Miguel A. Bustamante

Analysis of the Characteristics and Components for the Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults from Central Chile. The PIEI-ES Study

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and to characterize frailty in elderly subjects in four urban provincial capitals and two rural communes from Maule Region in Chile. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS 1205 participants aged 65 and older. METHODS The dataset was obtained from the PIEI-ES Study. Frailty syndrome was determined according to the criteria proposed by Fried. Data collection included questionnaires. RESULTS The study sample included 1205 individuals, of which 68% were females. Mean age was 73 years. The overall prevalence of frailty was 24.6%. Increase prevalence of frailty was observed in people 80 years old and older, both in women and men. Using adjusted logistic regression, advanced frailty state was more likely to occur in subjects with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that frailty may be related with cognitive functioning, educational level and nutritional status in older adults.

JPI UML Software Modeling

Aspect-Oriented Programming AOP extends object-oriented programming OOP with aspects to modularize crosscutting behavior on classes by means of aspects to advise base code in the occurrence of join points according to pointcut rules definition. However, join points introduce dependencies between aspects and base code, a great issue to achieve an effective independent development of software modules. Join Point Interfaces JPI represent join points using interfaces between classes and aspect, thus these modules do not depend of each other. Nevertheless, since like AOP, JPI is a programming methodology; thus, for a complete aspect-oriented software development process, it is necessary to define JPI requirements and JPI modeling phases. Towards previous goal, this article proposes JPI UML class and sequence diagrams for modeling JPI software solutions. A purpose of these diagrams is to facilitate understanding the structure and behavior of JPI programs. As an application example, this article applies the JPI UML diagrams proposal on a case study and analyzes the associated JPI code to prove their hegemony.

Fundamentos de la Enseñanza por Competencias a Nivel de Postgrado en dos Universidades Públicas Chilenas

espanolSe identifican los fundamentos de la practica docente de postgrado en el contexto de la ensenanza basada en competencias en dos universidades publicas chilenas. El estudio, cualitativo, no experimental y exploratorio, se realizo mediante el analisis de las actividades academicas de profesores de diversos perfiles. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el analisis de contenido de los discursos escritos recogidos de una muestra de 66 profesores. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra una dicotomia entre declaracion y practica docente que se enfoca en el modelo tradicional de ensenanza, de caracter cognitivo, mas que en el desarrollo de capacidades asociadas a la ensenanza basada en competencias. En una de las universidades se evidencian concepciones ambivalentes que los situan en el modelo de ensenanza tradicional, por objetivo. En la otra se observa un perfil docente enfocado en el profesionalismo. EnglishThe foundations of the educational practice of graduate studies are identified in the context of the teaching by competence in two Chilean public universities. The study, qualitative, not experimental and exploratory, was carried out by means of the analysis of the academic activities of professors of diverse profiles. The data were processed by means of the analysis of content of the written speeches collected from a sample of 66 professors. Among the main results a dichotomy is found between declaration and educational practice that is focused in the traditional pattern of teaching, of cognitive character, more than in the development of capacities associated to the teaching by competence. In one of the universities, ambivalent conceptions are evidenced that locate them in the pattern of traditional teaching, by objective. In the other one, an educational profile focused on professionalism is observed.