Mirela Castro Santos Camargos

Life expectancy among elderly Brazilians in 2003 according to different levels of functional disability

The aim of the present study was to estimate disability-free life expectancy for the Brazilian elderly in 2003, by gender and age, based on different concepts of functional disability. The Sullivan method is used to combine the period life tables from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2003) and the prevalence of functional disability according to the 2003 National Sample Household Survey (PNAD 2003). The main results of the study indicate that at age 60, Brazilian men can expect to live 19 years, 39% with mild, 21% with moderate, and 14% with severe functional disability, respectively. At the same age, Brazilian women can expect to live 22 years: 56% with mild, 32% with moderate, and 18% with severe functional disability.

Expectativa de vida saudável para idosos brasileiros, 2003

The increase of the percentage of elderly population in Brazil and the increase in longevity incite a demand for information on the quantity of years spent in good health. The aim of the present study is to measure the life expectancy for the elderly of 60 years and above, by sex and age, in the year of 2003. The Sullivan method was used, which combined the life-table with the current experience of mortality and the self-perceived health. The mortality information was obtained from the life tables published by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), 2003. The self-perceived health was used and it was dichotomized in good and bad. This information came from the National Research of Household Sample (PNAD), 2003. The results indicate that women live longer, but spend a higher number of years perceiving their health as bad, as compared to men. The results also highlights to the need of considering the differences between sexes in relation to the demand for health care. It is also important to consider the need to have policies designed to allow the increase in the number of years that the elderly can live in good health conditions.

Idoso, família e domicílio: uma revisão narrativa sobre a decisão de morar sozinho

The authors seek to establish bases of argumentation in order to better understand the reasons that lead elderly citizens to live alone and how transfers take place (flow of resources, actions and information that is exchanged and circulated) when such persons do live alone. Determining factors are reviewed and discussed regarding the household arrangements of elderly citizens, including demographic, socioeconomic and health factors, with emphasis on single-person households. Factors that permeate transfers between elderly citizens and their families are underscored, such as the characteristics of intergenerational transfers, differences among the various types of support provided, and the gender of the elderly persons. The study consists of a narrative review and the results indicate that comfortable socioeconomic and health conditions, more advanced age and lack of children seem to contribute to an elderly person’s decision to live alone. However, there were differences in the results of the studies analyzed in terms of the factors associated with the formation of single-person households among elderly persons. Although transfers generally take place regardless of the elderly person’s household arrangements, those that take place among members of a single household seem to be more frequent and, perhaps for this reason, are discussed at greater length. Even when elderly persons who live alone participate in transfers, they are more likely to receive formal care than those who live with other persons.

Sex differences in healthy life expectancy from self-perceived assessments of health in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT Whether life is spent in good health or disability has a critical influence on the use of health-care services. It is also known that average healthy life expectancy differs by sex. This paper reports estimations of healthy and unhealthy life expectancy in old age using self-reported health assessments for the City of São Paulo, Brazil in 2000–01. The data derived from the Health, Well-being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean Project (SABE), and from population censuses and mortality statistics. Sullivans estimation method was used. It combines the age-specific schedule of the current probabilities of death with the prevalence of self-perceived ‘poor’ and ‘good’ health. The paper also reports multivariate analyses of the factors associated with variations by age group and sex in self-perceived health. The findings revealed that, at all ages, women live longer than men and for more years in a healthy state. Among men, those aged 60, 65 and 70 years were expected to live a higher percentage of their remaining life than women in a healthy state, but among those aged 75, 80 and 85 years, the opposite held. Among women, the percentage of remaining years that were unhealthy did not increase as age increased, which differs from previous findings. The multivariate analyses showed that with increasing age, for women the number of chronic diseases decreased but dependency increased, and for men the opposite held. This finding indicated that the percentage of life spent in poor self-perceived health more accurately predicts mortality in men than women.

A relação entre renda e morar sozinho para idosos paulistanos: 2000

The number of people living alone in Sao Paulo is not high compared to other living arrangements, but the number of elderly people living alone has been increasing over the years. The present study discusses the relationship between income and living alone among the elderly in the City of Sao Paulo, 2000, using the SABE database. Since living alone is influenced by demographic, socioeconomic and health-related aspects, these variables were also considered in this study, and a binary logistic regression was used. Two models were built. Model 1 included only income as a predictor; model 2 included other variables and income as predictors. The results show a significant association between income and living alone. Even after controlling for other explanatory variables, income remained significant.The number of people living alone in Sao Paulo is not high compared to other living arrangements, but the number of elderly people living alone has been increasing over the years. The present study discusses the relationship between income and living alone among the elderly in the City of Sao Paulo, 2000, using the SABE database. Since living alone is influenced by demographic, socioeconomic and health-related aspects, these variables were also considered in this study, and a binary logistic regression was used. Two models were built. Model 1 included only income as a predictor; model 2 included other variables and income as predictors. The results show a significant association between income and living alone. Even after controlling for other explanatory variables, income remained significant.

Viver mais e melhor? Estimativas de expectativa de vida saudável para a população brasileira

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los diferenciales en tres variaciones de esperanza de vida saludable de la poblacion envejecida en Brasil, 1998 a 2008: esperanza de vida libre de incapacidad funcional, con percepcion de buena salud y libre de enfermedades cronicas. Fue usado el metodo de Sullivan, combinando las tablas de vida del Instituto Brasileno de Geografia y Estadistica (IBGE) para 1998 y 2008 y calculos por intervalos de las prevalencias de incapacidad funcional, percepcion de salud y enfermedades cronicas de los Estudios Nacionales por Muestra de Domicilios (PNAD 1998 y 2008) de esos anos. Ademas del aumento de la esperanza de vida, se observaron aumentos significativos y similares de la esperanza de vida saludable en las dimensiones de percepcion del estado de salud e incapacidad funcional en casi todas las edades. Las mujeres presentaron mayores esperanzas de vida, en relacion a la de los hombres, sin embargo, esperan vivir mas tiempo con salud deteriorada, independientemente del indicador utilizado para medir la salud. A pesar de que la forma de medir la salud pueda variar entre los estudios, es percibida una desventaja femenina, en relacion a la esperanza de vida saludable.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as diferencas nas estimativas de tres variantes da expectativa de vida saudavel dos idosos no Brasil de 1998 para 2008: expectativa de vida livre de incapacidade funcional, com percepcao de saude boa e livre de doencas cronicas. Empregou-se o metodo de Sullivan, combinando as tabuas de vida do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) para 1998 e 2008 e estimativas intervalares das prevalencias de incapacidade funcional, percepcao de saude e doencas cronicas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD 1998 e 2008). Alem do aumento da expectativa de vida, observaram-se aumentos significativos e similares da expectativa de vida saudavel nas dimensoes de percepcao do estado de saude e incapacidade funcional em quase todas as idades. As mulheres apresentaram maiores expectativas de vida, se comparadas aos homens, porem esperaram viver por mais tempo com saude ruim, independentemente do indicador utilizado para mensurar saude. Mesmo que a forma de mensurar saude possa variar entre os estudos, dificultando comparacoes, e notavel a desvantagem feminina em relacao a expectativa de vida saudavel.This study analyzed differences in healthy life expectancy in the elderly based on three health dimensions in Brazil from 1998 to 2008: disability-free life expectancy, healthy life expectancy based on self-rated health, and chronic disease-free life expectancy. The Sullivan method was used, combining life tables from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and interval estimates of the prevalence of functional disability, self-rated health, and chronic diseases according to the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD, 1998 and 2008). Besides the increase in life expectancy, the study showed significant and similar increases in disability-free life expectancy and healthy life expectancy based on self-rated health at almost all ages. Women had higher life expectancies than men, but expected to live longer with poor health, regardless of the indicator used to measure health. Although the studies measured health differently (making comparisons difficult), women showed a consistent disadvantage in healthy life expectancy.

Elderly persons, family and household: a narrative review of the decision to live alone

The authors seek to establish bases of argumentation in order to better understand the reasons that lead elderly citizens to live alone and how transfers take place (flow of resources, actions and information that is exchanged and circulated) when such persons do live alone. Determining factors are reviewed and discussed regarding the household arrangements of elderly citizens, including demographic, socioeconomic and health factors, with emphasis on single-person households. Factors that permeate transfers between elderly citizens and their families are underscored, such as the characteristics of intergenerational transfers, differences among the various types of support provided, and the gender of the elderly persons. The study consists of a narrative review and the results indicate that comfortable socioeconomic and health conditions, more advanced age and lack of children seem to contribute to an elderly person’s decision to live alone. However, there were differences in the results of the studies analyzed in terms of the factors associated with the formation of single-person households among elderly persons. Although transfers generally take place regardless of the elderly person’s household arrangements, those that take place among members of a single household seem to be more frequent and, perhaps for this reason, are discussed at greater length. Even when elderly persons who live alone participate in transfers, they are more likely to receive formal care than those who live with other persons.

Estimativas de expectativa de vida com doenças crônicas de coluna no Brasil

As doencas cronicas de coluna, entre elas as deformidades e as dores musculares, sao importantes causas de morbidade entre adultos e idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a expectativa de vida de brasileiros com doencas cronicas de coluna, por sexo e idade, nos anos de 2003 e 2008. Empregou-se o metodo de Sullivan, combinando a tabua de vida e as prevalencias de doen cas cronicas de coluna. Foram utilizadas as ta buas de vida publicadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica e as prevalencias de enfermidades cronicas de coluna da Pesquisa Nacio nal por Amostra Domiciliar (PNAD), dos anos selecionados. Os principais resultados indicam que, no Brasil, ao nascer em 2008, um homem poderia esperar viver 69,1 anos, 15% dos quais com doencas cronicas de coluna. Ja as mulheres que nasceram neste mesmo ano, apresentavam uma expectativa de vida de 76,7 anos e espera riam viver um quinto de sua vida com problemas cronicos de coluna. No periodo analisado, concomitantemente aos ganhos na expectativa de vida, ocorreu um crescimento na expectativa de vida saudavel, ou seja, nos anos de vida livre de doencas cronicas da coluna, tanto em termos absolutos como relativos.

Instituições de longa permanência para idosos: um estudo sobre a necessidade de vagas

Considerado uma das mais significativas tendencias do seculo XXI, o envelhecimento populacional ja nao e tido como uma novidade. No mundo, uma em cada nove pessoas tem 60 anos ou mais, com o crescimento estimado para uma em cada cinco em 2050 (UNFPA, 2012). Segundo os dados do Censo Demografico de 2010, 10,8% da populacao brasileira e composta por pessoas acima de 60 anos. A relacao entre o idoso que potencialmente demanda assistencia e o potencial cuidador informal de idosos, que quase sempre e um familiar, tende a ficar cada vez mais desproporcional, devido ao envelhecimento da populacao, mesmo considerando um cenario mais otimista (FERREIRA, 2007). O indicador razao de suporte, por exemplo, que reflete a relacao demografica entre pessoas que sao potenciais cuidadores (entre 50 e 60 anos) e os que, em geral, precisam de cuidados (75 anos e mais), mostra que, em 2050, havera apenas dois potenciais cuidadores para cada idoso de 75 anos e mais, enquanto em 2000 existiam cinco (RIPSA, 2009).O aumento da participacao relativa dos idosos na populacao gera a necessidade de atendimento de novos tipos de demandas e, com isso, a criacao de vagas em determinados servicos publicos, como, por exemplo, os de acompanhamento, abrigamento e saude de idosos (FERREIRA et al., 2012).No Brasil, ainda existem poucos programas formais por parte do Estado para prestar assistencia aos idosos que nao podem contar com auxilio da familia, ou que nao possuem recursos financeiros e necessitam de apoio. Um exemplo de inciativa recente e o projeto

[Live longer and better? Estimates of healthy life expectancy in the Brazilian population].

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los diferenciales en tres variaciones de esperanza de vida saludable de la poblacion envejecida en Brasil, 1998 a 2008: esperanza de vida libre de incapacidad funcional, con percepcion de buena salud y libre de enfermedades cronicas. Fue usado el metodo de Sullivan, combinando las tablas de vida del Instituto Brasileno de Geografia y Estadistica (IBGE) para 1998 y 2008 y calculos por intervalos de las prevalencias de incapacidad funcional, percepcion de salud y enfermedades cronicas de los Estudios Nacionales por Muestra de Domicilios (PNAD 1998 y 2008) de esos anos. Ademas del aumento de la esperanza de vida, se observaron aumentos significativos y similares de la esperanza de vida saludable en las dimensiones de percepcion del estado de salud e incapacidad funcional en casi todas las edades. Las mujeres presentaron mayores esperanzas de vida, en relacion a la de los hombres, sin embargo, esperan vivir mas tiempo con salud deteriorada, independientemente del indicador utilizado para medir la salud. A pesar de que la forma de medir la salud pueda variar entre los estudios, es percibida una desventaja femenina, en relacion a la esperanza de vida saludable.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as diferencas nas estimativas de tres variantes da expectativa de vida saudavel dos idosos no Brasil de 1998 para 2008: expectativa de vida livre de incapacidade funcional, com percepcao de saude boa e livre de doencas cronicas. Empregou-se o metodo de Sullivan, combinando as tabuas de vida do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) para 1998 e 2008 e estimativas intervalares das prevalencias de incapacidade funcional, percepcao de saude e doencas cronicas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD 1998 e 2008). Alem do aumento da expectativa de vida, observaram-se aumentos significativos e similares da expectativa de vida saudavel nas dimensoes de percepcao do estado de saude e incapacidade funcional em quase todas as idades. As mulheres apresentaram maiores expectativas de vida, se comparadas aos homens, porem esperaram viver por mais tempo com saude ruim, independentemente do indicador utilizado para mensurar saude. Mesmo que a forma de mensurar saude possa variar entre os estudos, dificultando comparacoes, e notavel a desvantagem feminina em relacao a expectativa de vida saudavel.This study analyzed differences in healthy life expectancy in the elderly based on three health dimensions in Brazil from 1998 to 2008: disability-free life expectancy, healthy life expectancy based on self-rated health, and chronic disease-free life expectancy. The Sullivan method was used, combining life tables from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and interval estimates of the prevalence of functional disability, self-rated health, and chronic diseases according to the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD, 1998 and 2008). Besides the increase in life expectancy, the study showed significant and similar increases in disability-free life expectancy and healthy life expectancy based on self-rated health at almost all ages. Women had higher life expectancies than men, but expected to live longer with poor health, regardless of the indicator used to measure health. Although the studies measured health differently (making comparisons difficult), women showed a consistent disadvantage in healthy life expectancy.