Miroslav Kyncl

STUDY AND RESEARCH ON CLEANING PROCEDURES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PRODUCTS STUDIUM A VÝZKUM POSTUPŮ ČIŠTĚNÍ ANAEROBNÍ DIGESCE

Abstract This paper focuses on increasing quantities of digestate, a final product of anaerobic digestion, in biogas stations being built as alternative sources of energy. The potential use of digestate is limited due to its rather specific physical properties. This paper presents current approaches to digestate and digestate management. The objective is to compare the properties of digestate and the products of its separation via centrifuging, i.e. the liquid phase known as digestate liquor, and the solid phase referred to as digestate fibre. Its focus is mainly laid on techniques for dewatering digestate in low-solid anaerobic processes only, which have been tested for the effectiveness of the basic physical and chemical methods including their combinations. The measured results show that the use of coagulants and flocculants for this purpose would be very problematic in practice with regard to their high consumption as well as the need to input other elements into the process. Abstrakt Předložený článek se zabývá problematikou narůstajícího množství digestátu jako konečného produktu anaerobní digesce v bioplynových stanicích, budovaných jako alternativní zdroje energie. Digestát má v současné době omezené využití, které je dáno jeho specifickými fyzikálními vlastnostmi, zejména extrémně problematickou separací jednotlivých složek, ale také chemickým a mikrobiologickým složením. Jeho vlastnosti jsou z největší části ovlivněny druhem zpracovávané biomasy. V úvodní části tato studie předkládá současné možnosti nakládání s digestátem. Předmětem experimentální části je popis odběru a analýzy vzorků digestátu včetně jeho zpracování v laboratorních podmínkách použitím odstředění a následné posouzení vlastností digestátu a produktů separace, tj. fugátu a separátu a dále testování koagulačních a flokulačních činidel pro účinnější separaci tuhé fáze z digestátu, resp. fugátu. Použití koagulantů a flokulantů pro tyto účely v praxi by bylo značně problematické s ohledem na jejich vysokou spotřebu a vnos dalších prvků do procesu.

Artificial Ground Water Recharge with Surface Water

With regard to the adverse manifestations of the recent climatic conditions, Europe as well as the world have been facing the problem of dry periods that reduce the possibility of drawing drinking water from the underground sources. The paper aims to describe artificial ground water recharge (infiltration) that may be used to restock underground sources with surface water from natural streams. Among many conditions, it aims to specify the boundary and operational conditions of the individual aspects of the artificial ground water recharge technology. The principle of artificial infiltration lies in the design of a technical system, by means of which it is possible to conduct surplus water from one place (in this case a natural stream) into another place (an infiltration basin in this case). This way, the water begins to infiltrate into the underground resources of drinking water, while the mixed water composition corresponds to the water parameters required for drinking water.

Testing the impact of waste from anaerobic digestion (enriched with an organic component on the quality of agricultural land)

Abstract Waste from anaerobic digestion is considered as a mineral fertilizer and it is usually applied to agricultural land. The aim of our attempt was to enrich this waste from anaerobic digestion (digestate) with an organic component (in our case represented by haylage). For this purpose, we made different mixtures of digestate and haylage in different weight ratios. In the field trial, the effect of these mixtures on the soil, under standard agricultural conditions, was monitored. Selected accessible nutrients (P, K, Mg, Mn, Ca) and the amount of carbon and nitrogen in the soil were monitored. The results of the laboratory tests confirmed that the areas where the sowing and digestate mixtures were applied showed greater amounts of macro- and micronutrients in plant-accessible forms than the surface fertilized only with digestate or areas fertilized only with standard fertilizers.

Artificial recharge – measurement of soil infiltration in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential for infiltration in a study area – Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, the Czech Republic. The results are important for the future design of an artificial recharge structure as a method to store water underground in times of water surplus. A total of six measurements of infiltration were made using a double ring infiltrometer on selected prospective sites for the future application of artificial recharge. The results of infiltration tests were analysed based on the Philip’s model. The steady soil infiltration rates ranged from 28 cm∙h−1 to 70.38 cm∙h−1and the cumulative soil infiltration ranged from 58 cm to 68 cm.

The distribution of macro and micronutrients in the maize within separated digestate fertilizing: field trial

Abstract Along with the current increase in the number of biogas plants, huge amounts of digestate, i.e. waste products, are being generated. The common practice in the Czech Republic is to plough the digestate into the land. In our field trial, we compared the fertilizing effects of standard fertilizers applied in the Czech Republic with digestate as the only fertilizer (e.g. digestate fibre and digestate liquor) in real agricultural conditions to find out whether a comparable amount of nitrogen is used in accordance with European legislation. The impact of separated digestate fibre and separated liquor on the soil fertility and quality was observed on the basis of the distribution of macro- and micronutrients in maize. The evaluation of growth increments in maize suggests that the fertilizing effects of digestate liquor or digestate fibre do not match the standard fertilizer in agriculture, but especially digestate liquor is comparable with other mineral fertilizers. Our field trial also shows that digestate liquor is a better fertilizer than digestate fibre, which may be explained by more appropriate ratios of available nutrients in digestate liquor. Digestate fibre may be recommended mainly for the aeration of clayey soil, but is not sustainable as fertilizer.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF FLOCCULATION OF DIGESTATE

Abstract The paper deals with the intensification of separating the solid phase of digestate using flocculants only. The separated solid phase should subsequently be used in agriculture for fertilising. Flocculants (polyacrylamides) are difficult to biodegrade. In this respect, they should not deteriorate the properties of the solid phase and the flocculant dose must be as low as possible. The research aimed to identify the optimal cationic flocculant and its application procedure which would enable a dosage that would be both economically and ecologically acceptable. We tested 21 cationic flocculants of different charge density and molecular weight and 1 mixture of two selected flocculants (Sokoflok 53 and Sokoflok 54) with the aim to discover the lowest possible dose of flocculating agent to achieve the effective aggregation of digestate particles. The lowest flocculant doses were obtained using the mixture of flocculants labelled Sokoflok 53 and Sokoflok 54 in 4:1 proportion, both of a low charge density and medium molecular weight, namely 14.54 g/kg of total solids for a digestate from the biogas plant Stonava and namely 11.80 g/kg of total solids for a digestate from the biogas plant Vrahovice. The findings also reveal that flocculation is most effective during two-stage flocculant dosing at different mixing time and intensity.

ASSESSING RELATIONS BETWEEN WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN THE ODRA AND MORAVA RIVER BASINS POSOUZENÍ VAZBY VODÁRENSKÝCH ZDROJŮ A NÁROKŮ NA VODU V OBLASTECH POVODÍ ODRY A MORAVY

Abstract Periods of drought represent a serious problem in the management of water resources. Currently used climatic models assume the onset of major climatic changes and periods of drought. Irrespective of whether the forecasts will be fulfilled or not, it is essential to prepare measures to ensure the supply of drinking water in dry periods. This paper deals with the preparation of water balances for the areas of the Odra and Morava River basins and the prediction of relationships between water supply and water demand in the given area. Abstrakt Suchá období představují závažný problém v nakládání s vodními zdroji. Současné klimatické modely předpokládají nástup velkých klimatických změn a s tím nástup suchých období. Bez ohledu, zda se tyto prognózy naplní nebo ne, je třeba připravovat opatření k zajištění zásobování pitnou vodou v suchých obdobích. Tento článek se zabývá zpracováním vodohospodářských bilancí vodárenských zdrojů oblastí povodí Odry a povodí Moravy a predikcí vazby těchto vodárenských zdrojů a samotných nároků na vodu v daném prostoru