Metin Çenesiz

Subacute oral toxicity of combinations of selected synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, and tetramethrin in rats

In this study, 70 Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups (six experimental and one control), which consisted of animals belonging to both sexes. Different combinations of insecticides were administered daily to the experimental groups (group 1: cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide (PBO); group 2: alphacypermethrin + PBO; group 3: deltamethrin + PBO; group 4: cypermethrin + PBO + tetramethrin; group 5: alphacypermethrin + PBO + tetramethrin; and group 6: deltamethrin + PBO + tetramethrin) for 28 days. During the study period, mortality and serious clinical findings were not observed in any animal. However, feed consumptions decreased in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin levels, especially in cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin groups (groups 1, 2, and 4), were found to be higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, biochemical changes related to liver, kidney functions, and protein metabolism occurred in males of almost all the groups. Relative liver and kidney weights of the male animals increased in the cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin groups (p < 0.05). The most common finding observed during the histopathological examination of all the experimental groups was centrilobular degeneration in the liver. It was concluded that although clinical symptoms were not observed, synthetic pyrethroid, synergist, and knockdown agent combinations might cause serious abnormalities when administered in certain doses in mammalians.

Repeated-dose 14-day dermal toxicity of different combinations of some synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, piperonyl butoxide, and tetramethrin in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeated-dose 14-day dermal toxicity of different combinations of some synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, piperonyl butoxide, and tetramethrin in rats. A total of 70 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 (6 experimental and 1 control) groups. Different combinations of insecticides were dermally applied to the rats in the experimental groups for 14 days. Clinical observations were performed daily; hematologic and biochemical parameters were also determined. Gross necropsy and histopathologic examinations were performed systematically, and organ weights were recorded. Although the administered doses of the insecticides were relatively lower than their acute dermal toxicity values, a high mortality rate (27 of 60 experimental animals, 45%) was observed. Furthermore, the insecticide combinations caused decreased body weights and feed consumptions, increased organ weights, and hematologic, biochemical, and common histopathologic changes. As a result, the findings showed that although pyrethroids are considered to be of low acute toxicity, they become more toxic when combined with piperonyl butoxide or tetramethrin in certain doses.

LEPTİN VE ADİPONEKTİNİN ENERJİ VE EGZERSİZ İLİŞKİSİ

Dunya saglik orgutunun belirlemelerine gore gida cesitliligi ve aliminin kolaylasmasi ile birlikte yasam tarzindaki degisikliler 1980 yilindan itibaren obezite insidansini iki katina cikartmistir. Obezite de beraberinde kalp damar hastaliklarindan, tip II diabete ve ortopedik hastaliklara kadar bircok saglik sorununu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sorunlarla birlikte bu durumdan kurtulmak icin yeni arayislar icine girilmektedir. Egzersizle birlikte vucutta salgilanan hormonlar ve proteinler daha fazla arastirma konusu haline gelmistir. Trigliseritlerin deposu olarak gorulen adipoz doku uzerine yapilan calismalar arttikca bunlarin bilinmeyen bircok fizyolojik gorevlerinin oldugu ortaya cikmaktadir. Bunlardan leptin ve adiponektin gibi hormonlarin enerji dengesi ve insulin direnci ile ilgili baglantilari yapilan calismalarla ortaya konulmaktadir. Leptin organizma icindeki yag stoklarini ve istahi duzenlemekte, tokluk duygusu yaratmaktadir. Vucuttaki yag orani leptin salinmasini dogrudan etkilemektedir. Adiponektin de adipoz dokudan salinan, insulin duyarliligini artiran, aterosklerozu gerileten, anti-enflamatuar bir hormondur. Her iki hormonunda plazma seviyesi cinsiyet, yasam sekli ve yas gibi etkenlerden etkilenebilmektedir. Kisa sureli egzersizlerde degisim ya hic ya da cok az olmakla birlikte esas uzun sureli yapilan egzersizlerde bu hormonlarda plazma seviyelerinde degisim gozlenmektedir. Yapilan bu derleme ile bu iki hormonun egzersiz ve enerji dengesi ile iliskileri ortaya konulacaktir.

Effects of L-Carnitine on Obese Rats Exposed to Swimming Exercise

Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of L-carnitine usage on weight loss, performance value and plasma biochemical parameters of the obesity induced rats during swimming exercise. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly to four treatment groups (negative control, placebo group, Group 3 and Group 4 were fed a diet including 150 and 300 mg/kg/day L-carnitine, respectively). The results showed that glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels and ALT activity of rats in Group 4 were higher than that of controlled group. These results indicated that the supplementation of 300 mg/kg/day L-carnitine into the diet may increase performance and weight loss of obese rats compared to control group, placebo group and Group 3. Although, the weight loss of this group rats was higher than other group rats, determination of elevation in glucose, cholesterol and ALT activity indicates that 150 mg/kg/day L-carnitine intake is appropriate.