Ming-Yi Dong

Aging effect in the BESIII drift chamber

As the main tracking detector of BESIII, the drift chamber provides accurate measurements of the position and the momentum of the charged particles produced in e+e− collisions at BEPCII. After six years of operation, the drift chamber is suffering from aging problems due to huge beam-related background. The gains of the cells in the first ten layers show an obvious decrease, reaching a maximum decrease of about 29% for the first layer cells. Two calculation methods for the gain change (Bhabha events and accumulated charges with 0.3% aging ratio for inner chamber cells) give almost the same results. For the Malter effect encountered by the inner drift chamber in January 2012, about 0.2% water vapor was added to the MDC gas mixture to solve this cathode aging problem. These results provide an important reference for MDC operating high voltage settings and the upgrade of the inner drift chamber.

Construction and cosmic-ray test of the new inner drift chamber for BESIII

A new inner drift chamber has been built which can replace the aged part of the BESIII drift chamber when needed. The design of the new inner drift chamber can minimize the ineffective area in the very forward and backward region and hence reduce the background event rate. With this design, the new inner drift chamber is expected to have a longer lifetime and improved performance due to the lower occupancy. The endplates and the cylinder were machined with high precision. Wire stringing was performed after the mechanical structure was assembled, and good quality of wire stringing was ensured by measurement of the tension and leakage current of the wires. After completion of the physical construction of the new chamber, a cosmic-ray test was carried out to test its performance. The results of the cosmic-ray test show that the new inner chamber achieves a spatial resolution of 127 μm and a dE/dx resolution of 6.4%, which satisfies the design specifications.

Track segment finding with CGEM-IT and matching to outer drift chamber tracks in the BESIII detector

The relative differences in coordinates of Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier Detector-based Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) clusters are studied to search for track segments in CGEM-IT for the BESIII experiment. With the full simulation of single muon track samples, clear patterns are found and parameterized for the correct cluster combinations. The cluster combinations satisfying the patterns are selected as track segment candidates in CGEM-IT with an efficiency higher than 99%. The parameters of the track segments are obtained by a helix fitting. Some χ2 quantities, evaluating the differences in track parameters between the track segments in CGEM-IT and the tracks found in the outer drift chamber, are calculated and used to match them. Proper χ2 requirements are determined as a function of transverse momentum and the matching efficiency is found to be reasonable.

Study of cluster reconstruction and track fitting algorithms for CGEM-IT at BESIII

Considering the aging effects of existing Inner Drift Chamber (IDC) of BESuppercaseexpandafter{romannumeral3}, a GEM based inner tracker is proposed to be designed and constructed as an upgrade candidate for IDC. This paper introduces a full simulation package of CGEM-IT with a simplified digitization model, describes the development of the softwares for cluster reconstruction and track fitting algorithm based on Kalman filter method for CGEM-IT. Preliminary results from the reconstruction algorithms are obtained using a Monte Carlo sample of single muon events in CGEM-IT.

Design and optimization of resistive anode for a two-dimensional imaging GEM detector

A resistive anode for two-dimensional imaging detectors, which consists of a series of high resistivity pads surrounded by low resistivity strips, can provide good spatial resolution while reducing the number of electronics channels required. The optimization of this kind of anode has been studied by both numerical simulations and experimental tests. It is found that to obtain good detector performance, the resistance ratio of the pads to the strips should be larger than 5, the nonuniformity of the pad surface resistivity should be less than 20%, a smaller pad width leads to a smaller spatial resolution, and when the pad width is 6 mm, the spatial resolution ( ) can reach about 105 m . Based on the study results, a 2-D GEM detector prototype with optimized resistive anode is constructed and a good imaging performance is achieved.

A new inner drift chamber for BESIII MDC

Due to the beam related background, the inner chamber of BESIII MDC has aging effect after 5 years running. The gains of the inner chamber cells decrease obviously, and the max gain decrease is about 26% for the first layer cells. A new inner drift chamber with eight stereo sense wire layers as a backup for MDC is under construction, which is almost the same as the current one but using stepped endplates to shorten the wire length beyond the effective solid angle. This new structure will be of benefit to reducing the counting rate of single cell. The manufacture of each component is going smoothly, and the new inner drift chamber will be finished by the end of April 2014.

Study of 2D interpolating readout for a micro-pattern gaseous detector

The two-dimensional interpolating readout, a new readout concept based on resistive anode structure, was studied for the micro-pattern gaseous detector. Within its high spatial resolution, the interpolating resistive readout structure leads to an enormous reduction of electronic channels compared with pure pixel devices, and also makes the detector more reliable and robust, which is attributed to its resistive anode relieving discharge. A GEM (gaseous electron multiplier) detector with 2D interpolating resistive readout structure was set up and the performance of the detector was studied with 55Fe 5.9 keV X-ray. The detector worked stably at the gain up to 3.5×104 without any discharge. An energy resolution of about 19%, and a spatial resolution of about 219 μm (FWHM) were reached, and good imaging performance was also obtained.

Application of movable collimators to the BEPC II

BEPC II is a double ring e+e− collider with high beam currents and luminosity, so the high beam-related backgrounds may disturb the detector. In order to have a good quality of data taking, backgrounds should be kept at a level as low as possible. A series of collimators are designed and installed in both the e+ and e− rings. Two of the collimators are horizontally movable, each for one ring, about 8 m upstream from the interaction point. Experiments have been done to identify the effectiveness of the movable collimators with different apertures and beam currents. The results show that the movable collimators are very effective and can reduce as much as about 50% of beam-related backgrounds.