up to 60 days and gradual increase in subsequent times. Discussion: The fluctuations related to the values of erythrocyte variables in the neonatal period are consistent with results reported by other authors in calves of other races. Changes in erythrocyte values observed from 90 days of age on race Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) can be attributed to infection by blood parasites and consequent hemolysis. As for the leucocyte count, increasing the number of lymphocytes and inversion of N:L is the neonatal period in a physiological variation and confirms observations made by other authors in calves of other races. In the age group 90 days, leukocytosis by lymphocytosis was related to natural premonition against Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp., which is documented in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. When analyzing the PTP values on the second day of life, it can be said that there has been proper transfer of passive immunity in both races, given the high correlation of PTP values and gamma globulins. The reduction of PTP and subsequent elevation values are characteristic of the physiological curve related to degradation of passively transferred immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin synthesis by competent immune system.

Efeitos de dois protocolos de sedação sobre as variáveis bioquímicas em gatos

The use of sedation protocols to assist in the restraint of cats to perform blood collections is of great importance, but the use of some drugs can alter the results and interpretation. Moreover, the physical restraint may generate intense stress, especially in animals of the feline species, which may also interfere with the results. This study aimed to evaluate examinations of clinical biochemistry in the use of physical restraint and chemistry in cats subjected to two sedation protocols. We used 50 cats, 26 females and 24 males, of mixed-breed, who underwent physical restraint and immediately after underwent two sedation protocols, DB (dexmedetomidine 5μg / kg and 0.3mg butorphanol / kg) and DBC (dexmedetomidine 5μg / kg butorphanol 0.3mg / kg ketamine and 3mg / kg), applied intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken after physical restraint and then after the use of one of the sedation protocols. The following parameters were evaluated: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein (TP), albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium and chloride in serum samples, and lactate and glucose in fluoride plasma samples. Statistical difference was found between groups for albumin, triglycerides, TP and cholesterol with higher values being found in the DBC group. A statistical difference between moments was found for cholesterol, and ALP with higher values in physical restraint only in the DBC group. Glucose had greater values after sedation for both groups. The study revealed that the use of these protocols implies restrictions on some biochemical parameters studied here, and that their interpretations should be evaluated carefully.

Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em cabras da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Saito M.E., Barioni G., Valente A.C.S., Takahira R.K. & Kohaya-gawa A. 2013. [ Leukocyte count and neutrophil oxidative burst in Saanen goats in the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum periods. ] Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrofilos em cabras da raca Saanen nos periodos de gestacao, parto e pos-parto. Pes-quisa Veterinaria Brasileira 33(Supl.1):63-70 . Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Hos-pital de Clinicas Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agroveterinarias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@hotmail.comThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the leukocyte count and the oxidative metab-olism of neutrophil in Saanen goats during periods of pregnancy, parturition and postpar-tum. Were used 20 Saanen goats, clinically healthy and serologically negative for caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), seven (M7), three (M8) days before the parturition, on the day of birth (M9), three (M10) and seven (M11) days postpartum, for the leukocyte count, and serum for cortisol, estradiol and progesterone determination. From 28 days (M4) before parturition until seven days postpartum (M11) blood samples were collected for evaluation of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT). The results showed that at parturition day there were an increase in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum, neu-trophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, decrease of lymphocytes, increase in the neu-trophil: lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis and an increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte on the seventh day postpar-tum. There were not significant alterations in oxidative metabolism of neutrophils during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. It was concluded that parturition causes an eleva-tion in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum determining a neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, with a reduction of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil:lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. Neutrophilic leuko-cytosis, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte and fibrinogen are detected on the seventh day postpartum. Pregnancy, parturition and the postpartum do not change the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils evaluated by NBT reduction test.