Milan Jankovic

Residential heating contribution to level of air pollutants (PAHs, major, trace, and rare earth elements): a moss bag case study

In areas with moderate to continental climates, emissions from residential heating system lead to the winter air pollution peaks. The EU legislation requires only the monitoring of airborne concentrations of particulate matter, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, and B[a]P. Transition metals and rare earth elements (REEs) have also arisen questions about their detrimental health effects. In that sense, this study examined the level of extensive set of air pollutants: 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 41 major elements, trace elements, and REEs using Sphagnum girgensohnii moss bag technique. During the winter of 2013/2014, the moss bags were exposed across Belgrade (Serbia) to study the influence of residential heating system to the overall air quality. The study was set as an extension to our previous survey during the summer, i.e., non-heating season. Markedly higher concentrations of all PAHs, Sb, Cu, V, Ni, and Zn were observed in the exposed moss in comparison to the initial values. The patterns of the moss REE concentrations normalized to North American Shale Composite and Post-Archean Australian Shales were identical across the study area but enhanced by anthropogenic activities. The results clearly demonstrate the seasonal variations in the moss enrichment of the air pollutants. Moreover, the results point out a need for monitoring of air quality during the whole year, and also of various pollutants, not only those regulated by the EU Directive.

Open service access (OSA) business models and service level agreement aspects

This document addresses some SLA (service level agreement) topics and their possible impacts on OSA/Parlay systems and architectures. The first part of the document contains a definition for SLA, a general description of SLA characteristics and contents, and some considerations related to their usage in OSA/Parlay world. Some specific points, related mainly to OSA/Parlay gateway and framework interfaces, are also analysed. Chapter 5 extracts from the work done some conclusions and guidelines that can help network operators to deal with SLAs in OSA/Parlay context.

The importance of broadband communications for fighting sudden climate changes

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how broadband communications can be used to resolve problems related to the emission of gases with a greenhouse effect and to stop sudden climate changes. Good examples of the use of information-communication technologies (ICT) and broadband communications for reduction of carbon-dioxide (CO2) emission have been presented. Furthermore, the collection and the use of information based on ICT is applied in a number of other areas of everyday life such as health, food, energy, environment, waste collection, news.

Application of the Retail-Minus on price regulation in wholesale market of electronic communications

The paper deals with the role of Retail-Minus method in control of the wholesale prices in the broadband market in the Republic of Serbia. In telecom market of Republic of Serbia the dominant method arranged is cost-based pricing. However, years of experience of other countries has shown that the Retail-Minus method is precisely useful test for determining primarily the extent to which these prices should change and that this method combined with the cost based model can be very useful tool for price control by the regulator. The ultimate goal of this control is to encourage healthy competition between operators in this monopolized wholesale market, or a market where there is an operator with significant market power (SMP operator).

The application of femtocells as a technical solution for access networks

In the future, the technology of femtocell application („home base stations“) will most likely enable reduction of costs for telecommunications provider. This paper presents the installation and use of femtocells, as well as the problems one may encounter during this process. The possibilities of implementation of new equipment to existing mobile networks are also discussed.

Application of new regulations in the sector of electronic communications in Serbia

Rapid changes in the sector of electronic communications, especially the development of new technologies and convergence of telecommunications, media and information technologies call for constant changes and adjustments of the legal framework regulating this sector. One of the prime tasks of the electronic communications sector regulation in the Republic of Serbia is the process of market analysis whereby operators with significant market power are identified and regulatory obligations stipulated in order to re-establish the competition and protect the interests of the end-users and other market players. The focus of this paper will be the activities of the Republic Agency for Electronic Communications (RATEL) in the market analysis so far and the set of regulatory measures resulting from the analysis, as well as the peculiarities of the national legal framework and the electronic communications market.

Presentation and Economic Evaluation of Implementation of Positioning Service in 3G Mobile Networks

This paper provides a general description of the service for positioning of potential users, as well as the evaluation of cost-effectiveness of the utilization and integration in the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) of the company Telekom Srbija. It also offers a comparative analysis of potential markets for mobile network operators in Macedonia, Slovenia and Montenegro, who could also be potential users of such service.

Novel access architectures using a combination of SDR-HFR

The synergies between SDR (software defined radio) and HFR (hybrid fibre radio) technology mainly concern the infrastructure part of the UMTS radio access network. For the deployment of future UMTS radio access networks, new technologies like SDR and HFR can be used to allow faster rollout of new services, simultaneous provisioning of different radio standards and flexible migration to future radio systems. This paper investigates the advantages of network concepts using SDR and HFR technology, in particular in combination with advanced base station architectures for UMTS.

Development of mobile and broadband wireless technologies-towards global communications

The aim of this paper is to assist managers from different areas in strategic decision-making towards global mobile communications and broadband wireless systems. For several years, the ITU has been conducting a project aimed at setting future mobile standards as third generation and nowadays referred to as IMT 2000. The development of flexible radio access standards should ensure convergence of various terrestrial, satellite, fixed and mobile systems towards global service capabilities.