Mikhail Nauryzbayev

Transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and their distribution in soils of fall places of rocket carriers in Central Kazakhstan

In our research, three fall places of first stages of Proton rockets have been studied for the presence and distribution of transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (1,1-DMH). Results of identification of transformation products of 1,1-DMH in real soil samples polluted due to rocket fuel spills allowed to detect 18 earlier unknown metabolites of 1,1-DMH being formed only under field conditions. According to the results of quantitative analyses, maximum concentrations of 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole made up 57.3, 44.9 and 13.3 mg kg(-1), of 1-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole - 5.45, 3.66 and 0.66 mg kg(-1), of 1,3-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole - 24.0, 17.8 and 4.9 mg kg(-1) in fall places 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole was detected only in fall places 2 and 3 where its maximum concentrations made up 4.2 and 0.66 mg kg(-1), respectively. The pollution of soils with transformation products of 1,1-DMH was only detected in epicenters of fall places having a diameter of 8 to10 m where rocket boosters landed. The results of a detailed study of distribution of 1,1-DMH transformation products along the soil profile indicate that transformation products can migrate down to the depth of 120 cm, The highest concentrations of 1,1-DMH transformation products were detected, as a rule, at the depth 20 to 60 cm. However, this index can vary depending on the compound, humidity and physical properties of soil, landscape features and other conditions. In the surface layer, as a rule, only semi-volatile products of transformation were detected which was caused by fast evaporation and biodegradation of volatile metabolites.

Determination of 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in soils contaminated by rocket fuel using solid-phase microextraction, isotope dilution and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Environmental monitoring of Central Kazakhstan territories where heavy space booster rockets land requires fast, efficient, and inexpensive analytical methods. The goal of this study was to develop a method for quantitation of the most stable transformation product of rocket fuel, i.e., highly toxic unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine - 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (MTA) in soils using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quantitation of organic compounds in soil samples by SPME is complicated by a matrix effect. Thus, an isotope dilution method was chosen using deuterated analyte (1-(trideuteromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole; MTA-d3) for matrix effect control. The work included study of the matrix effect, optimization of a sample equilibration stage (time and temperature) after spiking MTA-d3 and validation of the developed method. Soils of different type and water content showed an order of magnitude difference in SPME effectiveness of the analyte. Isotope dilution minimized matrix effects. However, proper equilibration of MTA-d3 in soil was required. Complete MTA-d3 equilibration at temperatures below 40°C was not observed. Increase of temperature to 60°C and 80°C enhanced equilibration reaching theoretical MTA/MTA-d3 response ratios after 13 and 3h, respectively. Recoveries of MTA depended on concentrations of spiked MTA-d3 during method validation. Lowest spiked MTA-d3 concentration (0.24 mg kg(-1)) provided best MTA recoveries (91-121%). Addition of excess water to soil sample prior to SPME increased equilibration rate, but it also decreased method sensitivity. Method detection limit depended on soil type, water content, and was always below 1 mg kg(-1). The newly developed method is fully automated, and requires much lower time, labor and financial resources compared to known methods.

Production of Shungite Concentrates – Multifunctional Fillers for Elastomers

The chemical composition of shungite from “Bolshevik” deposit was studied by energy-element analysis. It was established by X-ray diffraction method that in addition to the carbon component of shungite has a mineral part: hydromica type of illite, gidromuskovit, quartz, dolomite, chlorite, pyrite and siderite. Enrichment by flotation of shungite was carried out to concentrate of carbon and stabilize composition. The possibility of partial or complete replacement of technical carbon by new fillers based on shungite in rubber mixes was studied. The influence of shungite filler on the strength properties of rubber was studied. Strength properties of rubbers filled with shungite are above, compared to the properties of rubber filled with carbon black. Reinforcing effect of elastomers filled shungite is above compared reinforcing effect of the of elastomers filled standard technical carbon black.

Study of physical chemical characteristics of shungite rocks from Kazakhstan and Russia using high-resolution physical chemical methods

Актуальность изучения новых структурных форм углерода и их свойств, а также существующие геологические проблемы древнейшего углерода объясняют неослабевающий уже третье столетие научный интерес к углероду шунгитовых пород России (месторождение «Зажогино»). В 70-е годы прошлого столетия геологи обнаружили эту разновидность углерода и в Казахстане – в золоторудном месторождении Бакырчик, в Восточно-Казахстанской области. Шунгиты различных месторождений характеризуются структурным подобием, но различием объемной морфологии, что служит причиной сравнения надмолекулярных структур шунгитов Карелии и месторождения Бакырчик. Методами Раман спектроскопии и рентгенодифракционного анализа изучены физико-химические характеристики шунгитовых пород месторождений «Бакырчик» и «Зажегино».

Synthesis and study of the surface rhodium-carbon catalysts

The method of chemical enrichment was obtained carbon concentrate (C = 40% wt.) on the base of shungit breeds, which serves as carrier of rhodium-carbon catalysts. It is established that due to the high carbon content is the best connection affinity Rh-C. Rhodium-carbon catalysts were studied by electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analysis.

Получение углерод-минеральных сорбентов на основе шунгита и использование их для очистки пищевых и сточных вод

On the developed technology flotation enrichments of shungit breeds of Kazakhstan the carbon concentrate of a constant chemical compound for alternative replacement of the carbon materials used in electrometallurgy by manufacture of carbon - mineral sorbents, as a substitute of technical carbon and in quality of filler in composite materials can be received.