Metin Çeliker

Effects of exposure to 2100 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic field on auditory system of rats ☆

INTRODUCTION The use of mobile phones has become widespread in recent years. Although beneficial from the communication viewpoint, the electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phones may cause unwanted biological changes in the human body. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 2100MHz Global System for Mobile communication (GSM-like) electromagnetic field, generated by an electromagnetic fields generator, on the auditory system of rats by using electrophysiological, histopathologic and immunohistochemical methods. METHODS Fourteen adult Wistar albino rats were included in the study. The rats were divided randomly into two groups of seven rats each. The study group was exposed continuously for 30days to a 2100MHz electromagnetic fields with a signal level (power) of 5.4dBm (3.47mW) to simulate the talk mode on a mobile phone. The control group was not exposed to the aforementioned electromagnetic fields. After 30days, the Auditory Brainstem Responses of both groups were recorded and the rats were sacrificed. The cochlear nuclei were evaluated by histopathologic and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS The Auditory Brainstem Responses records of the two groups did not differ significantly. The histopathologic analysis showed increased degeneration signs in the study group (p=0.007). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased apoptotic index in the study group compared to that in the control group (p=0.002). CONCLUSION The results support that long-term exposure to a GSM-like 2100MHz electromagnetic fields causes an increase in neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the auditory system.

Submandibular Lateral Ectopic Thyroid Tissue: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Scintigraphic Findings

Ectopic thyroid can be encountered anywhere between the base of tongue and pretracheal region. The most common form is euthyroid neck mass. Herein, we aimed to present the findings of a female case with ectopic thyroid tissue localized in the left submandibular region. A 44-year-old female patient, who underwent bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy four years ago with the diagnosis of multinodular goiter, was admitted to our hospital due to a mass localized in the left submandibular area that gradually increased in the last six months. Neck ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and scintigraphic examination were performed on the patient. On thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate, thyroid tissue activity uptake showing massive radioactivity was observed in the normal localization of the thyroid gland and in the submandibular localization. The focus in the submandibular region was excised. Pathological examination of the specimen showed normal thyroid follicle cells with no signs of malignancy. The submandibular mass is a rarely encountered lateral ectopic thyroid tissue. Accordingly, ectopic thyroid tissue should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses in the submandibular region.

The protective effects of whortleberry extract against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats

INTRODUCTION Cisplatin is one of the main chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of many types of cancer. However, ototoxicity, one of the most serious side effects of cisplatin, restricts its usage. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the protective effects of whortleberry extract against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by evaluating hearing and histopathological cochlear damage and by measuring the biochemical parameters affected byoxidative stress. METHODS Forty-eight male rats were included in the study after performing Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission test to confirm that their hearing levels were normal. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the sham group, and, which received only whortleberry extract, only cisplatin, cisplatin+100mg whortleberry extract, cisplatin+200mg whortleberry extract, respectively. Audiologic investigation was performed by performing the Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission test at the beginning and at the eighth day of the study. Cardiac blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and the rats were sacrificed to obtain cochlear histopathological specimens on the eighth day. RESULTS The results revealed that whortleberry protects hearing against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity independent of the dose. However, high doses of whortleberry extract are needed to prevent histopathological degeneration and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study show that whortleberry extract has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Effect of Hippophae rhamnoides Extract on Oxidative Oropharyngeal Mucosal Damage Induced in Rats Using Methotrexate

Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides extract (HRE) on oropharyngeal mucositis induced in rats with methotrexate (MTX) through biochemical, gene expression, and histopathological examinations. Methods Experimental animals were divided into a healthy group (HG), a HRE+MTX (HREM) group, HRE group (HREG), and a control group that received MTX (MTXG). The HREM and HREG groups of rats was administered 50 mg/kg HRE, while the MTXG and HG groups were given an equal volume distilled water with gavage. Then, the HREM and MTXG rat groups were given oral MTX at a dose of 5 mg/kg 1 hour after HRE and distilled water was administered. This procedure was repeated for 1 month. At the end of this period, all of the animals were sacrificed with a high dose of anesthesia. Then, the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (tGSH) were determined in the removed oropharyngeal tissues. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expressions were measured, and all the tissues were studied histopathologically. Results The amount of MDA was significantly increased in the MTXG group compared to the HREM, HREG, and HG groups (P<0.001). MTX significantly decreased the amount of tGSH in the MTXG group compared to the HREM, HREG, and HG groups (P<0.001). In this study, there were no visible ulcers in the animal group in which the levels of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α were high and the level of tGSH was low. However, histopathologic examination revealed mucin pools in wide areas due to ruptured oropharynx glands, and proliferated, dilated, and congested blood vessels and dilated ductal structures in some areas. Conclusion HRE protected oropharyngeal oxidative damage induced by MTX. As an inexpensive and natural product, HRE has important advantages in the prevention of oropharyngeal damage induced by MTX.

The effects of biological rhythms and sleep quality on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and reflux symptom severity

Abstract Recently, there has been increased interest in chronotypes and clinical differences between them. However, there is limited information about the potential influence of the chronotypes on clinical manifestations and symptom intensity of somatic diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of biological rhythm differences and sleep quality on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and larengo pharyngeal reflux (LPR) severity. Forty-four LPR patients, 43 BBPV patients and 42 controls were included in the study. The morningness–eveningness questionnaire was used to determine chronotypes, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess subjective sleep quality. Both patient groups reported a significantly greater tendency to eveningness diurnal preferences compared to healthy controls. As with the circadian preferences, patients with BPPV or LPR characterized by poorer sleep quality and worse insomnia than non-patient individuals. It can be concluded that the circadian rhythm and sleep quality are related to the severity of LPR and BPPV.

Investigation of the effect of the efficiency of noise at different intensities on the DNA of the newborns

Hearing loss can occur in newborns exposed to high-level noise; noise exposure can cause more physiological stress and can lead to DNA damage. This study was designed to determine DNA damage in newborn rats exposed to sound at different concentrations. For this purpose, 28 newborn (3-6 days old) rats were divided into four groups of 7 rats in each group (Control and Groups of 40 decibel (dB), 70 dB, and 110 dB]. In the experimental groups, 40 dB, 70 dB, and 110 dB (7.5-15 kHz) of sound was applied to the experimental groups for 30 min a day for 7 days. DNA damage levels in the serums obtained from this study were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. According to this, it was determined that DNA damage in the group exposed to 110 dB showed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) compared to the compared to the control, 40 dB, and 70 dB groups. Related to the subject, it was concluded that DNA damage may occur in newborns exposed to 110 dB or higher sound in neonatal units, wards, and home environments with newborn babies. Mothers should be warned about this situation and noise should be kept under 110 dB volume in the environments with the newborns.

Tinnituslu hastalarda 3 boyutlu T2 ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile serebelopontin kenardaki vasküler değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesi

Amac: Serebelopontin kose (CPA) vaskuler ve noral yapilarin anatomik etkilesimleri isitsel-vestibuler semptomlarla iliskili oldugu dusunulmektedir. Manyetik rezonans goruntuleme, bu karmasik anatomik bolgeyi degerlendirmek icin tercih edilen bir yontem haline gelmistir. Bu calismada, 3-boyutlu T2 agirlikli MRI ile tinnitus hastalarda CPA’da vaskuler loop varyasyon iliskisini degerlendirmeyi amacladik. Materyal ve Metod: Bu calismada, aciklanamayan tinnitus olan ve kulak MRI tetkiki yapilan 149 hasta yer almistir. Hastalarin tinnitusu olan kulaklari calisma grubunu, sikâyet olmayan kulaklari kontrol grubunu olusturdu. Cift tarafli tinnitusu olanlar iki taraf ayri ayri olarak calisma grubuna dâhil edildi. MRI taramalari, CPA’da vaskuler varyasyon varligina iliskin olarak degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Sol tarafta tinnitusu olan hastalarda Tip 1 (CPA duzeyinde) (p=0.001) ve Tip A (vestibuloklear ve/veya fasial ile temas) (p<0.001) vaskuler loop anlamli derecede yuksekti. Sag tarafta tinnitusu olan hastalarda, sadece Tip A vaskuler loop anlamli derecede yuksekti (p=0.005). Cift tarafli tinnituslu hastalar icin sag kulakta Tip 2 vaskuler loop (internal akustik kanali proksimal [IAC]) (p=0.035) ve sol kulakta Tip A vaskuler loop(p<0.001) anlamli derecede yuksekti. Sonuc: Bu calisma, 3D T2W MRI kullanilarak tinnitus etyolojisini arastiran en buyuk olcekli calismadir. CPA ve IAC’deki vaskuler loop sikligi oncelikle tani teknigine baglidir. Bulgularimiz, vaskuler varyasyon nedenlerin yuksek cozunurluklu goruntuleme yontemleri kullanilarak daha net gosterilebilecegini gosterdi. Buna gore, tedavi secenekleri etiyolojinin aydinlatilmasiyla daha iyi belirlenebilir.

The relation between retrobulbar blood flow and posterior ocular changes measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

PurposeTo investigate the effect of posterior ocular hemodynamics on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), choroid thickness (CT) and central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to reveal the association with glaucomatous optic neuropathy.MethodsThe research was planned as a prospective, randomized study. The ophthalmic, retinal and posterior ciliary artery pulsatile index (PI) and resistive index (RI) were measured by colored Doppler sonography. RNFL thickness, CMT and CT were then measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.ResultsSixty subjects were divided into four groups—mild, moderate and severe OSAS and a control group. There were 16 subjects in the control group, 14 in the mild OSAS group, 15 in the moderate OSAS group and 15 in the severe OSAS group. Ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery PI and RI values of the OSAS patients did not show statistically significant difference than those of the control group, but posterior ciliary artery (PCA) PI and RI values were significantly higher. In addition, mean, superior and inferior RNFL thickness values were significantly lower than those in the control group. Moreover, the glaucoma prevalence of the OSAS patients in this study was 6.8% and all of these patients were in the severe OSAS group.ConclusionPI and RI values of the PCA, which supplies the optic nerve, show a linear increase as the apnea hypoxia index values in OSAS. As the grade of OSAS improves, this situation leads to a more serious ischemic optic neuropathy. Furthermore, the prevalence of glaucoma in this study is found to be higher in the severe OSAS group.

An evaluation of peripheral arterial tonometry for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea

Objective: Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) as a portable method of monitoring sleep quality is a relatively recent innovation. The aim was to compare the results of PAT and polysomnography (PSG) and to evaluate the role of PAT in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: This study included adult patients who admitted to ENT clinic with OSAS complaints (excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, and witnessed apnea), undergone sleep monitorization using PAT system (WatchPAT 200TM; Itamar Medical Ltd., Caesarea, Israel) and had single-blind, level 1 polysomnography at sleep laboratory of Chest Diseases Department. Results: For the two sleep monitoring sessions as conducted at different times: the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) values were strongly correlated between sessions (r=0.749, r=0.753; p<0.001). The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) values were very strongly correlated (r=0.861; p<0.001). When the AHI scores calculated using PAT for the patients enrolled in the trial were taken into consideration; 89.7% of the patients were correctly diagnosed with OSAS (AHI≥5); for RDI calculated (RDI≥5) using PAT, 100% of OSAS diagnoses were correct; for AHI values calculated with the PAT method, taking 15 as cut-off point, the sensitivity was found to be at an extremely high level of 96.1%. Conclusion: PAT and PSG values were highly correlated. This finding demonstrated that the reproducibility of the results obtained with PAT was also high. This study shows that PAT can be used as a screening test for OSAS and in a group of patients who are highly suspected for OSAS.

The effects of choanal atresia on development of the paranasal sinuses and turbinates

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the volume of paranasal sinuses (PNS) and turbinate in patients with unilateral choanal atresia (CA).Materials and methodComputed tomography images of PNS in 11 individuals with unilateral CA were evaluated retrospectively. Mucosal thickness and volume of the maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses were determined, in addition to the volume of the middle and inferior turbinate. The unaffected nasal side of patients was used as a control group for the measurements. The results comprised the measurements of the atresic side compared to those of the healthy side.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the atresic and healthy side of the nose in patients with CA with respect to mucosal thickness and volume of the PNS (the maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses) and the middle and inferior turbinate (p > 0.050).ConclusionThe complete absence of nasal unilateral airflow had no effect on the development of the PNS and the middle and inferior turbinate. Moreover, mucosal thickness in the sinuses was similar to that in the control group.