Merve Goymen

Histomorphometric Evaluation of the Effects of Various Diode Lasers and Force Levels on Orthodontic Mini Screw Stability

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different laser dose and force levels on the stability of orthodontic mini screws used for anchorage, by histomorphometric analyses. BACKGROUND DATA Low-level laser therapy speeds up blood flow, improves the mechanism of the revitalization processes, reduces the risk of infection, boosts metabolic activities, and accelerates the healing of the damaged tissue. Although there are many research studies about low-level laser therapy applications in a variety of areas, no investigations were found concerning mini screw stability using various laser dose levels with different force level applications. METHODS Seventeen New Zealand white rabbits were used. A total of 68 cylindrical, self-drilling orthodontic mini screws were threaded at the fibula. Experimental subjects were divided into six groups; force application was not performed in the first three groups, whereas 150 g of force was applied via nickel-titanium closed-coil springs placed between two mini screws in the other three groups. Measurements of the initial torque values (10 Ncm) were manipulated by a digital portable torque gauge. Various low-level laser doses were applied to the groups during the postoperative 10 days. After 4 weeks, bone-to-implant contact and cortical bone thickness were histomorphometrically analyzed. RESULTS In the 150 g force plus 20 J/cm(2) dosage group, the highest bone-to-implant contact values were observed. (p<0.05) There were no statistically significant correlations between cortical bone thickness and bone-to-implant contact values; on the other hand, no significant difference was found among the same groups in terms of cortical bone thickness values (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low-level laser therapy was noticed to induce the mini screw-bone contact area. Low-level laser therapy may be a supplementary treatment method to increase the stability of the orthodontic mini screw.

Effects of water flow rate on shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket bonded to enamel surface after Er:YAG laser ablation.

OBJECTIVE The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of water flow rate on enamel surface roughness and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after Er:YAG laser ablation. BACKGROUND DATA It is well known that external water supply is a fundamental requirement for Er:YAG laser efficiency on dental hard tissues. However, there is no consensus considering the water flow rate used during Er:YAG laser ablation. METHODS Eighty sound human upper premolar teeth were used in the present study. Seventy-six teeth were assigned into four groups according to surface treatments. The 37% phosphoric acid-etched group served as the control. Er:YAG laser irradiation was performed in three subgroups with water flow rates of 25, 36, and 48 mL/min, respectively. All specimens were subjected to a SBS test. One specimen from each different surface treatment modality was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the SBS value of each group. RESULTS Although the control group had the highest SBS value, statistically no significant differences were found among groups. CONCLUSIONS Er:YAG laser application with a water flow rate of 48 mL/min produced better enamel surface alterations without any thermal damage to yield higher SBS values.

Effect of Different Temporary Crown Materials and Surface Roughening Methods on the Shear Bond Strengths of Orthodontic Brackets

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temporary crown materials (TCMs) and surface roughening methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. BACKGROUND DATA TCMs are widely used during orthodontic treatment in teeth in need of prosthetic treatment, to prevent damage to the final restoration. However, there is no consensus considering the best method for roughening of the surface of TCMs. METHODS Five different TCMs [Dentalon Plus-(D), Basworth Trim II-(B), Voco Structure Premium-(V), 3M ESPE Protempt 4-(P), and Revotek LC-(R)] were used in this study. Different surface roughening methods (37% phosphoric acid, sandblasting, and Er:YAG laser) were employed in three subgroups (n=20). The SBS test was used to assess the durability of all groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed on a representative specimen in each group. RESULTS The highest mean SBS value was observed in group V, followed by groups D and P, regardless of the surface treatment. The lowest SBS values were observed in group B. The laser-irradiated groups had higher SBS values than the sandblasted and acid-etched groups. Furthermore, a significant difference in SBS values was observed between the laser-irradiated group V and all other groups (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS The effects of the chemical nature of TCMs on the SBS values appeared to be clinically negligible, whereas the type of surface treatments had a significant influence on bond strengths. Er:YAG laser irradiation caused a significant increase in bond strength between the TCMs and orthodontic brackets.

Yeni doğan dudak damak yarıklı bebeklerin alçı modellerinin değerlendirilmesi

Amac: Dudak ve damak yariklari bas-boyun bolgesinin sik gorulen konjenital malformasyonlari arasindadir. Bu calismada Gaziantep Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi Ortodonti Anabilim Dali’nda tedavi edilen dudak damak yarikli hastalarinin cinsiyet, yas, yarik tipi, anterior yarik genisligi, midpalatal ve posterior palatal genisliklerine gore degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Calismada klinigimize gelen 39 dudak damak yarikli hastanin kayitlari kullanildi ve yas, cinsiyet, yarik tipleri degerlendirildi. Analiz icin alci modeller uzerinde olcumler yapildi. Kullanilan referans noktalari; c, c’ noktalari (kaninler bolgesi), t, t’ noktalari (tuber noktalari), g, g’ noktalari (c ve t noktalari arasi mesafenin orta noktasi) olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Calismaya dâhil edilen bireylerin %24u (n=9) cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli, %20si (n=8) izole damak yarikli, %56si (n=22) tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli idi. Cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerin yas ortalamasi 24.33±24.69 gun, izole damak yarikli bireylerin yas ortalamasi 68.37±58.04 gun, tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerin yas ortalamasi ise 31±30.11 gundu. Cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerin %66.7si (n=6) erkekti. Grubun anterior yarik genisligi ortalama olarak 13.23±3.06, midpalatal genisligi 32.67±3.58, postpalatal genisligi 29.25±2.78 mm idi. Izole damak yarikli bireylerin %37.5’i (3kisi) erkekti. Grubun anterior yarik genisligi bulunmamaktaydi. Midpalatal yarik genisligi 30.71±2.11, postpalatal genisligi 27.17±2.42 mm idi. Unilateral yarikli bireylerin %54.5i (12kisi) erkekti. Grubun anterior yarik genisligi 10.14±3.12, midpalatal genislik 35.74±3.05, postpalatal genislik ise 31.35±3.22 mm idi. Sonuc: Tek ve cift tarafli dudak damak yariklari erkeklerde, izole damak yariklari ise kizlarda daha cok goruldu. Anterior yarik genisligi miktari cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli grupta tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli gruptan daha fazla oldugu goruldu. Ancak midpalatal genisligin ve posterior palatal genisligin tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerde daha fazla oldugu goruldu. Klinigimize en erken basvuran grubun cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireyler, en gec basvuran grubun ise izole damak yarikli bireyler oldugu tespit edildi. Klinigimize basvuran, gerek Hotz plagi gerek nazal molding aygitlariyla tedavilerine baslanan hastalarin uzun donem takiplerinin yapilarak baslangic degerleriyle karsilastirilmasi dusunuldu.

Comparison of the different retention appliances produced using CAD/CAM and conventional methods and different surface roughening methods

The purposes of this study are to conduct an in vitro comparison of the shear bond strength, breakage mode, and wire deformation of three different types of retainers and to compare the subsequent enamel surface changes. Two hundred seventy intact lower incisor teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks in pairs. Dead wire and CAD/CAM-fabricated and fiber-reinforced wires were applied to the teeth roughened with acid and Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The surface roughness was observed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The samples were analyzed for shear bonds. The dead wire and acid group were found to have the highest bonding strength and the strengths for all groups in which acid was used as an agent were found to be higher than others. Deformation of retainers was most noted in the dead wire-acid group. Among all the groups, the CAD/CAM-fabricated wire group showed the least deformation, with no deformation observed. In this study, it was determined that there is a significant correlation between ARI scores and agents. Consequently, acid etching was found to create more enamel surface roughness than laser groups. It was also seen that the combined use of the acid method and dead soft wire had the highest bond strength, even though it was not statistically significant. It was concluded that CAD/CAM-fabricated wire provides the opportunity for reuse in clinical applications due to its lack of deformation, being more conservative for the patient, and being more advantageous for the clinician in terms of session time, considering the residual adhesive amount left on the enamel surface.

Investigation of bacteremia after debonding procedures

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of debonding procedures after completion of orthodontic treatments on bacteremia. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight patients who were treated with fixed orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry’s Department of Orthodontics at Gaziantep University and who had an indication of debonding were selected for this study, and blood samples were taken from these patients at different times and examined for bacteremia. Blood culture samples were taken from the antecubital veins of the patients prior to debonding (T0), immediately after removing the bracket (T1), and immediately after cleaning the composite residues and plaque deposits on the enamel surface (T2). The blood samples were then inoculated in blood culture bottles and investigated for bacterial growth. Results: The results showed that there was no bacterial growth in the blood samples taken at T0 and T1, whereas 10 of the blood culture samples taken at T2 showed bacterial growth including the following bacteria; Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyces oris, Actinomyces naeslundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: It was concluded that patients in the risk group could develop bacteremia during debonding procedures. The presence of these bacteria in sterile blood suggested the possibility of bacterial endocarditis.

Effects of the Vertical Malocclusion Types on the Dimension of the Mandibular Condyle

Objective This study aimed to find the relationship between mandibular condyle morphology and dental malocclusion in patients with anterior open bite, deep bite, and normal overbite. Methods Eighty patients were included in this retrospective study. All patients had skeletal Class II pattern. The initial panoramic radiographs of patients were digitized using a software program, and groups were compared in terms of condylar height, width, area, and perimeter. In addition, changes in the condyle surface shape were detected using the same panoramic radiographs. Results The mean width was 1.55±0.06 cm in the open bite group, 1.48±0.06 cm in the deep bite group, and 1.38±0.07 cm in the normal bite group. The mean height was 2.17±0.08 cm in the open bite group, 1.95±0.06 cm in the deep bite group, and 1.97±0.08 cm in the normal bite group. The mean area was 2.33±0.13 cm2 in the open bite group, 2.09±0.11 cm2 in the deep bite group, and 2.04±0.14 cm2 in the normal bite group. There was no statistical significant difference between groups in terms of condyle measurements and condyle surface shapes. Conclusion The results suggest that the vertical malocclusion type does not have a considerable effect on the mandibular condyle measurements and surface shapes.

Evaluation of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate in Southeastern Anatolian Region

Objective Our study included patients with cleft lip and palate who applied to Gaziantep University Dentistry Faculty Orthodontics Department between 2010 and 2014. The aim of this study was to reveal the characteristics of these patients with demographic values. Methods In total, 118 patients were included in this study. The patients were pursued by phone calls, and the study was conducted with only 64 patients. The demographic map was created with a statistical expert as a questionnaire. Results It was thought that the reason for not being able to include the remaining 54 patients was a change in phone number, designation, or others. One patient who was to be interviewed died because of heart failure. The results revealed that the place of birth of 18.75% patients was a metropolitan region that of 54.68% was a province, that of 21.87% was a district, and that of 4.69% was a village. The majority of patients (93.25%) had a low family income level. The average number of children was 3.28, and readership was 1.47. The rate of working mothers was 1.56%. Conclusion It was concluded that the cleft lip and palate patient group had lower economic and sociocultural levels. For this purpose, raising awareness of parents and providing financial support to families are required because of the long-term treatment process. It was thought that the long-term treatment process of these patients in a single-unit authority with the guidance of universities would be appropriate for better patient follow-up and inventory. Otherwise, as seen in this study, contact cannot be established after a while and some problems can arise with regard to follow-up. Lack of communication can lead to the formation of more difficult patients with growth and development.

Comparison of the effects of different retention appliances on the oxidant–antioxidant system

Abstract The aim was to compare oxidative stress (OS) levels with different types of retention appliance. Thirty orthodontic patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (Essix retainer), Group 2 (lingual retainer with stainless steel retainer wire), and Group 3 (lingual retainer with fiber-reinforced material). OS was assessed in the subjects’ saliva. Saliva samples were taken from the patients at T0 (before using the retention appliance), T1 (first month of retention), and T2 (third month of retention). The specimens were investigated to detect changes in total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). TAS values in Group 2 were significantly higher than in Group 3. TOS values in Group 3 were significantly lower than in the other groups. TOS values in Group 2 were lower than in Group 1. OSI values of Group 1 were higher than those in Group 2 or 3. There was no statistically significant difference among the time periods. The type of retention appliance affected OS values. A fiber-reinforced material may have a lower OSI. OS or products can affect some systemic disease; therefore, the selection of the retainer will be important on these patients.

Cephalometric comparison of cesarean and normal births.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric variables of subjects with normal and cesarean births. Materials and Methods: Ninety age- and gender-matched patients, who were treated in Gaziantep University, Faculty of Dentistry Orthodontics Department were equally divided into normal and cesarean groups according to the birth methods reported by their mothers. To eliminate the negative effects of being different in terms of age and gender among parameters, control, and patient groups were matched in the present study. Pretreatment cephalometrics radiographs were used. Six measurements representing sagittal and vertical relationships were evaluated from pretreatment cephalograms using Dolphin Imaging Orthodontics Software was used in this issue by an orthodontist. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Students t-test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical comparisons. Results: A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB) and Wits values were higher in the normal group, while sella-nasion-A point angle, sella-nasion-B point angle, Frankfort horizontal-mandibular plane angle, and gonion-gnathion-SN plane angle values were higher in the cesarean group. However, the groups showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). ANB angle and Wits values showed high correlation. Conclusions: Within the study limitations, the results suggest that the birth method may not have a considerable effect on the development of the craniofacial skeletal system.