Milton de Andrade Botrel

Avaliação de cultivares de alfafa e estimativas de repetibilidade de caracteres forrageiros

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of 42 cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and to estimate the repeatability coefficient for dry matter production, leaf and stem protein content and disease tolerance features during the dry (April to September) and rainy (October to March) seasons with six cuts. Dry matter yield and leaf protein content presented signifi- cant variation in both seasons, although stem protein content and tolerance to diseases were different only during the dry season. Cultivars Crioula and Cibola had the best performance in most features. In general, the repeatability coefficient showed a low magnitude estimate (below 0,40). Regarding dry matter production, the cultivars showed similar behavior in both seasons, with repeatability coeffi- cient ranging from 0.3195 to 0.4270, genotypic determination around 65% and the possibility to predict the real value after seven to nine cuts.

Avaliação agronômica de híbridos interespecíficos entre capim-elefante e milheto

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento agronomico de hibridos entre capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) e milheto (P. glaucum (E.) Leek), a fim de determinar seu potencial para o melhoramento da forragem e a selecao de hibridos para futuras avaliacoes. Foram utilizadas 12 cultivares de milheto e 11 clones de capim-elefante, cruzados em esquema de dialelo parcial. As 132 combinacoes hibridas, alem de duas testemunhas, foram avaliadas em experimentos em blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes. Anotaram-se dados de producao de materia seca, altura de plantas, porcentagem de materia seca, relacao entre folha e caule e de qualidade da forragem (porcentagem de proteina bruta, porcentagem de fibra em detergente neutro e acido e digestibilidade in vitro da materia orgânica). Foi verificada existencia de variabilidade entre os hibridos interespecificos de capim-elefante e milheto, na maioria das caracteristicas. A superioridade de alguns hibridos, em relacao as testemunhas, demonstra o potencial do cruzamento entre P. purpureum e P. glaucum para a obtencao de cultivares melhoradas. Considerando-se tanto caracteristicas de producao como de qualidade da forragem, os melhores hibridos avaliados foram 108 (F91-2-5 x M-60), 53 (F93-4-2 x M-27), 35 (F94-28-3 x M-42), 36 (F94-28-3 x M-60) e 4 (F92-101-2 x M-35).

Avaliação de gramíneas forrageiras na região sul de Minas Gerais

experiments were undertaken in the South region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, to evaluate the yield potential of forage grasses. In experiment 1, the following species, considered as having low nutritional requirements, were evaluated: Andropogon gayanus, Kunt; Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf; Brachiaria decumbens, Stapf; Brachiaria ruziziensis, Germain Evrard; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt and Melinis minutiflora, Beauv. In experiment 2, the species considered as having medium and high nutritional requirements, that is: Setaria sphacelata (Schum.); Hemarthria altissima, (Poir.) Stapf; Chloris gayana, Kunt; Cynodon nlemfuensis, Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis; Hyparrhenia rufa, (Ness) and the cultivars Panicum maximum, Jacq.: Tobiata, Green Panic and Makueni were evaluated. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three replications. Rates of lime and of fertilizers for both establishment and maintenance differed between experiments. Each grass was evaluated for the following atributes: forage yield and crude protein content in the dry and wet season and ground cover. In experiment 1, the grasses with outstanding performance were B. brizantha, B.decumbens and A. gayanus, while in experiment 2 the species having the highest forage yield potential were: S. sphacelata, P. maximum cv. Tobiata.

Potencial forrageiro de novos clones de capim-elefante

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the forage potential of new selected clones of elephantgrass. The evaluation was conducted at the Dairy Cattle Research Centre - EMBRAPA, Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais, for two consecutive years. Twenty selected clones obtained by the elephantgrass breeding program were evaluated, and two traditional cultivars Cameroon and Taiwan A -146 were used as control. The experimental procedure was a randomized block design with four replicates. The fertilization for both establishment and maintenance was applied according to the soil chemical analysis and elephant grass nutritional requirements. Significant differences among the clones were observed regarding to forage production potential, leaf:stem ratio, and aerial and basal tillering. The majority of the evaluated new clones were superior to the traditional cultivars Cameroon and Taiwan A-146 with relation to dry matter production during the dry and rainy periods. Crude protein content in the forage did not differ among the new clones and the control cultivars (Cameroon and Taiwan A-146), during both dry and rainy seasons. The clone F 27-01, released as elephant grass cultivar Pioneiro, was superior for the most evaluated agronomic traits.

Resposta do tifton 85 a doses de nitrogênio e intervalos de cortes

This experiment was carried out at Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite, located in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, from October, 1995 to October, 1997, to evaluate the effects of five N doses (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 kg/ha/year) and three cutting intervals (two, four and six weeks, during the rainy season, and four, six and eight weeks, during the dry season) on dry matter production and crude protein content of tifton 85. Data were analyzed as randomized blocks design in split-plot, with three replicates. The annual dry matter yield increased up to the highest dose of 600 kg/ha/year of N fertilization and up to four weeks cutting interval, during rainy season, and six-week cutting intervals, during the dry season. The highest production of dry matter was 23.1 ton/ha/year, of which 17.8 ton/ha were obtained in the rainy season. The lowest production was 2.6 ton/ha/year, of which 1.9 ton/ha were obtained in the rainy season. Crude protein content varied inversely with cutting intervals and as the amount of N fertilization increased up to dose of 600 kg/ha/year. The crude protein contents did not differ significantly with cutting intervals during the raining season. The highest level of crude protein obtained was 21.7%. Tifton 85 persistency was hampered in the absence of N fertilization and the shortest cutting interval.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade em cultivares de sorgo

Information about cultivars behavior obtained from only one local and year may not be enough for a cultivar recommendation due to the genotype x environment interaction occurrence. Then, cultivars indication based on stability and repeatability is more consistent because it enables previewing theirs performance under many environments. This work studied the adaptability and repeatability of dry matter production of seven sorghum cultivars to be used as silage. Data came from two sites (Coronel Pacheco and Lavras, Minas Gerais) and were obtained during two years (1997/98 and 1998/99) using a casual block with three replications design. Cultivar AG 2002 was recommended because showed the best productivity, good performance preview and was the cultivar that approached more to the ideal standard. Also, Volumax cultivar may be recommended due to its good performance when growing in favorable environments.

Evaluation under grazing of forage potential of Cynodon grass under two nitrogen and potassium levels

The study was undertaken in Coronel Pacheco - MG (National Dairy Cattle Reserch Center of the Brazilian Agricultural Corporation - EMBRAPA), to evaluate, under grazing conditions, the Cynodon nlenfuensis, Vanderyst and three cultivars of Cynodon dactylon, L. Pers. (Florona, Florakirk, Florico), fertilized with either 250:200 or 500:400 kg/ha/year of N:K2O. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in split-plot, and three replications. No significant difference on dry matter yield between the two rates of N/K2O were found. In both N:K2O rates, Florakirk cultivar presented the highest annual dry matter yield, however, in the dry season it showed a low yield level. The Florico was the cultivar with the lowest dry matter yield. The best and the worst forage distribution were exhibited by cultivars Florona and Florakirk, respectively. The CP contents in the forage was not influenced by either nitrogen rates or season, and directly related to the leaf-stem ratio. The highest CP contents were found in Florakirk, while the lowest in african stargrass grass and Florico cultivar. The IVDMD of forage produced during the rainy season was slightly superior to those of the dry season. The N:K2O rates did not influence IVDMD, which were higher in Florakirk and Florona cultivars.The study was undertaken in Coronel Pacheco – MG (National Dairy Cattle Reserch Center of the Brazilian Agricultural Corporation – EMBRAPA), to evaluate, under grazing conditions, the Cynodon nlenfuensis, Vanderyst and three cultivars of Cynodon dactylon, L. Pers. (Florona, Florakirk, Florico), fertilized with either 250:200 or 500:400 kg/ha/year of N:K2O. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in split-plot, and three replications. No significant difference on dry matter yield between the two rates of N/K2O were found. In both N:K2O rates, Florakirk cultivar presented the highest annual dry matter yield, however, in the dry season it showed a low yield level. The Florico was the cultivar with the lowest dry matter yield. The best and the worst forage distribution were exhibited by cultivars Florona and Florakirk, respectively. The CP contents in the forage was not influenced by either nitrogen rates or season, and directly related to the leaf-stem ratio. The highest CP contents were found in Florakirk, while the lowest in african stargrass grass and Florico cultivar. The IVDMD of forage produced during the rainy season was slightly superior to those of the dry season. The N:K2O rates did not influence IVDMD, which were higher in Florakirk and Florona cultivars.

Cultivares de alfafa em área de influência da Mata Atlântica no Estado de Minas Gerais

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial forrageiro de cultivares de alfafa ( Medicago sativa L.) em area de influencia da Mata Atlântica no Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliadas 30 cultivares de alfafa em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes. As sementes foram infectadas com a estirpe de Rhizobium melilotii BR 7407. No periodo das chuvas e da seca houve diferencas significativas entre as cultivares quanto ao potencial de producao de forragem, relacao folha/caule e tolerância a pragas e doencas. Quanto ao teor de proteina bruta, houve diferencas significativas entre as cultivares, somente no periodo das chuvas. As cultivares que se destacaram na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados foram a Crioula, P30, Monarca e Florida 77. As maiores producoes de forragem nas estacoes das chuvas e da seca foram obtidas pela cultivar Crioula, constituindo, assim, boa opcao para o cultivo da alfafa na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais.

Estratégia de fornecimento de concentrado para vacas da raça Holandesa em pastagens de coast-cross

The trial was carried out at the Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite, at Coronel Pacheco, Brazil, to evaluate two ways of feeding 6 kg/day of a concentrate mixture to cows grazing a coast-cross pasture: A - a fixed amount, and B - a variable amount (9, 6 and 3 kg/cow/day for the first, second, and third stage of lactation). A randomized block design was used with two replications for land grazing area, with the treatments organized in split plots. In the plots, the ways of feeding of distributing the ration concentrate were considered, and in the split plots, the phases of lactation were used. Feeding variable amount of concentrate affected (P 0.05), 93.1 (±10.8) and 94.8 (±10.9) kg/ha (P > 0.05) in the second phase; 14.2 (±2.2) and 13.4 (±2.3) kg/cow (P > 005) and 102.2 (±12.4) and 93.8 (±10.5) kg/ha (P > 0.05) in the last phase, respectively for A and B. The variable dose was the best indicated to supplement Holstein dairy cows in coast-cross pasture.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de alfafa em relação a diferentes épocas de corte

An experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Experimental Station of Sertaozinho, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with three replications. Plots were constituted of 5 rows, with 5m long, separated by 0.2m. Thirty-five alfalfa cultivars were evaluated for dry matter yield in 29 yielding