Michael Knoop

Vertical safety interfaces: improving the efficiency of modular certification

Modular certification is a technique for transferring the modularity of an embedded systems architecture to the traditionally monolithic craft of safety engineering. Particularly when applying integrated architectures like AUTOSAR or IMA, modular certification allows the construction of modular safety cases, which ensures the flexible handling of platforms and applications. However, the task of integrating these safety cases is still a manual and expensive endeavor, lowering the intended flexibility of an integrated architecture. We propose a toolsupported semi-automatic integration method that preserves the architectures flexibility and helps to lower the integration costs. Our method is based on a language capable of specifying the conditions for a valid integration of a platform and of an application using a contract-based approach to model safety case interfaces. This paper presents the language in detail.

Requirements and Evaluation of a Smartphone Based Dead Reckoning Pedestrian Localization for Vehicle Safety Applications

The objective of this paper is to propose a smartphone based outdoor dead reckoning localization solution, show its experimental performance and classify this performance into the context of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) based pedestrian protection systems for vehicle safety applications. The proposed approach estimates the position, velocity and orientation with inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver and an air pressure sensor without any restriction to pedestrians, like step length models or a relationship between smartphone orientation and walking direction. Thus, an application makes sense in handbags, trouser pockets or school bags. The dead reckoning localization filter was evaluated in measurements and compared with a highly accurate reference system. Furthermore, the requirements of measurement and modelling uncertainties in a pedestrian protection system with a low false-positive rate were derived and compared with the reference measurements. The results demonstrated that an appropriate use of the proposed system approach is only possible with more accurate positioning solutions from the GNSS receiver. According to this the necessity of differential GNSS methods was predicted.