Michael W. Doyle

Liberalism and World Politics

Building on a growing literature in international political science, I reexamine the traditional liberal claim that governments founded on a respect for individual liberty exercise “restraint†and “peaceful intentions†in their foreign policy. I look at three distinct theoretical traditions of liberalism, attributable to three theorists: Schumpeter, a democratic capitalist whose explanation of liberal pacifism we often invoke; Machiavelli, a classical republican whose glory is an imperialism we often practice; and Kant, a liberal republican whose theory of internationalism best accounts for what we are. Despite the contradictions of liberal pacifism and liberal imperialism, I find, with Kant and other democratic republicans, that liberalism does leave a coherent legacy on foreign affairs. Liberal states are different. They are indeed peaceful. They are also prone to make war. Liberal states have created a separate peace, as Kant argued they would, and have also discovered liberal reasons for aggression, as he feared they might. I conclude by arguing that the differences among liberal pacifism, liberal imperialism, and Kants internationalism are not arbitrary. They are rooted in differing conceptions of the citizen and the state.

International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis

International peacebuilding can improve the prospects that a civil war will be resolved. Although peacebuilding strategies must be designed to address particular conflicts, broad parameters that fit most conflicts can be identified. Strategies should address the local roots of hostility, the local capacities for change, and the (net) specific degree of international commitment available to assist sustainable peace. One can conceive of these as the three dimensions of a triangle whose area is the “political space”—or effective capacity—for building peace. We test these propositions with an extensive data set of 124 post–World War II civil wars and find that multilateral, United Nations peace operations make a positive difference. UN peacekeeping is positively correlated with democratization processes after civil war, and multilateral enforcement operations are usually successful in ending the violence. Our study provides broad guidelines for designing the appropriate peacebuilding strategy, given the mix of hostility, local capacities, and international capacities.

New Thinking In International Relations Theory

* Introduction: The End of the Cold War, the Classical Tradition, and International Change Michael W. Doyle and G. John Ikenberry * Inventing International Relations: International Relations Theory After 1945 Miles Kahler * Post-Theory: The Eternal Return of Ethics in International Relations James Der Derian * Feminist Inquiry and International Relations Jean Bethke Elshtain * Geopolitics and Change Daniel Deudney * Complexity, Formal Methods, and Ideology in International Studies James DeNardo * Realist International Theory and the Study of World Politics Joseph M. Grieco * Domestic Structure and International Change Matthew Evangelista * Institutions and Change Steven Weber * Conclusion: Continuity and Innovation in International Relations Theory G. J. Ikenberry and M. W. Doyle.

Keeping the peace : multidimensional UN operations in Cambodia and El Salvador

1. Introduction Michael W. Doyle, Ian Johnstone and Robert C. Orr Part I. Cambodia: 2. Three visions of politics in Cambodia David Chandler 3. The political dynamics of the peacekeeping process in Cambodia Jin Song 4. The Cambodian settlement agreements Nishkala Suntharalingam 5. Holding a fragile peace: the military and civilian components of UNTAC Cheryl M. Lee Kim and Mark Metrikas 6. Authority and elections in Cambodia Michael W. Doyle 7. Returning home: the repatriation of Cambodian refugees Brian Williams 8. Quick impacts, slow rehabilitation in Cambodia Elisabeth Uphoff Kato Part II. El Salvador: 9. Insurrection and civil war in El Salvador Edelberto Torres-Rivas 10. Peacekeeping in El Salvador Mark Levine 11. The El Salvador peace accords: using international and domestic law norms to build peace Timothy A. Wilkins 12. From peacekeeping to peacebuilding: restructuring military and police institutions in El Salvador David H. McCormick 13. Rights and reconciliation in El Salvador Ian Johnstone 14. The arms-for-land deal in El Salvador Graciana del Castillo 15. Strategies for peace: conclusions and lessons Michael W. Doyle, Ian Johnstone and Robert C. Orr.

Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century

Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Introduction: Discovering the Limits and Potential of Peacekeeping Part 3 Fifty Years of Peacemaking and Peacekeeping Chapter 4 Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century Chapter 5 Communal Conflict as a Challenge to International Organization: The Case of the Former Yugoslavia Part 6 Preventing Deadly Conflict Chapter 7 Preventive Action and Conflict Resolution Chapter 8 Preventive Diplomacy and Peacemaking: The UN Experience Part 9 Peacekeeping, Peace Enforcement and the Use of Force Chapter 10 Under What Circumstances Should the UN Intervene Militarily in a Domestic Crisis? Chapter 11 Dabbling in War: The Dilemma of the Use of Force in United Nations Intervention Chapter 12 Challenges of the New Peacekeeping Chapter 13 Prospects for a Rapid Response Capability: A Dialogue Part 14 Humanitarian Protection Chapter 15 Humanitarian Action and Peacekeeping Chapter 16 Humanitarian Responses to International Emergencies Part 17 Regional Dimensions Chapter 18 The Failed State and Political Collapse in Africa Chapter 19 The OAU Role in Conflict Management Chapter 20 The Contribution of Regional Organizations in Europe Part 21 Peacebuilding Chapter 22 A Holistic Approach to Building Peace Chapter 23 Conclusion

The New Interventionism

This paper focuses on the boundaries of political sovereignty, one key aspect of global political justice and an important background condition to the issues of global economic justice treated in the other papers of this volume. I first present an interpretive summary of the traditional arguments against and for intervention, stressing, to a greater extent than is usual, the consequentialist character of the ethics of intervention. It makes a difference whether we think that an intervention will do more good than harm, and some of the factors that determine the outcome are matters of strategy and institutional choice. I then explore the significance of a key factor that makes for much of what is new in the new interventionism: the role of multilateral and particularly U.N. authorization and implementation. I argue that the more salient role of the United Nations should lead us to a more expansive tolerance of international intervention and that global standards of justice, both political and economic, can therefore be more widely enforced against claims to national autonomy.

The UN in Cambodia: Lessons for complex peacekeeping

This article examines what worked and what did not work in the United Nations operation in Cambodia. It then considers the factors that produce success and failure in multidimensional peacekeeping ...

Stalemate in the North-South Debate: Strategies and the New International Economic Order

A review of the recent literature reveals that during the 1970s there were three major positions in the North-South debate over the New International Economic Order (NIEO). Each represented a relatively coherent perspective on and strategy for reforming the international economy. The Structuralist position, advocating the NIEO, captured the allegiance of much of the South (the developing countries). The Functionalist position, supported by most of the governments of Northern capitalist societies, rejected the NIEO and sought to promote stable and dependable change through the specialized international agencies, such as the IMF, in which the North has considerable influence. A third position, with nongovernmental adherents from both North and South, urged Neofunctionalist reform directed toward global human rights, both civil and economic. Each of these perspectives represented a significant aspect of the actual condition of the international order, but none had the capacity to carry out its strategy. The result has been stalemate both in the negotiations for a NIEO and in the debate over the direction future international change should take.

The Globalization of Human Rights

The Globalisation of Human Rights addresses a set of questions focusing on the justice at the national, regional, and international levels. The examination of these questions is conducted through analysis of rights, both civil and political, and economic and social. Any search for justice is based upon identifying values, including relationships with others that are eventually institutionalized as rights. Such rights become the basis upon which claims are made, as well as the horizon of justice to which society and institutions try to conform. This volume maps out the requirements of justice for all mankind, providing normative guidelines as well as goals.

The Canon and the Cannon: A Review Essay@@@Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism and Socialism.

He explores their enduring theories, and recommends that they be applied to todays fundamental international dilemmas. Although no one school has all the answers, this analysis maintains that history has provided the theoretical tools to meet modern challenges, and that great political minds of the past can still guide modern politicians through the confusion of current events.