Michal Kumstát

Case Study: Competition Nutrition Intakes during the Open Water Swimming Grand Prix Races in Elite Female Swimmer

The nutritional intake of elite open water swimmers during competition is not well established, and therefore this case study aims to provide new insights by describing the feeding strategies adopted by an elite female swimmer (28 yrs; height; 1.71 m; body mass: 60 kg; body fat: 16.0%) in the FINA open water Grand Prix 2014.Seven events of varying distances (15-88 km) and durations (3-12 hrs) were included. In all events, except one, feeds were provided from support boats. Swimmer and support staff were instructed to track in detail all foods and beverages consumed during the events. Nutritional information was gathered from the packaging and dietary supplements labels and analyzed by nutrition software. Mean carbohydrate (CHO) and protein intake reached 83 ± 5 g·h-1 and 12 ± 8 g·h-1, respectively. Fat intake was neglected (~1 g·h-1). Mean in-race energy intake reached 394 ± 26 kcal·h-1. Dietary supplements in the form of sport beverages and gels, containing multitransportable CHO, provided 40 ± 4 and 49 ± 6% of all CHO energy, respectively. Caffeine (3.6 ± 1.8 mg·kg-1 per event) and sodium (423 ± 16 mg·h-1) were additionally supplemented in all events. It was established that continuous intake of high doses of CHO and sodium and moderate dose of caffeine were an essential part of the feeding strategy for elite-level high intensity ultra-endurance open-water swimming races. A well scheduled and well-prepared nutrition strategy is believed to have ensured optimal individual performance during Grand Prix events.

Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition in Aikido Practitioners

Although aikido is a non-competitive martial art, it is recognised by SportAccord as worldwide practiced combat sport. There is a lack of scientific research in aikido and the influence of aikido practice on the human body is not known. This is the first study that presents anthropometric characteristics and body composition data in aikido practitioners. 33 adult male aikido athletes (age 36.5 +/- 9.6 years, height 178 +/- 8 cm, weight 81.2 +/- 10.1 kg) were measured. All subjects were divided from beginner to intermediate and advanced group, and were recruited from the Czech Aikido Federation which is officially recognised by the centre of aikido in Japan. As main methods, bio impedance and skinfold measurements were realized. In aikido, body composition does not play an important role compared to other martial arts. Average values are similar to reference of non-athlete population (BMI 25.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m, BF 17.18 +/- 5.18 %, FFM 65.71 +/- 7.69 kg, BSA 1.98 +/- 0.15 m(2)). Even though, aikido has positive effects on body composition, it does not have a high impact. Thus, aikido players should also gain benefits from other aspects of martial arts.

Effect of Compression Garments on Physiological Responses After Uphill Running

Abstract Limited practical recommendations related to wearing compression garments for athletes can be drawn from the literature at the present time. We aimed to identify the effects of compression garments on physiological and perceptual measures of performance and recovery after uphill running with different pressure and distributions of applied compression. In a random, double blinded study, 10 trained male runners undertook three 8 km treadmill runs at a 6% elevation rate, with the intensity of 75% VO2max while wearing low, medium grade compression garments and high reverse grade compression. In all the trials, compression garments were worn during 4 hours post run. Creatine kinase, measurements of muscle soreness, ankle strength of plantar/dorsal flexors and mean performance time were then measured. The best mean performance time was observed in the medium grade compression garments with the time difference being: medium grade compression garments vs. high reverse grade compression garments. A positive trend in increasing peak torque of plantar flexion (60o·s-1, 120o·s-1) was found in the medium grade compression garments: a difference between 24 and 48 hours post run. The highest pain tolerance shift in the gastrocnemius muscle was the medium grade compression garments, 24 hour post run, with the shift being +11.37% for the lateral head and 6.63% for the medial head. In conclusion, a beneficial trend in the promotion of running performance and decreasing muscle soreness within 24 hour post exercise was apparent in medium grade compression garments.

Pohybový program pro jedince s rizikovými faktory kardiovaskulárních onemocnění

Cilem sděleni je představit pilotni 3měsicni pohybový program zaměřený na III. a IV. fazi kardiovaskularni rehabilitace. Programu se zucastnilo 6 osob (59+-9 let)po akutnim infarktu myokardu s nekomplikovaným průbehem, s provedenou revaskularizaci myokardu. Pilotni Projekt Fakulty sportovnich studii, I. interni kardiologicke kliniky Lekařske fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a rehabilitacniho odděleni Fakultni nemocnice Brno v soucasnosti pokracuje druhým 3měsicnim programem. Ukazala se zde potřeba vytvořit pevnějsi navaznost na posthospitalizacni rehabilitacni peci.