Miroslav Stransky

Prävention der koronaren Herzkrankheit

This study aimed at reducing risk factors for coronary heart disease through improving living habits in the population. It was conducted in a rural community in the canton of Zürich; a similar community without an intervention programme served for comparison. Data from questionnaires and examinations in random population samples examined at the start and a year later (1974-75) indicated that a favourable effect on smoking habits was achieved while blood-pressure levels were reduced in both communities, presumably because hypertensives were referred to their physician in the intervention as well as in the control area. Serum-cholesterol level and eating habits could not be demonstrably influenced. However, there was a trend toward weight reduction and an increase in physical activity in the intervention community. On comparing the initial findings, based on random samples, with an independent new sample examined at the end of the study, no overall changes in risk-factor levels could be found in the general population but the statistical power to show an effect is impaired by small numbers. The intensity of the intervention programme was limited by the available means; it was well accepted by the population.

Zur Mittagsverpflegung der Mittelschüler

ZusammenfassungDie Tagesteller der Mensen dreier Gymnasen wurden an zehn aufeinanderfolgenden Schultagen erhoben und chemisch analysiert. Die gefundenen Nährstoffgehalte werden anerkannten Empfehlungen gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.RésuméLe contenu des assiettes de jour servies dans les réfectoires de 3 lycées a été prélevé pendant dix jours scolaires consécutifs et analysé chimiquement. Les teneurs en substances nutritives décelées sont comparées aux recommandations reconnues et discutées.SummaryAliquot luncheon plates served in the dining rooms of three high schools were obtained and chemically analysed on each of ten consecutive working days. The nutrient contents found are discussed and compared with official recommendations.

Frähstäcksgewohnheiten und Zwischenverpflegung von Gymnasiasten

Zusammenfassung345 Gymnasiasten der zweiten und sechsten Klasse wurden äber die Ernährungsgewohnheiten befragt. 82% der Schäler frähstäcken regelmässig, 55% der Befragten nehmen ein mittleres, 30% ein reichhaltiges Frähstäck ein. Die Zwischenmahlzeiten und die Spätmahlzeit werden wesentlich seltener eingenommen; die Gestaltung ist geschlechtsabhängig.Résumé345 gymnasiastes de la deuxième et de la sixième classe ont été interogés sur leurs habitudes alimentaires. 82% des élèves prennent régulièrement un petit déjeuner, 55% des personnes interrogées prennent un petit déjeuner moyen, 30% un petit déjeuner copieux. Les collations prises entre les repas et en fin de soirée sont sensiblement plus rares. Leur composition dépend du sexe des personnes interrogées.Summary345 high school students of the second and sixth grade were questioned to gather data on their nutrition habits. 82% of the students have breakfast regularly, 55% of those questioned have a medium breakfast whereas 30% prefer a rich meal in the morning. Snacks between meals and late meals are taken by far less frequently. The composition of meals varies according to sexes.

Erfahrungen mit einer Gruppe von übergewichtigen

The experience with group therapy of five obese persons over a ten-week period is being reported. The purpose was to effect changes in abnormal eating habits by means of behavioural methods toward self-control. The mean weight of the group was reduced from 79,4 kg to 72,2 kg during the period of the course; mean weight reduction was 7,2 kg while mean overweight was lowered from 22% to 10%. In order to prevent rebounds, it is recommended that participants remain under continued care. Despite the small number of probands, it is though that the study provides useful information about the effectiveness and problems of group-dynamic obesity treatment in population.

A nutritional survey of 38 single elderly persons with free choice of food

The nutritional habits of 38 randomly selected single aged people with free choice of food have been investigated by the precise weighing method. Blood serum levels of the vitamins A, C, and E and of beta-carotene and biotin were analyzed, and the nutritional status with respect to the vitamins B1, B2, and B6 was examined by the transketolase-test, the glutathione-reductase-test, and the glutamic-acid-oxalo-acetic-transaminase-test. In relation to the desirable daily supply of nutrients and other dietary components the food was deficient in the vitamins B1, and B6 and in magnesium. For women an additional calcium-deficiency was demonstrated. The dietary fat content, however, was found to be high (44% of total calorie intake). The results of the blood analyses suggest an insufficient dietary supply of vitamin B1, partly also of the vitamins B6 and C. The total caloric intake was found to be rather low with respect to the age.

Präventivstudie und Risikofaktoren bei den Koronarkrankheiten im Kanton Zürich

An intervention study is being carried out in relation to the prevention of diseases caused by atherosclerosis, especially coronary heart disease. The purpose of the study is to test in one community whether an intensive health education program, including the media (newspapers, radio and educational materials) as well as more individual instruction (lecture, group discussions, courses, exhibitions, collaboration with organizations) can modify risk factors in the population through favorable changes in the mode of life. Another community without any programs serves as a control. Questionnaires are being sent and screening examinations are being carried out in random samples of both populations before and at the end of the educational campaign in order to evaluate its effect. The plan and methods of the study are being described and the distribution of risk factors, based on the first round of examinations, is presented. A second round of examinations is due after a 12 months interval.

Ernährungsstudie in einem Altersheim

ZusammenfassungRund ein Viertel von 46 Insassen eines Altersheimes in Zürich war nicht in der Lage, die am Vortag aufgegenommene Nahrungsmenge zu schätzen oder sich an die Zusammensetzung der Mahlzeiten zu erinnern. Fast alle Personen, die sich über die Menge äußerten, unterschätzten die eingenommenen Nahrungsmengen um rund einen Viertel.Auf Grund der Inventarmethode sind die Insassen mit Kalorien reichlich versorgt. Die Zufuhr an Fetten ist zu hoch (46 %) der aufgenommenen Kalorien) und diejenige an Proteinen zu niedrig (Kalorienanteil 12 %). Der Eisenbedarf wird mit 76 %, der Magnesiumbedarf mit 46 % gedeckt. Die Vitamin-A-Versorgung weist ein Defizit von 11 % auf, das Vitamin-C-Defizit beträgt 18 %.Die Vitamin-A-Verluste erreichten laut chemischen Analysen 78 %, die Vitamin-C-Verluste 46 %. Trotzdem wurden bei der einfachen klinischen Untersuchung keine Mangelerscheinungen festgestellt; auch liegen die Plasmawerte von Vitamin A und C mit zwei Ausnahmen (Vitamin C) im normalen Bereich.70 % der untersuchten Insassen waren übergewichtig; höhere Cholesterinspiegel (≥270 mg/%) wurden bei 55 % der Untersuchten, vor allem bei Adipösen, festgestellt.