Min-Kyung Lee

Effects of a Combined Exercise Program Using an iPad for Older Adults.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the function, health status, and efficacy effects of a combined exercise program using an iPad among older women in Korea, a tech-savvy country. Methods The study employed a pretest and posttest experimental design with a control group. The experimental group of subjects comprised 16 female older adults and the control group comprised 10 who were aged 65 years or older. The experimental group participated in a supervised group-based exercise program and an individualized home-based exercise program that involved the use of an iPad. The combined group and home-based exercise program consisted of group exercise, which took place in a senior center for 30 minutes weekly, and a home-based iPad exercise program, which the subjects followed at least 3 times a week. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS ver. 9.3 TS Level 1M0) program, which utilized a chi-square test, a Fisher exact test, a t-test, and a repeated-measures ANOVA. Results The results showed that cognitive status changed significantly over time, and there was an interaction between group and time. Further, self-efficacy for exercise and outcome expectations for exercise changed significantly over time. Conclusions Exercise programs using iPad interventions may be useful for the management of cognitive functioning and the integration of functional physical abilities in older adults.

Effects of TRPV1 in formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in the orofacial area of rats

The present study investigated the inflammatory hypersensitivity following activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1(TRPV1) in rats. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-260g. Following an subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin in the orofacial area, nociceptive scratching behavior was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals in rats. The subcutaneous injection of of 5% formalin produced noxious scratching behavior. Injection of capsaicin, TRPV1 agonist, alone into the vibrissa pad did not produced nociceptive behavior. After subcutaneous injection of capsaicin(0, ) in the formalin-treated rats, nociceptive scratching behavior was recorded for 9 successive 5-min internals. Injection of capsaicin into the vibrissa pad significantly increased the number of scratches at 1 hours after injection. Noxious behavioral responses induced by subcutaneous capsaicin injection were significantly potentiated in formalin-treated rats. Pre or post-treatment with iodo-resinaferatoxin(IRTX), TRPV1 antagonist, significantly attenuated increased nociceptive behavior. These findings suggest that activation of the TRPV1 enhanced formalin-induced inflammatory pain in the orofacial area of rats.

Attenuant Effects of Hovenia dulcis Extract on Inflammatory Orifacial Pain in Rats

Hovenia dulcis extract (HDE) has positive effects on alcohol degradation, recovery of liver damage and antioxidant activities. This study examined whether HDE exerts an ameliorative effect on inflammatory orifacial pain in an animal algesic model with formalin. The animals (rats) were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (right facial subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin, inflammatory orifacial pain group), group III (5% formalin + distilled water administration), and group IV injection (5% formalin + 4.5 ml/kg of HDE), respectively. The scores from the scratch and effleurage tests were applied to evaluate the differences between three groups. The expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla oblongata, which are involved in pain regulation, inflammation, antioxidation and nitric oxide production, were analyzed by western blot. The degree of orifacial pain was significantly lower in group IV than in groups I, II and, III. The expression of p38MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla were also lower in group IV than in the other groups. These findings suggested that a Hovenia dulcis extract can attenuate inflammatory orifacial pain by suppressing the expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2.

Classification of web link information and implementation of dynamic web page using link map system

Great many Websites exist present. These Websites are developing various services to accommodate many customers. This time, several kinds of links exist to website. But, size of early service Web page increased as numbers of this service increase greatly. A lot of links give load to Web server. When several users approached for Web page, a lot of links can give decline in the service speed. We made link map system to supplement this problem. So, web page links everybody do not service and provide some service. So, this system can reduce serverpsilas load. Access users remove normal times and approach to Website similarly, but links that link map system is needless automatically and service Web page. This time, we test effect that reach to subordinate to server. Also, we test serverpsilas phase diagram by difference of service number of links.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Korean red ginseng Extract in formalin-induced Orofacial Pain in Rats

Abstract The effects of korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on orifacial pain control in terms of the systemic inflammatory response and pharmacological effects as health supplements were investigated. The experimental group were divided into three groups, the control group (n=6), formalin (5%, 50 ㎕ ) injection group(n=6), and formalin (5%, 50 ㎕ ) injection added KRG administrated group (4.5 ml/kg, n=6). The KRG administratedgroup prior to the formalin injection significantly attenuated the behavioral response compared to that of the controlgroup. Pain reduction was suppressed mainly from 15 min to 30 min. The KRG administrated rats showed significantly reduced p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 expression in the brain and medulla oblongata according to Western blot analysis. These findings suggest that KRE may have a useful effect on orificial pain control functions by preventing the p38 MAPK pathway. Key Words : Korean red ginseng extract, iNOS, Nrf2, Orofacial pain, p38 MAPK 본 연구는 동의대학교 연구과제(2014AA171)에 의해 수행되었습니다.

The Effects of Delirium Prevention Guidelines on Elderly Stroke Patients

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the delirium prevention interventions recommended by the Delirium Prevention Guidelines for Elderly Stroke Patients (DPGESP). The DPGESP comprises nine dimensions with 28 interventions, including risk factor assessment, orientation disorder prevention, sleeping pattern maintenance, sensory interventions, constipation, dehydration, hypoxia and infection prevention, pain management, and appropriate nutrition maintenance. This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group and a pretest–posttest design. The experimental and control groups each included 54 patients, and the participants were elderly patients who were admitted to the stroke unit. The study outcomes were the delirium incidence and severity, stroke impact, and length of hospitalization. Posttest values for delirium incidence, severity, stroke impact, and length of hospitalization were significantly improved in the experimental group. Implementation of the DPGESP had beneficial effects on the delirium incidence and severity, stroke impact, and length of hospitalization among elderly patients admitted to a stroke unit.

Psychometric testing of Korean versions of self-efficacy and outcome expectations for restorative care activities scales

Abstract This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of Korean versions of the Nursing Assistant Self‐Efficacy for Restorative Care Scale, and the Nursing Assistant Outcome Expectations for Restorative Care Scale. Psychometric testing was performed with 697 direct care workers in long‐term care facilities in South Korea. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0, AMOS 22.0, and WINSTEPS 3.68.2. There was evidence for content validity. Factor loading in the Korean versions of the Nursing Assistant Self‐Efficacy for Restorative Care Scale was 0.66–0.94, and Nursing Assistant Outcome Expectations for Restorative Care Scale was 0.43–0.77. Scores on the Korean versions of the Nursing Assistant Outcome Expectations for Restorative Care Scale correlated positively with scores on a scale of knowledge of restorative care. Additionally, Rasch model analysis of the K‐NASERC and K‐NAOERC indicates acceptable item data fit. These results indicated that the Korean versions of the Nursing Assistant Self‐Efficacy, and Outcome Expectations for Restorative Care Scale are satisfactorily valid and reliable for the measurement.

The influence of water drinking on oral management behavior and bad breath in college students

This study is a common characteristic, water intake behaviors, halitosis, oral management behavior to target 347 college students in D University of the water intake of university students to understand the impact of whether oral care behavior and bad breath that material in the Busan between April-May 2016 for the self survey was conducted. Average daily water intake survey more than nine minutes 3 cups, 4-6 cups, three more than seven cups were higher by 63.7% to analyzes whether the water intake of breath himself Among the intake of water for more than seven cups 50.7%, 3 cups 67.1%, 4-6 cups appeared significantly higher in the 67.4% (p = 0.030), without smoke 4-6 cups (600 ~ 1200ml) there was a statistically significant difference in water intake by 96.2% (p = 0.002). Oral care behavior, correlation is that the water intake of the breath showed a negative correlation between the breath in my perception and smoking (r = 0.114, p <0.05), (r = -0.114, p <0.05). Hours after brushing and rinsing tooth care also shown a positive correlation (r = 0.277, p <0.01) showed a statistically significant correlation. Given the more significant in that the water intake of breath and oral care behavior is the behavior of college students affected Taken together the results could confirm the positive oral behavior change. And college students, as well as recognition of the importance of water intake to the public may be necessary to promote education and development programs for jeungjinreul oral and systemic health.

Role of Samultang in Formalin-induced Orofacial pain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Samultang by measuring the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in formalin-induced orofacial pain. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects were measured by western blot analysis for p38 MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinases), iNOS(induceble nitric oxide synthase) and NOX4(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate4) in a rats brain and medulla oblongata. Samultang significantly attenuated the increased formalin-induced nociceptive response and inhibited the p38 MAPK and iNOS that led to inflammatory pain. In addition, this study indicated that Samultang possess antioxidative effects through the blockade of NOX4. These findings suggest that Samultang plays an important role in the peripheral processing of inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.