Miriam Cabrelles

Integration of Laser Scanning and Imagery for Photorealistic 3D Architectural Documentation

Documentation of architectural and archaeological sites and monuments is an activity that requires the capture of information from different sources. Metric information is mandatory as the basis for documentation, information management, archiving, analysis, monitoring and dissemination activities, among others. In highly weathered environments, accurate 3D models are required for multi-temporal analysis over time in 4D, altogether with imagery. Experience has shown that it is possible to provide the necessary information with the required accuracy and completeness only by integration of multisource data (Georgopoulos & Ioannidis, 2006). Especially in large and complex monuments parallel use of geodetic and surveying measurements, photogrammetric data acquisition with imagery and terrestrial laser scans has proven to be the ideal combination (Haddad, 2007; Haddad & Ishakat, 2007). Furthermore, the multi-sensor integration of surveying data (not only terrestrial but also aerial) and architectural needs should be combined with a multi-resolution approach, spanning from few centimetres down to millimetres, if necessary, both in geometry and in texture (Guidi et al., 2008; Remondino et al., 2009). A general overview of the typical requirements and solutions for cultural heritage documentation based on purpose, product, methodology or eventual emphasis is presented in Patias (2006). Modern technology has changed matters in documentation radically and promises to keep bringing rapid changes. Photographic and non-photographic (graphic) documentation tools are merging in one process, in which the digital photographic technology is the main base (Haddad, 2010; Haddad & Akasheh, 2005). Until the wide spread used of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for cultural heritage documentation, most of the multi-temporal information for documentation and conservation activities was based mainly on graphic documentation: 2D drawings of elevation plans, cross-section and last but not least, images (analogue or digital). However, photographs are easier to interpret and recognize than drawings; they contain information about surface detail and can provide information on the condition of a monument, before, during, and after restoration. Nowadays, the afore-mentioned documents are still requested by architects or building personnel but the analysis is starting

Calibration and Direct Georeferencing Analysis of a Multi-Sensor System for Cultural Heritage Recording

The authors would like to thank for the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the project HAR2010-18620. Special thanks need to be expressed to Dr. LUIS GARCIA-ASENJO and Mr. PASCUAL GARRIGUES from the Polytechnic University of Valencia for their contributions.

Documentation of weathered architectural heritage with visible, near infrared, thermal and laser scanning data

Documentation of cultural heritage requires simple, quick and easy to use multi-sensor approaches to determine the state of conservation of monuments and sites. The documentation of a highly weathered architectural heritage such as the Obelisk Tomb is a good example to test the performance integrating multispectral imagery and laser scanning data. The Obelisk Tomb is the first important facade that a visitor sees while entering to the archaeological site of Petra in Jordan. The rich architectural formations carry Egyptian, Hellenistic and Nabataean influences. The damage that was inflicted on this unique monument led us to study it applying a number of modern digital techniques including 3D scanning, multispectral photography with visible and near infrared images, and thermography. All the multiband content is initially registered onto different multispectral bands. The multispectral information is enhanced and eventually draped onto the 3D laser scanning model in order to improve documentation and analys...

From Multispectral 3D Recording and Documentation to Development of Mobile Apps for Dissemination of Cultural Heritage

Many human, technical, and economic resources are devoted nowadays to document cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the resources are limited and heritage in general is suffering not only from anthropogenic and natural disasters but also from varying physical and chemical conditions. This paper summarizes a wide range of recording and documentation activities carried out at the Petra Archaeological Park, in particular, at Djinn Block No. 9 to improve the level of understanding of that iconic monument. The recording and documentation considered a wide range of metric and multispectral techniques such as close-range photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning, multispectral photography, thermography, and remote sensing to build up scientific knowledge of the monument prior to undertaking conservation and preservation measures. The conventional 3D documentation with visible colors was accompanied by layers of multispectral information that were used to inspect and monitor the deterioration of the monument, as a step to take the right conservation and preservation initiatives. Besides the scientific documentation and conservation, dissemination is considered as a vital part of any survey to raise awareness to the society (both local and foreigners, even visitors) about its wellness (even if it is very much deteriorated). The dissemination is implemented for mobile devices (apps for mobile phones and tablets) to integrate different layers of information: 3D, history, multispectral imagery, geo-localization, geo-services, and last but not least cyber-archaeology to visualize fully textured ideal 3D reconstructions of the past periods on multiple platforms. A critical view of the different steps ranging from data acquisition, processing (geometry and spectral content), and post-processing to deliver cyber-archaeological products will be analyzed.

DOCUMENTACIÓN 3D DE LA COVA DELS CAVALLS Y DE SU ENTORNO (TÍRIG, CASTELLÓN)

Los resultados presentados se enmarcan dentro del proyecto de investigacion HAR2014–59873–R del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. Los autores agradecen a Diego Mosquera de FARO Spain su contribucion al facilitar el escaner.