Sofía Rivera Aragón

Violencia de Pareja en Mujeres: Prevalencia y Factores Asociados

Aim: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among women at Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico. Material and methods. Was applied a survey to a representative sample of adult women from Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico about magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence. Was estimated a zero-inflated negative binomial model to simultaneously identify factors associated with the presence and absence of violence. Results. 33% of women reported intimate partner violence events. Factors associated with intimate partner violence were: schooling, childhood abuse, abortion, partner alcohol consumption, non-shared couple decision making and gender stereotypes. Conclusion. Intimate partner violence is a public health problem in Ecatepec, requiring the instrumentation of intervention programs focused in its determinants for this sociocultural context.

La instrumentalidad y expresividad en la percepción hacia la mujer con éxito

This paper has the aim of knowing which of the personality attributes linked to instrumentality (set of characteristics linked to competivity, responsibility, and achievement orientation) and expressivity (set of characteristics linked to the expression of affect, and caring for others) is the best predictor for attitudes towards successful women in both men and women. A sample of 908 voluntaries (454 men, 454 women), all residents of Mexico City, was used for this study. Results show the impact of positive instrumentality and positive expressivity (androgyny) is important for men and women to determine their positive attitude towards a successful woman.

Tipos de personalidad del mexicano: Desarrollo y validación de una escala

Personality research have attempted to identify the existence of universal traits, ethnopsychological research has sought to identify the typical qualities of Mexicans, but without reaching agreement or what relationship they have with the general models of personality like the Five Factor Model. This research aims to identify and describe the personality traits of the Mexicans and Diaz Guerrero (1997) proposal about Mexican Types of Personality. We conducted two studies that explored the qualities and traits that people used to describe themselves, yielding 57 features. The scale orders in 11 factors, after than a second order factor analysis was performed to check if that grouped in types, confirming three personality types similar to the ethnopsychological postulates and the Five Factor Model.

POTENCIAL RESILIENTE EN FAMILIAS CON ADOLESCENTES QUE CONSUMEN Y NO CONSUMEN ALCOHOL

Adolescence is a critical period for initiating and developing addictions. For parents, adversities related to alcohol consumption of their adolescent children and their implications for development are increasingly common. The purpose of this research was to establish if family functioning predicts the resilient potential of parents with teenage children who consume or do not consume alcohol. Participants were 140 volunteer parents with a teenage child who had a risky consumption of alcohol and 187 parents with a teenager who did not consume alcohol. The Resilient Potential Scale (García & García-Méndez, in press) and the Family Functioning Scale (García-Méndez, Rivera, Reyes-Lagunes & Díaz-Loving, 2006) were administered. The results of stepwise regressions indicate that parents’ Resilient Potential is predicted by the factors Positive Family Environment and Command /Problems on the Emotional Expression of the Family Functioning Scale.

Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar la actitud hacia una mujer con éxito

Women are taking another position in the society, because they have accessed education, well-paid job, and politics, which generate changes which are related with the actual women role. Given the impact of these changes in interpersonal relationships, the objective of the present research was to construct a scale which measures the attitude to a successful woman in men and women. A sample was applied to 618 volunteer participants, 304 men and 314 women. After obtaining the internal consistent and the discrimination of reagents, a factorial analysis of the principal components with orthogonal rotation was made. The results grouped 71 reagents in four factors: leader, affective-altruistic, self-sufficient and competent.

Perdón y Resentimiento h acia la Pareja: Desarrollo y Validación de Dos Escala

espanolLo que las personas sienten, piensan y hacen despues de haber sido lastimados por el comportamiento de su pareja sentimental, ha sido estudiado como un continuo que va desde el resentimiento hasta el perdon, por lo que se ha inferido uno a partir de las puntuaciones bajas del otro y se ha omitido la medicion directa del resentimiento. En esta investigacion se disenaron y validaron la escala del perdon hacia la pareja, y la escala del resentimiento hacia la pareja. Participaron 581 adultos mexicanos que se encontraban en una relacion romantica en la cual habian sido lastimados u ofendidos por su pareja en algun momento. Los instrumentos mostraron alta consistencia interna y adecuada validez de constructo mediante analisis factorial exploratorio. Los productos de esta investigacion ofrecen la posibilidad de medir el perdon y el resentimiento hacia la pareja de manera independiente para profundizar en la comprension de ambos fenomenos. EnglishWhat people feel, think, and do after having been hurt by the behavior of their sentimental partner, has been frequently studied as a continuum from resentment to forgiveness, so that empirically one has been inferred from low scores on the other and direct measurement of resentment has been omitted. In this research two scales where designed and psychometrically validated, the forgiveness toward the romantic partner scale, and the resentment toward the romantic couple scale. The instruments showed high internal consistency and adequate construct validity through exploratory factor analysis. The products of this research offer the possibility to measure forgiveness and resentment towards the romantic partner independently and thereby deepen the understanding of forgiveness and resentment in romantic relationships.

RESILIENT POTENTIAL IN FAMILIES WITH TEENAGERS WHO CONSUME AND DO NOT CONSUME ALCOHOL

Adolescence is a critical period for initiating and developing addictions. For parents, adversities related to alcohol consumption of their adolescent children and their implications for development are increasingly common. The purpose of this research was to establish if family functioning predicts the resilient potential of parents with teenage children who consume or do not consume alcohol. Participants were 140 volunteer parents with a teenage child who had a risky consumption of alcohol and 187 parents with a teenager who did not consume alcohol. The Resilient Potential Scale (García & García-Méndez, in press) and the Family Functioning Scale (García-Méndez, Rivera, Reyes-Lagunes & Díaz-Loving, 2006) were administered. The results of stepwise regressions indicate that parents’ Resilient Potential is predicted by the factors Positive Family Environment and Command /Problems on the Emotional Expression of the Family Functioning Scale.

POTENCIAL RESILIENTE EM FAMÍLIAS COM ADOLESCENTES QUE CONSOME E NÃO CONSOMEM ÁLCOOL

Adolescence is a critical period for initiating and developing addictions. For parents, adversities related to alcohol consumption of their adolescent children and their implications for development are increasingly common. The purpose of this research was to establish if family functioning predicts the resilient potential of parents with teenage children who consume or do not consume alcohol. Participants were 140 volunteer parents with a teenage child who had a risky consumption of alcohol and 187 parents with a teenager who did not consume alcohol. The Resilient Potential Scale (García & García-Méndez, in press) and the Family Functioning Scale (García-Méndez, Rivera, Reyes-Lagunes & Díaz-Loving, 2006) were administered. The results of stepwise regressions indicate that parents’ Resilient Potential is predicted by the factors Positive Family Environment and Command /Problems on the Emotional Expression of the Family Functioning Scale.

La percepción de los padres sobre la crianza de los hijos

Research in the field of psychology should clarify and explain the various objects of study, trying to explain the different approaches, processes, as well as cognitive and emotional functions that occur along the ontogenetic development, in order to generate, as far as possible, strategies to cope with different suffering conditions: psychological, social, neurological, psychiatric, medical etc. It is under this perspective that this issue includes 14 articles, seven of which are focused on the area of neuroscience and the remaining seven in other areas of psychology. The Neurosciences include a set of methods for the study of the nervous system. Through them it is possible to conduct research on the biological foundations of mental activity and behavior as well as their deviations from normality based on disease processes. Today, the field of Cognitive Neuroscience offers the opportunity to integrate knowledge from various sources to better understand the processes that underlie consciousness and higher nervous activity. These should be oriented to the ecological validity of the psychological processes and functions within a framework not only “biopsychosocial” but “neuropsychoeducational”. In this issue of the Journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología a special section is devoted to contribute to the dissemination of research related to the area of Psychophysiology, Neuropsychology and Psychobiology in any of their fields of intervention (clinical, educational and basic) in which findings of interest related to the role of the Psychophysiologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychobiologist in the fields mentioned above support the intervention on the client’s problems (qualitative and quantitative analysis, rehabilitation, standards). Therefore, the first section consists of seven papers that contribute to this research network. The article entitled “Hemodynamic responses to acoustically modified syllables in premature and full term newborn infants acquired by near infrared spectroscopy” is important for neuroscience because it shows the use of a brain imaging technique more versatile for the study of brain function of infants and children. This technique is known as optical topography or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Exploring the functions of the brain in preterm infants and infants with hypoxia can significantly advance our understanding of how these early traumas impact cognitive development. Although we are daily exposed to situations of acute stress, few studies have assessed these effects. This is why it is important to know the answers and mechanisms involved when coping with stress. In the article “Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex” the above mentioned mechanisms, the effects of acute exposure to different stressors and changes in concentration of noradrenaline and serotonine in the prefrontal cortex were assessed. The Neuroscience approach to study ADHD, has tried to make a contribution to discern between the behavioral neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of this disorder, in order to break the debate about the overdiagnosis and suitable intervention for children with ADHD. Regarding this issue, the article “Identification of symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity by parents and teachers” epidemiologically helps to understand the way the disorder is perceived by family and teachers for its proper diagnosis and management on the part of mental health professionals. Another aspect of the neuroscientific approach focuses on early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in diseases and/or brain injuries. Lacunar infarcts are among 11% and 25% of all strokes, pointing to a public health problem that should be widely studied for its high rate of incidence. In this regard, the article “Neuropsychological impairment in patients with lacunar infarction” presents the findings of a neuropsychological analysis about this condition, showing that it can cause a cognitive impairment that may progress to a dementia process. Furthermore, advances in the field of functional neurosurgery oriented to the treatment of serious and disabling psychiatric/psychological symptoms supportThe aim of the study was to develop a scale to assess parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. The sample was nonprobabilistic and consisted of 790 participants, 350 mothers and 440 fathers of the city of Mexico, with an average age of 36.34 years. The age of the children ranged from 6 to 12 years. A Likert scale with six response options (strongly disagree-strongly agree) was developed. Participants responded the scale in a voluntary manner. After performing the psychometric analysis of the items (bias, total item correlation, Students t test for extreme groups, factorial analysis of main components with orthogonal rotation, Cronbachs alpha) the scale was composed of 24 items divided into five factors: punishment, permissive, negative emotional, behavioral control, and negative cognition. It was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was obtained for assessing parenting styles used by mothers and fathers.

PARENTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT CHILD REARING

Research in the field of psychology should clarify and explain the various objects of study, trying to explain the different approaches, processes, as well as cognitive and emotional functions that occur along the ontogenetic development, in order to generate, as far as possible, strategies to cope with different suffering conditions: psychological, social, neurological, psychiatric, medical etc. It is under this perspective that this issue includes 14 articles, seven of which are focused on the area of neuroscience and the remaining seven in other areas of psychology. The Neurosciences include a set of methods for the study of the nervous system. Through them it is possible to conduct research on the biological foundations of mental activity and behavior as well as their deviations from normality based on disease processes. Today, the field of Cognitive Neuroscience offers the opportunity to integrate knowledge from various sources to better understand the processes that underlie consciousness and higher nervous activity. These should be oriented to the ecological validity of the psychological processes and functions within a framework not only “biopsychosocial” but “neuropsychoeducational”. In this issue of the Journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología a special section is devoted to contribute to the dissemination of research related to the area of Psychophysiology, Neuropsychology and Psychobiology in any of their fields of intervention (clinical, educational and basic) in which findings of interest related to the role of the Psychophysiologist, Neuropsychologist and Psychobiologist in the fields mentioned above support the intervention on the client’s problems (qualitative and quantitative analysis, rehabilitation, standards). Therefore, the first section consists of seven papers that contribute to this research network. The article entitled “Hemodynamic responses to acoustically modified syllables in premature and full term newborn infants acquired by near infrared spectroscopy” is important for neuroscience because it shows the use of a brain imaging technique more versatile for the study of brain function of infants and children. This technique is known as optical topography or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Exploring the functions of the brain in preterm infants and infants with hypoxia can significantly advance our understanding of how these early traumas impact cognitive development. Although we are daily exposed to situations of acute stress, few studies have assessed these effects. This is why it is important to know the answers and mechanisms involved when coping with stress. In the article “Acute effects of restraint, shock and training in the elevated T-maze on noradrenaline and serotonin systems of the prefrontal cortex” the above mentioned mechanisms, the effects of acute exposure to different stressors and changes in concentration of noradrenaline and serotonine in the prefrontal cortex were assessed. The Neuroscience approach to study ADHD, has tried to make a contribution to discern between the behavioral neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of this disorder, in order to break the debate about the overdiagnosis and suitable intervention for children with ADHD. Regarding this issue, the article “Identification of symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity by parents and teachers” epidemiologically helps to understand the way the disorder is perceived by family and teachers for its proper diagnosis and management on the part of mental health professionals. Another aspect of the neuroscientific approach focuses on early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in diseases and/or brain injuries. Lacunar infarcts are among 11% and 25% of all strokes, pointing to a public health problem that should be widely studied for its high rate of incidence. In this regard, the article “Neuropsychological impairment in patients with lacunar infarction” presents the findings of a neuropsychological analysis about this condition, showing that it can cause a cognitive impairment that may progress to a dementia process. Furthermore, advances in the field of functional neurosurgery oriented to the treatment of serious and disabling psychiatric/psychological symptoms supportThe aim of the study was to develop a scale to assess parenting styles used by mothers and fathers. The sample was nonprobabilistic and consisted of 790 participants, 350 mothers and 440 fathers of the city of Mexico, with an average age of 36.34 years. The age of the children ranged from 6 to 12 years. A Likert scale with six response options (strongly disagree-strongly agree) was developed. Participants responded the scale in a voluntary manner. After performing the psychometric analysis of the items (bias, total item correlation, Students t test for extreme groups, factorial analysis of main components with orthogonal rotation, Cronbachs alpha) the scale was composed of 24 items divided into five factors: punishment, permissive, negative emotional, behavioral control, and negative cognition. It was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was obtained for assessing parenting styles used by mothers and fathers.