Sena Cenesiz

Therapeutic role of curcumin in oxidative DNA damage caused by formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is a common environmental contaminant that causes oxidative DNA damage in cells by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OhdG), tumor protein 53(TP53), beta‐amyloid[Aß(1‐42), Aß (1‐40)], total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the therapeutic role of curcumin in rat cells with oxidative DNA damage caused by formaldehyde. Method: The control group was given physiological saline for 15 days (ip) and the second group was given 37% formaldehyde (ip) at a dose of 9 mg/kg group every other day. The third group was given 9 mg/kg formaldehyde (ip) every other day and treated therapeutically with 100 mg/kg curcumin every day by gavage. At the end of the trial period, urine, blood, and brain tissue was collected from the rats. Results: The levels of MDA in sera were increased and the TAC, TP53, and Aß (1−40) levels were reduced in the formaldehyde‐treated group with respect to the control group (p<0.005). After treatment with curcumin, the levels of sera MDA were significantly reduced, the TAC, TP53, and Aß (1‐40) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of whole brain Aß (1‐42) and 8‐OhdG were increased in the formaldehyde‐treated group and reduced after treatment with curcumin (P < 0.05). Urinary 8‐OhdG excretion increased in the formaldehyde‐treated group (P < 0.05) and decreased after treatment with curcumin (P > 0.05).

Serum protein alterations in dogs naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii

We conducted this study to describe the serum electrophoretic pattern in dogs associated with the infection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The serum protein pattern of 25 dogs with confirmed T. gondii infection and 15 clinically healthy dogs were evaluated using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin bands were seen from the serum electrophoresis of infected and healthy dogs. Compared to the control group, significant decreases in the mean percentages of albumin (from 46.1 ± 7.2 to 40.8 ± 4.5%, P < 0.05), alpha-1 globulin (from 3.9 ± 0.4 to 0.8 ± 0.2%, P < 0.001), alpha-2 globulin (from 9.0 ± 0.4 to 8.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.01), and beta globulin (from 18.4 ± 1.2 to 12.1 ± 0.6%, P < 0.001) in the infected group were determined. In contrast, gamma globulin fraction was significantly higher in infected dogs (38.1 ± 4.6%) than in control dogs (22.7 ± 7.2%; P < 0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were determined between the percentages of the albumin and gamma globulin fractions and liver enzyme tests including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in infected dogs; however, no correlation was observed for the other protein fractions. In conclusion, marked alterations in serum protein pattern associated with strong modifications of serum protein concentrations are in accordance with the hepatic injury as affirmed by liver enzyme tests that were demonstrated in the canine toxoplasmosis. These findings showed that serum protein electrophoresis can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of canine toxoplasmosis as a supplementary analysis in combination with serological, clinical, and laboratory findings of this disease.

Efficacy of amitraz plus inactivated parapoxvirus ovis in the treatment of canine generalised demodicosis

Canine generalised demodicosis (CGD) is a challenging disease to treat effectively. Inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) could help to accelerate treatment with acaricidial therapy by altering the immune response. This study was designed to investigate the effects of treating CGD with amitraz plus iPPVO in terms of clinical outcomes and blood parameters. The study involved 16 dogs ranging in age from eight months to six years and weighing between 10 and 40 kg. Eight dogs were treated with amitraz and eight with amitraz plus iPPVO. Biochemical analysis of whole blood and serum, including serum C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), was performed. Skin scrapings were conducted on days 0, 10, 40, 80 and 120 of treatment, and mite numbers were recorded. Clinical remission was determined according to mite numbers and clinical scores. The difference in mean whole remission days between the amitraz group (104.3 days) and the amitraz+iPPVO group (84.5 days) was statistically significant (P<0.05). Mean clinical scores were also significantly better in the amitraz+iPPVO (5.60) group when compared with the amitraz group (7.65). No adverse reactions were observed in either group. In view of these findings, the use of iPPVO in conjunction with amitraz can be recommended for treating CGD.

The effects of aging on the central nervous system steroid profiles and myelin basic protein in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on the central nervous system steroid and myelin basic protein (MBP) profiles. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats (newborn, 1, 6, 12 and 24-monthsold) were studied. Tissues were obtained from the cerebellum and parietal, frontal, temporal cortex of the central nervous system of the rats for steroid extraction. The estradiol, progesteron, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The average levels of estradiol (pg/g), progesteron (ng/g), DHEA (ng/g) and testosterone (ng/g) in the brain tissues were respectively 24.29, 4.59, 0.27, 0.92 in the newborn-rats; 4.18±1.10, 1.54±0.30, 0.28±0.01, 0.57±0.10 in the 1 month-old-rats; 11.02±1.10, 2.96±0.30, 0.27±0.01, 0.61±0.10 in the 6 month-old-rats; 15.80±1.10, 4.80±0.30, 0.28±0.10, 0.67±0.10 in the 12 monthold-rats; 20.07±1.10, 4.12±0.30, 0.28±0.01, 0.55±0.10 in the 24 month-old-rats. The myelin basic protein levels were determined by immunohistochemical staining and an elevation was observed in conjunction with the aging process. The results of the study indicate that the alterations in MBP, DHEA, progesterone, testosterone and estrodiol concentrations in the central nervous system of the rats during aging can be considered fundamental for future animal and human studies.

Evaluation of Trace Element Levels and Antioxidant Metabolism in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis

Background: Cutaneous papillomas are benign proliferative neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are very complex. Papillomatosis lesions can be detected anywhere on the body, frequently appearing on the surface of the head, neck, teats, udder, external genital mucosa and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is not life threatening but due to loss of productivity, owners often cull animals with papillomatosis. The relationships between trace elements, heavy metals and cancer are still researching. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships between trace elements and antioxidant metabolism, and cutaneous papillomatosis, in cattle. Materials, Methods & Results: Eleven cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis and 10 healthy cattle constituted the study group and control group, respectively. Clinical examinations were performed on all animals. Blood samples were collected and Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn, As, B, Ni, Si and Co levels were determined. The analyses were conducted with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. In addition, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were measured. The Ni, Si and MDA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05) but the Se levels of the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The normality of the data was determined with the Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Independent Samples t-Test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison of the groups. Discussion: Trace elements are essential components of biological systems. The levels of trace elements, such as Cu, Co, I, Se, Zn and Mn, which are affected by grazing activity, influence ruminants’ reproductive performance and other production parameters. The elements Al, As, Cr, Ni and Sn are also presumed to be essential for ruminant metabolism, although sufficient research data are not available. In the present study, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, As, B and Co levels were not significantly different between the papilloma and control groups. Se is an important trace element for skin health. This study revealed a mean serum Se level in animals with papillomatosis that was significantly lower than in the healthy group. Although the mode of anticancer activity of Se is not clear, some factors, such as antioxidant protection, improved immune system surveillance, carcinogen detoxification, modulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of tumour cell invasion and angiogenesis, are important. Ni is classified as a toxic heavy metal. In addition, it could be carcinogenic to humans. Ni level was two times higher in the papillomatosis group than in the healthy animals, in the present study. This result may indicate that Ni has a role in the genesis of papillomatosis in cattle. Si injection can cause inflammation, granulomas and cancer. There are few reports about Si levels in animals and the significant difference in the Si levels in cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis reported in this study may be a new indicator for the disease. The skin contains antioxidant molecules that include GSH, alpha-tocopherol or vitamin E, ascorbic acid or vitamin C, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), CAT and quinine reductase. There is strong interaction between ROS and/or their oxidant products and antioxidant molecules in the skin. In this study, although MDA levels were higher in the study group than in the control group, there was no significant difference between the groups in their CAT levels, and also in the GSH and CP levels. In conclusion, these results may evidence the systemic effects of papillomatosis on trace element levels and on oxidant metabolism in cattle.

Investigation of the effect of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract against cisplatin-induced renal cell injury in vitro

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cornelian cherry fruit extract against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Materials and methods: African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero) were incubated with 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract, 50 μmol/L of cisplatin or 50 μmol/L of cisplatin plus 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract for 4 h. The wells containing cells without any supplementation served as control. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay. Culture mediums were collected, centrifuged and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results: The cell viability was 59% in cells co-treated with cisplatin and cornelian cherry fruit extract simultaneously and 42% in cisplatin treated cells. The cellular damage ratio was elevated in cells treated with cisplatin. However, when cisplatin combined with cornelian cherry fruit extract the deleterious effects of cisplatin were significantly decreased. The MDA concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05), GSH concentration and GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower (p<0.05) in cisplatin treated group when compared with control group, cornelian cherry group, and cisplatin+cornelian cherry group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that cornelian cherry fruit extract exert protective effects on oxidative damage in vitro induced by cisplatin.

LEPTİN VE ADİPONEKTİNİN ENERJİ VE EGZERSİZ İLİŞKİSİ

Dunya saglik orgutunun belirlemelerine gore gida cesitliligi ve aliminin kolaylasmasi ile birlikte yasam tarzindaki degisikliler 1980 yilindan itibaren obezite insidansini iki katina cikartmistir. Obezite de beraberinde kalp damar hastaliklarindan, tip II diabete ve ortopedik hastaliklara kadar bircok saglik sorununu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sorunlarla birlikte bu durumdan kurtulmak icin yeni arayislar icine girilmektedir. Egzersizle birlikte vucutta salgilanan hormonlar ve proteinler daha fazla arastirma konusu haline gelmistir. Trigliseritlerin deposu olarak gorulen adipoz doku uzerine yapilan calismalar arttikca bunlarin bilinmeyen bircok fizyolojik gorevlerinin oldugu ortaya cikmaktadir. Bunlardan leptin ve adiponektin gibi hormonlarin enerji dengesi ve insulin direnci ile ilgili baglantilari yapilan calismalarla ortaya konulmaktadir. Leptin organizma icindeki yag stoklarini ve istahi duzenlemekte, tokluk duygusu yaratmaktadir. Vucuttaki yag orani leptin salinmasini dogrudan etkilemektedir. Adiponektin de adipoz dokudan salinan, insulin duyarliligini artiran, aterosklerozu gerileten, anti-enflamatuar bir hormondur. Her iki hormonunda plazma seviyesi cinsiyet, yasam sekli ve yas gibi etkenlerden etkilenebilmektedir. Kisa sureli egzersizlerde degisim ya hic ya da cok az olmakla birlikte esas uzun sureli yapilan egzersizlerde bu hormonlarda plazma seviyelerinde degisim gozlenmektedir. Yapilan bu derleme ile bu iki hormonun egzersiz ve enerji dengesi ile iliskileri ortaya konulacaktir.

Serum concentration and skin tissue expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 in canine generalized demodicosis.

BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) levels are altered in skin injury; there are no data evaluating the serum concentration and skin tissue expression of IGF-2 in canine generalized demodicosis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To assess serum concentrations of IGF-2 collected from dogs with generalized demodicosis compared to healthy dogs and to determine the location of IGF-2 in the skin of affected dogs. METHODS Blood and skin samples were collected from 12 dogs of differing breeds and gender at 1-2 years of age that had a confirmed diagnosis of generalized demodicosis. Age-matched control skin and blood samples were collected from 11 normal dogs of different breeds and gender. Serum IGF-2 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Skin tissue expression of IGF-2 was analysed by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS Serum concentration and skin tissue expression of IGF-2 were increased in dogs with generalized demodicosis compared with control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These findings indicate that keratinocytes, histiocytes and fibrocytes in the dermis are positive for IGF-2; they may be a source of the elevated serum IGF-2 levels in dogs with generalized demodicosis.

Effects of L-Carnitine on Obese Rats Exposed to Swimming Exercise

Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of L-carnitine usage on weight loss, performance value and plasma biochemical parameters of the obesity induced rats during swimming exercise. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly to four treatment groups (negative control, placebo group, Group 3 and Group 4 were fed a diet including 150 and 300 mg/kg/day L-carnitine, respectively). The results showed that glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels and ALT activity of rats in Group 4 were higher than that of controlled group. These results indicated that the supplementation of 300 mg/kg/day L-carnitine into the diet may increase performance and weight loss of obese rats compared to control group, placebo group and Group 3. Although, the weight loss of this group rats was higher than other group rats, determination of elevation in glucose, cholesterol and ALT activity indicates that 150 mg/kg/day L-carnitine intake is appropriate.