Mia Setiawati

PENDEDERAN UDANG VANAME Litopenaeus vannamei DENGAN TEKNOLOGI BIOFLOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN

Budidaya udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei di karamba jaring apung (KJA) laut mempunyai prospek yang sangat bagus untuk dikembangkan. Budidaya udang di laut membutuhkan tokolan yang berkualitas dan berkuantitas. Tokolan tersebut diperoleh melalui tahap pendederan menggunakan sistem intensif. Namun sistem tersebut memiliki beberapa kendala karena menggunakan padat tebar tinggi dan pemberian jumlah pakan meningkat. Pakan yang tidak termakan dan hasil eksresi metabolik udang, terakumulasi dalam air sehingga konsentrasi senyawa nitrogen terutama ammonia dalam air meningkat. Saat ini, sistem bioflok (BFT-Bio-flocs technology) mulai dikembangkan untuk mengurangi limbah kegiatan budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk pendederan udang vaname L. vannamei dengan sistem bioflok untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan sistem bioflok protein 40% memiliki laju pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi (9,85%) dan efesiensi pakan (37,33%) dibandingkan kontrol. Kegiatan pendederan udang vaname dengan sistem bioflok dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan efesiensi pakan yang lebih baik dan berbeda signifikan dibandingkan kontrol (P<0,05).White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture in floating cage in the sea have very good prospect to be expanded. This culture requires good quality and quantity of juveniles. The juveniles can be obtained from intensive system of nursery. However, this system has some limitations because the high stocking density and amount of feed increases. Unconsumed feed and shrimp metabolite excretion accumulated in the water, this caused the concentration of nitrogen compounds, especially ammonia in the water increased. Currently, Bio-flocs technology (BFT) was developed to reduce waste shrimp or fish farming activities. The purpose of this research was nursery of white shrimp (L. vannamei) with bio-flocs technology to increase the growth and efficiency of feed. The design the research was completely randomized design, consisted of two experimental treatments with three replications. The result of this research showed that shrimps fed in BFT system (B) had growth (9,85%) and efficiency of feed (37,33%) higher than that in the control (K). The nursery of white shrimp (L. vannamei) with bio-floc technology resulted in significantly higher growth and feed efficiency than the control (P<0.05).

Aromatase gene expression and masculinization of Nile tilapia immersed in water 36 °C containing 17α-methyltestosterone

ABSTRACT Immersion of undifferentiated larval tilapia in high temperature and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) cab increase the male ratio. However, the effectiveness of immersion in high temperature of water containing MT remains to be evaluated. The purposes of this study were: 1) evaluate the male ratio, growth, and survival of tilapia, and 2) analyze the aromatase brain-type gene expression level in tilapia after immersing in high temperature (36 °C) containing MT at 2 mg/L for four hour with single and double immersion. Aromatase gene expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) method. The result showed that higher monosex male ratio was obtained by single immersion of MT at 36 °C at room temperature. Gene expression level of aromatase brain-type was lower on single immersion and increased significantly at second immersion compared to control (immersion at room temperature without MT). Immersion using MT and high temperature had no significant effect on fish survival. However the specific growth rate and fish biomass were higher than control. Thus, monosex male tilapia can be produced by single immersion of undifferentiated larvae at 36 °C temperature containing MT. Keywords: male ratio, aromatase, Oreochromis niloticus , temperature, 17α-methyltestosterone ABSTRAK Perendaman larva ikan nila yang belum terdeferensiasi kelaminnya dengan suhu tinggi dan hormon 17α-metiltestosteron (MT) dapat meningkatkan nisbah kelamin jantan. Tetapi, efektivitas perendaman menggunakan MT pada suhu tinggi belum diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengevaluasi nisbah kelamin jantan, pertumbuhan, dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila, dan 2) menganalisis ekspresi gen aromatase tipe-otak pada ikan direndam menggunakan MT dengan dosis 2 mg/L selama empat jam sebanyak satu dan dua kali perendaman pada suhu 36 °C. Ekspresi gen aromatase dianalisis menggunakan metode RT-PCR semi-kuantitatif (sqRT-PCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perendaman MT satu kali pada suhu 36 °C lebih tinggi menghasilkan ikan nila jantan monoseks dibandingkan perendaman MT satu kali pada suhu ruang. Tingkat ekspresi gen aromatase tipe otak pada perendaman satu kali lebih rendah, dan meningkat secara signifikan pada perendaman kedua dibandingkan dengan kontrol (perendaman pada suhu ruang tanpa MT). Perendaman larva menggunakan MT dan suhu 36 °C tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup, tetapi laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan biomassa ikan perlakuan tersebut lebih tinggi daripada kontrol. Dengan demikian, ikan nila jantan monoseks dapat diproduksi dengan perendaman satu kali pada larva yang belum terdeferensiasi jenis kelaminnya menggunakan MT pada suhu 36 °C. Kata kunci: rasio jantan, aromatase, Oreochromis niloticus , suhu, 17α-metiltestosteron

Evaluation of growth and meat performance of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus which fed with Cinnamomum burmanni leaves enriched diet

This research was performed to evaluate growth performance and meat quality at different feeding period of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus fed on cinnamon leaves Cinnamomum burmanni enriched diet. Twenty fishes at the average body weight of 21.24±2.39 g were distributed into 100×40×50 cm 3 of aquarium. Fish were fed on the diet contained C. burmanni leaves of either 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% respectively for 60 days. Fish were fed on those diets three times a day at satiation. Fish meat quality was evaluated by organoleptic test and proximate analysis at day-20, 40, and 60. The result showed that until day-40, fish fed on the diet contained 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% cinnamon leaves had no significant difference on growth, hence still showed higher growth than fish fed at the dose of 1,5%. Meanwhile at day-60, fish fed on the diets contained either 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% cinnamon leaves significantly had lower growth than that fed on 0.0% cinnamon leaves. In accordance to the growth response, diet contained 0.5% cinnamon leaves given for 40 days has shown the best texture and the highest protein content of fish meat.

Dietary vitamin E on the reproductive performance of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to examine the different dose of vitamin E in the diet on female broodstock reproduction performance of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus . This research consisted of four treatments with three replications. The use of vitamin E doses was 0, 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg. The vitamin E was dissolved in vegetable oil and mixed with albumen as a binder in feed. The vitamin E was sprayed at feed and was air dried. Female broodstock of the fantail goldfishes were reared for 40 days. The result showed that 375 mg/kg treatment performed the highest quality of reproduction. Egg diameter, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and germinal vesicle breakdown of fish which are treated by 375 mg/kg vitamin E were respectively 0.92±0.05 mm, 8.86±4.62%, 56.00±29.18%, and 67.35±17.67% higher than control. Thus, 375 mg/kg of dietary vitamin E suplementating was a best dose to improve female broodstock productivity of the fantail goldfish Keywords: female broodstock, fantail goldfish, vitamin E, reproduction quality ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji suplementasi vitamin E dengan dosis berbeda dicampur ke dalam pakan komersial terhadap produktivitas induk betina ikan komet Carassius auratus auratus . Penelitian ini menggunakan empat perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Dosis vitamin E yang diberikan, yaitu 0, 125, 250, dan 375 mg/kg pakan. Vitamin E dilarutkan dalam minyak nabati dan dicampur dengan putih telur sebagai perekat pada pakan. Vitamin E disemprotkan ke pakan dan dikeringanginkan. Induk betina ikan komet pascasalin dengan bobot 72,78±19,47 g diberi perlakuan selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk betina ikan komet yang diberi suplementasi vitamin E sebanyak 375 mg/kg dalam pakan memiliki diameter telur 0,92±0,05 mm, gonadosomatic index 8,86±4,62%, fekunditas 56,00±29,18 butir/g ikan, dan germinal vesicle breakdown 67,35±17,67% yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Dengan demikian, suplementasi vitamin E sebesar 375 mg/kg pada pakan adalah dosis terbaik dalam meningkatkan produktivitas induk betina ikan komet. Kata kunci: induk betina, ikan komet, vitamin E, kualitas reproduksi

Growth and Feed Efficiency of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Reared in Different Salinities

The objective of this research was to know the effect of salinity on the growth and utilized of feed energy by red tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Four fishes with 4,15-4,42 g initial body weights were cultured in a 50x40x35 cm aquarium for 40 days. Fish were fed on these diets three times a day at satiation. Dietary growth rate, feed efficiency, protein and lipid retention increased with increasing salinity (p<0.05). No significant differences in feed consumption and survival rate were observed at different salinities. From this research it can be concluded that the best condition for red tilapia was salinity of 10-20 o /oo.