Mikael Martinez

Quasi-monoenergetic laser-plasma acceleration of electrons to 2 GeV

Laser-plasma accelerators of only a centimetre’s length have produced nearly monoenergetic electron bunches with energy as high as 1 GeV. Scaling these compact accelerators to multi-gigaelectronvolt energy would open the prospect of building X-ray free-electron lasers and linear colliders hundreds of times smaller than conventional facilities, but the 1 GeV barrier has so far proven insurmountable. Here, by applying new petawatt laser technology, we produce electron bunches with a spectrum prominently peaked at 2 GeV with only a few per cent energy spread and unprecedented sub-milliradian divergence. Petawatt pulses inject ambient plasma electrons into the laser-driven accelerator at much lower density than was previously possible, thereby overcoming the principal physical barriers to multi-gigaelectronvolt acceleration: dephasing between laser-driven wake and accelerating electrons and laser pulse erosion. Simulations indicate that with improvements in the laser-pulse focus quality, acceleration to nearly 10 GeV should be possible with the available pulse energy.

Demonstration of a 1.1 petawatt laser based on a hybrid optical parametric chirped pulse amplification/mixed Nd:glass amplifier

We present the design and performance of the Texas Petawatt Laser, which produces a 186 J 167 fs pulse based on the combination of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) and mixed Nd:glass amplification. OPCPA provides the majority of the gain and is used to broaden and shape the seed spectrum, while amplification in Nd:glass accounts for >99% of the final pulse energy. Compression is achieved with highly efficient multilayer dielectric gratings.

Broad-spectrum neodymium-doped laser glasses for high-energy chirped-pulse amplification

We have investigated two novel laser glasses in an effort to generate high-energy, broad-spectrum pulses from a chirped-pulse amplification Nd:glass laser. Both glasses have significantly broader spectra (>38 nm FWHM) than currently available Nd:phosphate and Nd:silicate glasses. We present calculations for small signal pulse amplification to simulate spectral gain narrowing. The technique of spectral shaping using mixed-glass architecture with an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification front end is evaluated. Our modeling shows that amplified pulses with energies exceeding 10 kJ with sufficient bandwidth to achieve 120 fs pulsewidths are achievable with the use of the new laser glasses. With further development of current technologies, a laser system could be scaled to generate one exawatt in peak power.

Design of the Texas petawatt laser

We report on the design of a novel, high energy (200 J), short pulse (150 fs) laser that is based on hybrid, broadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) and mixed silicate and phosphate Nd:glass amplification.

The Texas Petawatt Laser

We report on the 200 J, 150 fs Texas Petawatt Laser. A hybrid amplification with OPCPA in BBO and YCOB crystals and mixed glasses is used for broadband gain. Scalability to Exawatt lasers is discussed.

Activation of a 1.1 Petawatt hybrid, OPCPA-Nd:glass laser

We report on the activation of the 1.1 Petawatt Laser (190 J, 170 fs) based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) and mixed Nd:glass amplification.

Impact of pre-plasma on fast electron generation and transport from short pulse, high intensity lasers

Previous experiments and modeling examining the impact of an underdense, pre-formed plasma in laser-plasma interactions have shown that the fast electrons are generated with energies higher than predicted by ponderomotive scaling [4, 3–14]. We report on experiments using the Texas Petawatt high intensity (150 fs, 1.5 × 1020 W cm−2) laser pulse, which were conducted to examine the mechanism for accelerating these high energy electrons. These experiments gauge the impact a controlled low density pre-formed plasma has on electron generation with a shorter time scale than previous experiments, 150–180 fs. Electron temperatures measured via magnetic spectrometer on experiment were found to be independent of preformed plasma. Supplemental computational results using 1D PIC simulations predict that super-ponderomotive electrons are generated inside a potential well in the pre-plasma [1]. However, while the potential well is established around 150 fs, the electrons require at least an additional 50 fs to be trapped and heated inside it.

Full-aperture backscatter diagnostics and applications at the Texas Petawatt Laser facility

In this paper, we present the development and application of a full-aperture backscatter diagnostics system at the Texas Petawatt Laser (TPW) facility. The diagnostic system includes three independent diagnostic stations. With this system, we obtained TPW on-shot focus properties, and high-harmonic spectral emission from solid foils (e.g., Cu and Al) and their Si substrate in an experiment to study laser hole boring, which show the hole-boring mechanism at relativistic intensities. The measured on-target full-power focal spots from ultrathin film targets help determine the optimum target thickness at certain laser contrast parameters for particle acceleration and neutron generation experiment, which is also a relative measurement of shot-toshot intensity fluctuations.

Study of the yield of D-D, D-3He fusion reactions produced by the interaction of intense ultrafast laser pulses with molecular clusters

The interaction of intense ultrafast laser pulses with molecular clusters produces a Coulomb explosion of the clusters. In this process, the positive ions from the clusters might gain enough kinetic energy to drive nuclear reactions. An experiment to measure the yield of D-D and D-3He fusion reactions was performed at University of Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science. Laser pulses of energy ranging from 100 to 180 J and duration 150fs were delivered by the Petawatt laser. The temperature of the energetic deuterium ions was measured using a Faraday cup, whereas the yields of the D-D reactions were measured by detecting the characteristic 2.45 MeV neutrons and 3.02 MeV protons. In order to allow the simultaneous measurement of 3He(D,p)4He and D-D reactions, different concentrations of D2 and 3He or CD4 and 3He were mixed in the gas jet target. The 2.45 MeV neutrons from the D(D,n)3He reaction were detecteded as well as the 14.7 MeV protons from the 3He(D,p)4He reaction. The preliminary results will be shown.

Pulse Contrast Measurements of the Texas Petawatt Laser

Temporal contrast of the Texas Petawatt laser is presented. The contrast is influenced by pencil beam prepulses on the timescale up to 110ns and by parametric fluorescence on the timescale of the OPCPA pump laser.