Milena Guedes Maniero

A comparative study on the degradation of RB-19 dye in an aqueous medium by advanced oxidation processes

The effectiveness of photolysis (UV), peroxidation (H(2)O(2)), peroxidation combined with UV light (UV/H(2)O(2)), Fenton reagent (H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)), and the photo-Fenton process (H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)/UV) at degrading the textile dye Reactive Blue 19 was evaluated. The efficiency of the photo-Fenton process for degrading raw textiles and biologically pre-treated effluents was also evaluated. H(2)O(2) (100-800 mg L(-1)) and UV light did not degrade dye when used separately. The UV/H(2)O(2) process was effective but slow: 91% of dye degraded within 3 h of reaction at a concentration of 500 mg L(-1) H(2)O(2). Fenton reagent reduced dissolved organic carbon by 36.8% and color was reduced by >98% within a few minutes of reaction. The photo-Fenton process was the most efficient, reducing 94.5% of dissolved organic carbon and 99.4% of color. The combination of a biological system and the photo-Fenton process degraded a high level of textile effluent degradation, reducing dissolved organic carbon by 88%, color by 85%, chemical oxygen demand by 80%, and biochemical oxygen demand by 93%.

Degradation of formaldehyde by advanced oxidation processes.

The degradation of formaldehyde in an aqueous solution (400 mg L(-1)) was studied using photolysis, peroxidation and advanced oxidation processes (UV/H(2)O(2), Fenton and photo-Fenton). Photolysis was the only process tested that did not reduce formaldehyde concentration; however, only advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) significantly decreased dissolved organic carbon (DOC). UV/H(2)O(2) and photo-Fenton AOPs were used to degrade formaldehyde at the highest concentrations (1200-12,000 mg L(-1)); the processes were able to reduce CH(2)O by 98% and DOC by 65%. Peroxidation with ultraviolet light (UV/H(2)O(2)) improved the efficiency of treatment of effluent from an anatomy laboratory. The effluents CH(2)O content was reduced by 91%, DOC by 48%, COD by 46% and BOD by 53% in 420 min of testing.

Degradation of flumequine by the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: evaluation of residual antimicrobial activity.

Flumequine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent of the quinolone class, and it is widely used as a veterinary drug in food-producing animals. The presence of flumequine in the environment may contribute to the development of drug resistant bacterial strains. In this study, water samples fortified with flumequine (500 μg L(-1)) were degraded using the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. The maximum degradation efficiency for flumequine by the Fenton process was approximately 40% (0.5 mmol L(-1) Fe(II), 2.0 mmol L(-1) H(2)O(2) and 15 min). By applying UV radiation (photo-Fenton process), the efficiency reached more than 94% in 60 min when 0.25 mmol L(-1) Fe(II) and 10.0 mmol L(-1) H(2)O(2) were used. Under these conditions, the Fenton process was able to reduce the biological activity, whereas the photo-Fenton process eliminated almost all of the antimicrobial activity because it was not detected. Four byproducts with an m/z of 244, 238, 220 and 202 were identified by mass spectrometry, and a degradation pathway for flumequine was proposed. The byproducts were derived from decarboxylation and defluorination reactions and from modifications in the alkylamino chain of the fluoroquinolone.

On-line solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a powerful technique for the determination of sulfonamide residues in soils

Sulfonamides are antimicrobials used widely as veterinary drugs, and their residues have been detected in environmental matrices. An analytical method for determining sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline residues in soils employing a solid phase extraction on-line technique coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated in this study. SPE and chromatographic separation were performed using an Oasis HLB column and an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 analytical column, respectively, at 40°C. Samples were prepared by extracting sulfonamides from soil using a solid-liquid extraction method with water:acetonitrile, 1:1v/v (recovery of 70.2-99.9%). The following parameters were evaluated to optimize the on-line SPE process: sorbent type (Oasis and C8), sample volume (100-400μL), loading solvent (water and different proportions of water:methanol) and washing volume (0.19-0.66mL). The method produced linear results for all sulfonamides from 0.5 to 12.5ngg(-1) with a linearity greater than 0.99. The precision of the method was less than 15%, and the matrix effect was -27% to -87%. The accuracy was in the range of 77-112% for all sulfonamides. The limit of quantitation in the two soils (clay and sand) was 0.5ngg(-1). The SPE column allowed for the analysis of many (more than 2000) samples without decreasing the efficiency.

Ocorrência e degradação de quinolonas por processos oxidativos avançados

In this review, the presence of quinolones in the environment, their risks and the available processes for water decontamination were addressed. Their occurrence in surface waters and also in soil raises concerns about the risk of the development of resistant bacteria and other potential chronic effects. AOPs (UV/H2O2, Fenton, photo-Fenton, and UV/TiO2) and ozonation proved effective for degrading these emerging contaminants due to hydroxyl radical formation, surpassing the efficacy of conventional methods. In addition, the main degradation mechanisms of these drugs as well as data on residual biological activity were analyzed.

Antibacterial Activity Inhibition after the Degradation of Flumequine by UV/H2O2

Abstract Flumequine is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent of the quinolone class widely used as veterinary drug in food-producing animals. It is considered as pseudo-persistent compound continuously introduced into the environment and its presence in the environment may contribute to the development of drug resistant bacterial strains. In this study antibacterial activity removal during flumequine degradation by UV/H2O2 was evaluated. The results showed that the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using UV/H2O2 was effective in removing the antibacterial activity of flumequine in aqueous solution. The dose-response dropped as the AOP removed flumequine from the solution during the treatment. After 15 minutes, the log dilution rose from -1.0 to -0.18 to achieve the antibacterial veterinary drug EC50. Moreover, after 30 minutes it was untraceable, which indicates flumequine degradation through AOP, as confirmed by quantitative HPLC analyses (degradation higher than 99%). It was also shown that the by-products formed during the oxidation did not offer stronger antibacterial activity. These results showed that AOP is technically efficient for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing flumequine.

Stripped sour water treatment by advanced oxidation processes

This study assessed the application of photolysis (UV), peroxidation (H2O2), peroxidation combined with ultraviolet light (UV/H2O2), Fenton’s reagent (H2O2/Fe(II)) and photo-Fenton (H2O2/Fe(II)/UV) processes in the treatment of stripped sour water from the Petrobras Replan Oil Refinery in Paulinia City, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To evaluate the efficiency of the process, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was monitored throughout the reaction period. Among the evaluated processes, peroxidation combined by ultraviolet radiation showed the best potential for its application in the stripped sour water treatment.

Ozonização em meio básico para redução de cor do licor negro de indústria de celulose de algodão

Pulp and paper mills discharge large amounts of wastewater containing high concentrations of lignin, a coloring substance that is dangerous and presents high toxicity to the environment. In this study, ozonation in alkaline ambience was evaluated for color reduction in black liquor, generated in a cotton linter mill. It was observed that the ozonation time to reach 80% color reduction was higher at a lower initial ozone dose (0,4 gO3 L-1 h-1) in comparison to a higher initial ozone dose (4,3 gO3 L-1 h-1). On the other hand, the amount of consumed oxidant was lower at the lower ozone dose. It is suggested that molecular oxygen participates in the oxidation mechanism of colored compounds, which is initiated by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) formed during ozonation in alkaline ambience.

Lomefloxacin Degradation: Antimicrobial Activity, Toxicity and Byproducts

Abstract Lomefloxacin (LOM) is an important antimicrobial drug. It has been detected in aqueous matrices in several countries. Its continuous introduction into the environment is a potential risk to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of LOM by photolysis, peroxidation, and peroxidation assisted by ultraviolet radiation; moreover, the residual antimicrobial activity, the toxicity, and the byproducts formed during degradation processes were evaluated. Peroxidation was inefficient for LOM degradation and was not able to reduce antimicrobial activity. Both photolysis and UV/H2O2 were able to degrade more than 95% of LOM in 60 min (radiation dose of 5267 mJ cm-2). However, toxicity increased while these processes were being applied. For all processes evaluated, antimicrobial activity was still detected in the solution after 60 min of testing. Four byproducts were identified: m/z 332, 336, 348, and 350.

Abatement and toxicity reduction of antimicrobials by UV/H2O2 process

Antimicrobials are continuously detected in environmental waters and their removal is important to avoid health and microorganisms damage. In this work, the peroxidation assisted by ultraviolet radiation (UV/H2O2) was studied to verify if the process was able to degrade sulfaquinoxaline and ofloxacin antimicrobials and to remove the toxicity and the antimicrobial activity of the solution. This process was effective on degradation of the antimicrobials, despite the antimicrobial activity removal, the toxicity of the solution increased throughout the reaction time.