Mirna García-Méndez

La percepción de los padres sobre la crianza de los hijos

Research in the field of psychology should clarify and explain the various objects of study, trying to explain the different approaches, processes, as well as cognitive and emotional functions that occur along the ontogenetic development, in order to generate, as far as possible, strategies to cope with different suffering conditions: psychological, social, neurological, psychiatric, medical etc. It is under this perspective that this issue includes 14 articles, seven of which are focused on the area of neuroscience and the remaining seven in other areas of psychology. The Neurosciences include a set of methods for the study of the nervous system. Through them it is possible to conduct research on the biological foundations of mental activity and behavior as well as their deviations from normality based on disease processes. Today, the field of Cognitive Neuroscience offers the opportunity to integrate knowledge from various sources to better understand the processes that underlie consciousness and higher nervous activity. These should be oriented to the ecological validity of the psychological processes and functions within a framework not only “biopsychosocial” but “neuropsychoeducational”. In this issue of the Journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología a special section is devoted to contribute to the dissemination of research related to the area of Psychophysiology, Neuropsychology and Psychobiology in any of their fields of intervention (clinical, educational and basic) in which findings of interest related to the role of the Psychophysiologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychobiologist in the fields mentioned above support the intervention on the client’s problems (qualitative and quantitative analysis, rehabilitation, standards). Therefore, the first section consists of seven papers that contribute to this research network. The article entitled “Hemodynamic responses to acoustically modified syllables in premature and full term newborn infants acquired by near infrared spectroscopy” is important for neuroscience because it shows the use of a brain imaging technique more versatile for the study of brain function of infants and children. This technique is known as optical topography or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Exploring the functions of the brain in preterm infants and infants with hypoxia can significantly advance our understanding of how these early traumas impact cognitive development. Although we are daily exposed to situations of acute stress, few studies have assessed these effects. This is why it is important to know the answers and mechanisms involved when coping with stress. In the article “Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex” the above mentioned mechanisms, the effects of acute exposure to different stressors and changes in concentration of noradrenaline and serotonine in the prefrontal cortex were assessed. The Neuroscience approach to study ADHD, has tried to make a contribution to discern between the behavioral neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of this disorder, in order to break the debate about the overdiagnosis and suitable intervention for children with ADHD. Regarding this issue, the article “Identification of symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity by parents and teachers” epidemiologically helps to understand the way the disorder is perceived by family and teachers for its proper diagnosis and management on the part of mental health professionals. Another aspect of the neuroscientific approach focuses on early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in diseases and/or brain injuries. Lacunar infarcts are among 11% and 25% of all strokes, pointing to a public health problem that should be widely studied for its high rate of incidence. In this regard, the article “Neuropsychological impairment in patients with lacunar infarction” presents the findings of a neuropsychological analysis about this condition, showing that it can cause a cognitive impairment that may progress to a dementia process. Furthermore, advances in the field of functional neurosurgery oriented to the treatment of serious and disabling psychiatric/psychological symptoms supportThe aim of the study was to develop a scale to assess parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. The sample was nonprobabilistic and consisted of 790 participants, 350 mothers and 440 fathers of the city of Mexico, with an average age of 36.34 years. The age of the children ranged from 6 to 12 years. A Likert scale with six response options (strongly disagree-strongly agree) was developed. Participants responded the scale in a voluntary manner. After performing the psychometric analysis of the items (bias, total item correlation, Students t test for extreme groups, factorial analysis of main components with orthogonal rotation, Cronbachs alpha) the scale was composed of 24 items divided into five factors: punishment, permissive, negative emotional, behavioral control, and negative cognition. It was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was obtained for assessing parenting styles used by mothers and fathers.

PARENTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT CHILD REARING

Research in the field of psychology should clarify and explain the various objects of study, trying to explain the different approaches, processes, as well as cognitive and emotional functions that occur along the ontogenetic development, in order to generate, as far as possible, strategies to cope with different suffering conditions: psychological, social, neurological, psychiatric, medical etc. It is under this perspective that this issue includes 14 articles, seven of which are focused on the area of neuroscience and the remaining seven in other areas of psychology. The Neurosciences include a set of methods for the study of the nervous system. Through them it is possible to conduct research on the biological foundations of mental activity and behavior as well as their deviations from normality based on disease processes. Today, the field of Cognitive Neuroscience offers the opportunity to integrate knowledge from various sources to better understand the processes that underlie consciousness and higher nervous activity. These should be oriented to the ecological validity of the psychological processes and functions within a framework not only “biopsychosocial” but “neuropsychoeducational”. In this issue of the Journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología a special section is devoted to contribute to the dissemination of research related to the area of Psychophysiology, Neuropsychology and Psychobiology in any of their fields of intervention (clinical, educational and basic) in which findings of interest related to the role of the Psychophysiologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychobiologist in the fields mentioned above support the intervention on the client’s problems (qualitative and quantitative analysis, rehabilitation, standards). Therefore, the first section consists of seven papers that contribute to this research network. The article entitled “Hemodynamic responses to acoustically modified syllables in premature and full term newborn infants acquired by near infrared spectroscopy” is important for neuroscience because it shows the use of a brain imaging technique more versatile for the study of brain function of infants and children. This technique is known as optical topography or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Exploring the functions of the brain in preterm infants and infants with hypoxia can significantly advance our understanding of how these early traumas impact cognitive development. Although we are daily exposed to situations of acute stress, few studies have assessed these effects. This is why it is important to know the answers and mechanisms involved when coping with stress. In the article “Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex” the above mentioned mechanisms, the effects of acute exposure to different stressors and changes in concentration of noradrenaline and serotonine in the prefrontal cortex were assessed. The Neuroscience approach to study ADHD, has tried to make a contribution to discern between the behavioral neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of this disorder, in order to break the debate about the overdiagnosis and suitable intervention for children with ADHD. Regarding this issue, the article “Identification of symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity by parents and teachers” epidemiologically helps to understand the way the disorder is perceived by family and teachers for its proper diagnosis and management on the part of mental health professionals. Another aspect of the neuroscientific approach focuses on early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in diseases and/or brain injuries. Lacunar infarcts are among 11% and 25% of all strokes, pointing to a public health problem that should be widely studied for its high rate of incidence. In this regard, the article “Neuropsychological impairment in patients with lacunar infarction” presents the findings of a neuropsychological analysis about this condition, showing that it can cause a cognitive impairment that may progress to a dementia process. Furthermore, advances in the field of functional neurosurgery oriented to the treatment of serious and disabling psychiatric/psychological symptoms supportThe aim of the study was to develop a scale to assess parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. The sample was nonprobabilistic and consisted of 790 participants, 350 mothers and 440 fathers of the city of Mexico, with an average age of 36.34 years. The age of the children ranged from 6 to 12 years. A Likert scale with six response options (strongly disagree-strongly agree) was developed. Participants responded the scale in a voluntary manner. After performing the psychometric analysis of the items (bias, total item correlation, Students t test for extreme groups, factorial analysis of main components with orthogonal rotation, Cronbachs alpha) the scale was composed of 24 items divided into five factors: punishment, permissive, negative emotional, behavioral control, and negative cognition. It was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was obtained for assessing parenting styles used by mothers and fathers.

A PERCEPÇÃO DOS PAIS SOBRE A CRIAÇÃO DOS FILHOS

Research in the field of psychology should clarify and explain the various objects of study, trying to explain the different approaches, processes, as well as cognitive and emotional functions that occur along the ontogenetic development, in order to generate, as far as possible, strategies to cope with different suffering conditions: psychological, social, neurological, psychiatric, medical etc. It is under this perspective that this issue includes 14 articles, seven of which are focused on the area of neuroscience and the remaining seven in other areas of psychology. The Neurosciences include a set of methods for the study of the nervous system. Through them it is possible to conduct research on the biological foundations of mental activity and behavior as well as their deviations from normality based on disease processes. Today, the field of Cognitive Neuroscience offers the opportunity to integrate knowledge from various sources to better understand the processes that underlie consciousness and higher nervous activity. These should be oriented to the ecological validity of the psychological processes and functions within a framework not only “biopsychosocial” but “neuropsychoeducational”. In this issue of the Journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología a special section is devoted to contribute to the dissemination of research related to the area of Psychophysiology, Neuropsychology and Psychobiology in any of their fields of intervention (clinical, educational and basic) in which findings of interest related to the role of the Psychophysiologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychobiologist in the fields mentioned above support the intervention on the client’s problems (qualitative and quantitative analysis, rehabilitation, standards). Therefore, the first section consists of seven papers that contribute to this research network. The article entitled “Hemodynamic responses to acoustically modified syllables in premature and full term newborn infants acquired by near infrared spectroscopy” is important for neuroscience because it shows the use of a brain imaging technique more versatile for the study of brain function of infants and children. This technique is known as optical topography or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Exploring the functions of the brain in preterm infants and infants with hypoxia can significantly advance our understanding of how these early traumas impact cognitive development. Although we are daily exposed to situations of acute stress, few studies have assessed these effects. This is why it is important to know the answers and mechanisms involved when coping with stress. In the article “Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex” the above mentioned mechanisms, the effects of acute exposure to different stressors and changes in concentration of noradrenaline and serotonine in the prefrontal cortex were assessed. The Neuroscience approach to study ADHD, has tried to make a contribution to discern between the behavioral neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of this disorder, in order to break the debate about the overdiagnosis and suitable intervention for children with ADHD. Regarding this issue, the article “Identification of symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity by parents and teachers” epidemiologically helps to understand the way the disorder is perceived by family and teachers for its proper diagnosis and management on the part of mental health professionals. Another aspect of the neuroscientific approach focuses on early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in diseases and/or brain injuries. Lacunar infarcts are among 11% and 25% of all strokes, pointing to a public health problem that should be widely studied for its high rate of incidence. In this regard, the article “Neuropsychological impairment in patients with lacunar infarction” presents the findings of a neuropsychological analysis about this condition, showing that it can cause a cognitive impairment that may progress to a dementia process. Furthermore, advances in the field of functional neurosurgery oriented to the treatment of serious and disabling psychiatric/psychological symptoms supportThe aim of the study was to develop a scale to assess parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. The sample was nonprobabilistic and consisted of 790 participants, 350 mothers and 440 fathers of the city of Mexico, with an average age of 36.34 years. The age of the children ranged from 6 to 12 years. A Likert scale with six response options (strongly disagree-strongly agree) was developed. Participants responded the scale in a voluntary manner. After performing the psychometric analysis of the items (bias, total item correlation, Students t test for extreme groups, factorial analysis of main components with orthogonal rotation, Cronbachs alpha) the scale was composed of 24 items divided into five factors: punishment, permissive, negative emotional, behavioral control, and negative cognition. It was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was obtained for assessing parenting styles used by mothers and fathers.