Michael Robin Honer

Resistência anti-helmíntica de nematóides gastrintestinais em ovinos, Mato Grosso do Sul

Among the methods of control of gastrointestinal worms in sheep, the use of chemicals is the most common. However, the continued, and indiscriminate, use of these products has selected populations of resistant helminths to anthelmintics, a phenomenon reported in the whole world. This study aimed to identify the species of gastrointestinal parasites and diagnose the status of anthelmintic resistance in sheep in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil. Feacal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were performed in flocks of sixteen farms, and the seven formulations used contained the following pharmacological bases: Albendazole, Ivermectin, Levamizol, Trichlorfon, Moxidectin, Closantel and one containing the first three in association. The species identified at necropsy, in adult sheep, were: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, C. punctata, C. pectinata and Oesophagostomum columbianum, in order of prevalence. The formulations containing Albendazole and Ivermectin did not show efficacy in reducing the EPG in the flocks tested, with average reductions of 0.7 and -19.6%, respectively. Closantel presented an average efficacy of 6.7%; Levamisolee, Moxidectin and Trichlorfon, 28.7, 26.8 and 65% respectively, the combination of three bases (Albendazole, Ivermectin and Levamizol), an average efficacy of 55.8 %. The average percentages of infective larvae recovered in the faecal cultures, pre and post treatment were similar, indicating that resistance to the bases tested is present in all species cited, to a greater or lesser degree. The two genera predominantly resistant are Haemonchus sp., with 86.9%, followed by Trichostrongylus sp., with an average of 47.5%, Strongyloides sp. 33.6%, Oesophagostomum sp. 21.4% and Cooperia sp. 19.7%.

Comportamento de Lutzomyia longipalpis, vetor principal da leishmaniose visceral americana, em Campo Grande, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

The municipality of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, has presented cases of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis since 2002, and is classified as an area of intense transmission. This study was carried out from May 2003 to April 2005, in partnership with the National Health Foundation and the State Health Department, with the objective of determining the behavior and seasonality of the species Lutzomyia longipalpis. Captures were accomplished using luminous traps of CDC type, at twelve stations distributed in the urban zone. The stations with the highest population densities were situated in the southern part of the city and the relative abundance increased during or immediately after rainfall. During the cold and dry months, the number of specimens was reduced and the relative abundance was higher in habitats surrounding homes. Spraying with alpha-cypermethrin at four-month intervals contributed towards reducing the vector numbers in three of the four sprayed stations. Among the eight stations that did not receive chemical interventions, five showed an increase.

Characterization of tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS patients at a referral center in Mato Grosso do Sul.

Tuberculosis was investigated regarding its clinical presentation, treatment outcome and sociodemographic profile among HIV patients attended at a referral center in Mato Grosso do Sul, in 2003-2005. Sixty-six medical files on patients over 14 years of age and data from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases relating to tuberculosis and from the Mortality Information System were analyzed. Most of the patients were male, white, of low schooling level and from urban areas. Increased extrapulmonary clinical presentation was found and it correlated with the degree of immunological competence. The main reasons for ceasing treatment were cure (reached after longer-than-expected follow-up) and death (of six patients at the beginning of the tuberculosis treatment). Information gaps were found in the tuberculosis notification records and medical files. The study revealed the need for early diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients, improvements in medical records and follow-up beyond the recommended duration, because of changes to the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in cases of comorbidity with HIV.

Infant mortality and its preventability in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, 2000-2002

This retrospective study describes the epidemiological profile of infant mortality in 2000-2002 in 16 counties in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, and evaluates the preventability of such deaths, using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) and the List of Causes of Death Preventable by Interventions in the Setting of the Brazilian Unified National Health System in Children Under Five Years. Perinatal causes accounted for 54.3% of the 1,537 deaths, according to the Mortality Information System; congenital anomalies 14.9%; infectious and parasitic diseases 9.4%; and respiratory disorders 7%. A full 73.1% of deaths were preventable, and most (69.5%) resulted from inadequate prenatal, obstetric, and neonatal care. Additional causes were related to vaccine prevention (0.7%), diagnosis and treatment (10.4%), and health promotion (11.2%). Causes not entirely avoidable accounted for 24.3% of deaths. The findings emphasize the relevance of monitoring adverse maternal-infant conditions and events, particularly to reduce early neonatal mortality (<7 days of life).

Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

INTRODUCTION This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009. METHODS Human data were collected from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Canine cases and entomological data were obtained from the Information Service for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Control/Campo Grande, MS. RESULTS A total of 951 records from 2002 to 2009 were investigated. The number of reported cases of VL in males was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that in females. The higher frequency observed among males was associated with age (p < 0.0001), which increased in individuals aged 40 years and older. The overall fatality rate was 7.4%. Entomological surveys conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2009 showed the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to be present in all urban regions of the county. CONCLUSIONS VL cases in humans and dogs, as well as in vectors, occurs in all urban regions of Campo Grande. Despite not observing tendencies of increase or reduction in the incidence of the disease due to aging, the major incidence in men is higher in those aged 40 years or above.

RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

Visceral leishmaniasis affects various organs including the kidneys; which can lead to renal failure and death. In order to verify this renal involvement, material was evaluated from 100 dogs naturally infected and with serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Inflammatory changes were present in 25.3% of the tubules, in 67.0% of interstitium and in 52.0% of glomeruli. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the presence of glomerulonephritis in symptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs. The membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were the most frequent, both with 18.0% frequency, followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with 14.0%. Changes such as cylindruria, tubular and fibrosis hypertrophy, periglomerular inflammatory infiltrate, and multifocal and diffuse peritubular inflammatory infiltrate were observed. The findings are consistent with those of other authors indicating that renal involvement is common in CVL and the standards of membranous and membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis, as well as the tubulointerstitial involvement, are frequent.

Study of the proteins in the defatted flour and protein concentrate of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata Vog)

O baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) e uma leguminosa abundante no Cerrado brasileiro, cuja castanha pode ser explorada atraves do uso sustentavel para o aproveitamento das fracoes proteicas e lipidicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as proteinas desta castanha, presentes na farinha desengordurada e no concentrado proteico, quanto as suas propriedades funcionais, ao perfil das fracoes proteicas e a digestibilidade in vitro. A farinha desengordurada com hexano foi submetida a extracao no pH de maior solubilidade das proteinas, obtendo-se o concentrado proteico. O perfil eletroforetico das fracoes proteicas foi avaliado em gel de SDS-PAGE. As propriedades funcionais indicaram a possibilidade de emprego em diversos alimentos, assim como a soja, conferindo capacidade de absorcao de agua, capacidade de absorcao de oleo, propriedades emulsificantes e espumabilidade. As globulinas, seguidas das albuminas, sao as fracoes majoritarias da farinha e do concentrado proteico, respectivamente. A digestibilidade foi superior no concentrado em relacao a farinha desengordurada.

Ocorrência de hemoglobina S no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobinopathies are the most common genetic disorders in humans and Hb S is the most frequent among them. Its occurrence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul has not been systematically analyzed yet. OBJECTIVES: To describe the occurrence of hemoglobin S according to genotypes, gender, age at the moment of diagnosis, cover index and prevalence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective, transversal and descriptive study of the results of neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies performed with high pressure liquid chromatography technique at Instituto de Pesquisa, Ensino e Diagnosticos da Associacao dos Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (IPED/APAE) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (2000-2005). RESULTS: Among 190,809 screened individuals, 2,624 (1.38%) showed alterations, 2,385 were neonates and 239 were children aged 28 days or more. There was no difference in gender (1,335 females and 1,289 males). The altered genotypes were FAS (99.16%), FS (0.61%) and FSC (0.23%). CONCLUSION: This first study of neonatal screening in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul revealed that the state program developed by IPED/APAE has been consolidating and advancing as to cover index and early diagnosis. These indicators may be the basis for preventive (genetic counseling and family studies) and assistance measures (continuous ambulatory treatment), which aim at the reduction of morbimortality in individuals with these hemoglobinopathies in the state.resumo Background: Hemoglobinopathies are the most common genetic disorders in humans and Hb S is the most frequent among them. Its occurrence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul has not been systematically analyzed yet. Objectives: To describe the occurrence of hemoglobin S according to genotypes, gender, age at the moment of diagnosis, cover index and prevalence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Material and method: Retrospective, transversal and descriptive study of the results of neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies performed with high pressure liquid chromatography technique at Instituto de Pesquisa, Ensino e Diagnosticos da Associacao dos Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (IPED/APAE) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (20002005). Results: Among 190,809 screened individuals, 2,624 (1.38%) showed alterations, 2,385 were neonates and 239 were children aged 28 days or more. There was no difference in gender (1,335 females and 1,289 males). The altered genotypes were FAS (99.16%), FS (0.61%) and FSC (0.23%). Conclusion: This first study of neonatal screening in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul revealed that the state program developed by IPED/APAE has been consolidating and advancing as to cover index and early diagnosis. These indicators may be the basis for preventive (genetic counseling and family studies) and assistance measures (continuous ambulatory treatment), which aim at the reduction of morbimortality in individuals with these hemoglobinopathies in the state. unitermos key words Triagem neonatal

Titulação de anticorpos contra o vírus da raiva em cães, em Campo Grande, MS, na Campanha Anti-Rábica de 2003

To assess the immune response in dogs attended during the 2003 anti-rabies animal vaccination campaign, 333 serum samples collected at different vaccination posts were analyzed. It was found that 51.1% of the animals did not have protective titers. No correlation was found between vaccine application or multiple vaccinations and higher immune titers.

Thermal properties of defatted meal, concentrate, and protein isolate of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata Vog.)

Componentes de polpa e de semente de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), leguminosa do cerrado brasileiro, foram objetos de estudo neste trabalho. Analises termicas, Termogravimetria (TG) e Calorimetria Exploratoria Diferencial (DSC) foram utilizadas na investigacao de proteinas em farinha desengordurada, concentrado e isolado proteico. A extracao do concentrado proteico foi em pH 10, seguida de precipitacao no ponto isoeletrico para obter o isolado, o qual foi seco por atomizacao. As curvas termogravimetricas foram obtidas em atmosfera de nitrogenio em vazao de 100 mL/minutos. As temperaturas iniciais, finais e de pico foram analisadas, assim como a perda de massa. Na faixa de temperatura avaliada, a farinha desengordurada e o concentrado apresentaram quatro etapas de perda de massa, enquanto que o isolado apenas duas etapas. O conteudo de proteina da farinha desengordurada da semente de Baru foi mais alto do que do isolado. Por outro lado, ocorreu reducao da entalpia, sugerindo que o processo aplicado na obtencao do concentrado e isolado de baru levou a desnaturacao das proteinas.