Moema Gonçalves Bueno Fígoli

Associação entre mortalidade e estado marital: uma análise para idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, Estudo SABE, 2000 e 2006

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, para a populacao com 60 anos e mais, residente no Municipio de Sao Paulo, Brasil, a associacao entre mortalidade e estado marital. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram utilizados os dados do Estudo SABE: Saude, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), realizado nos anos 2000 e 2006, e modelos de Regressao de Poisson foram estimados, levando-se, em consideracao, a variacao do tempo de risco de morte. No geral, os resultados indicam que, entre os idosos paulistanos do sexo masculino, a taxa de mortalidade dos solteiros e 61% maior que a taxa de mortalidade observada para os casados. Por sua vez, a separacao/divorcio ou a viuvez parece elevar a chance de morte das mulheres idosas analisadas. No geral, idosas separadas e viuvas apresentaram taxas de mortalidade 82% e 35% maiores que a observada para as casadas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos fatores associados a sobrevivencia dos idosos, alem de subsidiar politicas de saude voltadas para esse contingente populacional.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between markers of oral disease and geographical factors influencing access to dental care (DMFT score) among school children in Central Mexico. Retrospective data were collected during an international service-learning program between 2002 and 2009. A sample of 1,143 children (55% females; mean age 12.7±13.1years) was analyzed. The mean DMFT score, represented largely by untreated tooth decay, was 4.02 (4.76). The variables that had the most significant effect on the DMFT score were proportion of paved roads between the community and dental services, and the availability of piped potable water. The DMFT score increased in proportion to the percentage of paved roads. In contrast, the DMFT score decreased with the availability of piped potable water. Similar results were found for untreated tooth decay. The main variable associated with a significant increase in dental fillings was proportion of paved roads. Together with Brazilian reports, this is one of the first investigations of the association between geographical factors and oral health in an underdeveloped setting.El estudio caracterizo la asociacion entre marcadores de salud bucal y de acceso deficiente a servicios dentales con variables geograficas. Se realizo un analisis retrospectivo de datos (recogidos de 2002 a 2009) de 1.143 ninos (55% mujeres; edad media 12,7±13,1 anos). El CPOD fue 4,02 (4,76), constituido primordialmente por caries sin tratar. Las variables con el mayor efecto sobre el CPOD fueron la proporcion de caminos pavimentados entre el termino municipal principal y comunidades aledanas, y la disponibilidad de agua potable entubada en estas ultimas. El CPOD aumento conforme lo hizo la proporcion de los caminos pavimentados. Por el contrario, el CPOD disminuyo moderadamente conforme la disponibilidad de agua potable aumento. La caries sin tratar exhibio tendencias similares. La unica variable fuertemente asociada a un mayor numero de tratamientos dentales fue la proporcion de caminos pavimentados. Conjuntamente con informes brasilenos, este es uno de los primeros estudios sobre la asociacion de factores geograficos y salud bucodental en un entorno menos desarrollo.

Association between marital status and mortality among elderly residents in São Paulo City, Brazil, SABE Study, 2000 and 2006

This study aimed to analyze the association between mortality and marital status in the elderly population (60 years and older) in São Paulo, Brazil. The authors used data from the SABE Study (Health, Well-Being, and Aging) from 2000 and 2006. Statistical analysis used Poisson regression, considering variation in time of mortality risk. The mortality rate among single elderly males was 61% higher than among married men. Separation or divorce and widowhood increased the odds of death in elderly women (separated/divorced women and widows showed mortality rates 82% and 35% higher, respectively, than married women). It is hoped that the current study will improve our understanding of factors associated with survival in the elderly, in addition to supporting health policies for this population group.

Evolução da educação no Brasil: uma análise das taxas entre 1970 e 2000 segundo o grau da última série concluída

This article discusses the differences in rates of highest grade reached in school in Brazil by persons age 15 years and older between 1970 and 2000, according to age and gender group. For the higher age groups the expansion in formal education seems to have resulted in an increase in the number of persons with at least one grade of elementary education concluded, whereas for the younger brackets, the growth in the proportion of those with at least one year of senior high school [grades 9-11] and higher education concluded was more significant. Analysis by cohort showed a greater increase, during the period, among the younger cohorts and the women, in the proportion of persons in high school, and college or university. The older age brackets in 2000 had little effect on the statistical growth of education in the country, and actually reduced the difference between the rates seen in 1970 and in 2000 for the levels of: no formal education, elementary education, and high school. But for the number of persons in higher education, this factor increased the difference. The distribution by educational level of legal international immigrants, as shown in the censuses of 1991 and 2000, contributes to an increase in the rates of higher levels of education.

Da atividade à invalidez permanente: um estudo utilizando dados do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS) do Brasil no período 1999-2002

This article has the objective of estimating the probability that individuals registered with the General Social Security Regime (RGPS) in Brazil would pass from the state of working to that of permanent disability, by sex and by age, from 1999 to 2002. The results show that the risk of men retiring due to disability rises with age until the age of 65, and then falls. For women, the probability of retiring due to permanent disability continues to rise up to the highest age measured. This pattern can be explained in part by the competition between, on the one hand, the risk of retiring due to disability and, in contrast, other benefits provided by the Brazilian social security system to individuals who have postponed retirement or have not yet fulfilled the minimum requirements for such. Since the information in this article refers to the vast majority of persons registered with the social security regime, it is intended as a contribution for a broader understanding of disability, especially in the areas of insurance and social security.

Past and present: conditions of life during childhood and mortality of older adults

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze whether socioeconomic and health conditions during childhood are associated with mortality during old age. METHODS Data were extracted from the SABE Study (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento – Health, Welfare and Aging), which were performed in 2000 and 2006. The sample consisted of 2004 (1,355 living and 649 dead) older adults. The statistical analysis was performed based on Poisson regression models, taking into account the time variation of risk observed. Older adults’ demographic characteristics and life conditions were evaluated, as were the socioeconomic and lifestyle conditions they acquired during their adult life. RESULTS Only the area of residence during childhood (rural or urban) remained as a factor associated with mortality at advanced ages. However, this association lost significance when the variables acquired during adulthood were added to the model. CONCLUSIONS Despite the information regarding the conditions during childhood being limited and perhaps not accurately measure the socioeconomic status and health in the first years of life, the findings of this study suggest that improving the environmental conditions of children and creating opportunities during early adulthood may contribute to greater survival rates for those of more advanced years.

Asociación entre el estado civil y la mortalidad: un análisis de los ancianos residentes en São Paulo, Brasil, el Estudio SABE, 2000 y 2006

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, para a populacao com 60 anos e mais, residente no Municipio de Sao Paulo, Brasil, a associacao entre mortalidade e estado marital. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram utilizados os dados do Estudo SABE: Saude, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), realizado nos anos 2000 e 2006, e modelos de Regressao de Poisson foram estimados, levando-se, em consideracao, a variacao do tempo de risco de morte. No geral, os resultados indicam que, entre os idosos paulistanos do sexo masculino, a taxa de mortalidade dos solteiros e 61% maior que a taxa de mortalidade observada para os casados. Por sua vez, a separacao/divorcio ou a viuvez parece elevar a chance de morte das mulheres idosas analisadas. No geral, idosas separadas e viuvas apresentaram taxas de mortalidade 82% e 35% maiores que a observada para as casadas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos fatores associados a sobrevivencia dos idosos, alem de subsidiar politicas de saude voltadas para esse contingente populacional.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between markers of oral disease and geographical factors influencing access to dental care (DMFT score) among school children in Central Mexico. Retrospective data were collected during an international service-learning program between 2002 and 2009. A sample of 1,143 children (55% females; mean age 12.7±13.1years) was analyzed. The mean DMFT score, represented largely by untreated tooth decay, was 4.02 (4.76). The variables that had the most significant effect on the DMFT score were proportion of paved roads between the community and dental services, and the availability of piped potable water. The DMFT score increased in proportion to the percentage of paved roads. In contrast, the DMFT score decreased with the availability of piped potable water. Similar results were found for untreated tooth decay. The main variable associated with a significant increase in dental fillings was proportion of paved roads. Together with Brazilian reports, this is one of the first investigations of the association between geographical factors and oral health in an underdeveloped setting.El estudio caracterizo la asociacion entre marcadores de salud bucal y de acceso deficiente a servicios dentales con variables geograficas. Se realizo un analisis retrospectivo de datos (recogidos de 2002 a 2009) de 1.143 ninos (55% mujeres; edad media 12,7±13,1 anos). El CPOD fue 4,02 (4,76), constituido primordialmente por caries sin tratar. Las variables con el mayor efecto sobre el CPOD fueron la proporcion de caminos pavimentados entre el termino municipal principal y comunidades aledanas, y la disponibilidad de agua potable entubada en estas ultimas. El CPOD aumento conforme lo hizo la proporcion de los caminos pavimentados. Por el contrario, el CPOD disminuyo moderadamente conforme la disponibilidad de agua potable aumento. La caries sin tratar exhibio tendencias similares. La unica variable fuertemente asociada a un mayor numero de tratamientos dentales fue la proporcion de caminos pavimentados. Conjuntamente con informes brasilenos, este es uno de los primeros estudios sobre la asociacion de factores geograficos y salud bucodental en un entorno menos desarrollo.

From working to permanent disability: a study based on data from the General Social Security Regime (RGPS) in Brazil from 1999 to 2002

This article has the objective of estimating the probability that individuals registered with the General Social Security Regime (RGPS) in Brazil would pass from the state of working to that of permanent disability, by sex and by age, from 1999 to 2002. The results show that the risk of men retiring due to disability rises with age until the age of 65, and then falls. For women, the probability of retiring due to permanent disability continues to rise up to the highest age measured. This pattern can be explained in part by the competition between, on the one hand, the risk of retiring due to disability and, in contrast, other benefits provided by the Brazilian social security system to individuals who have postponed retirement or have not yet fulfilled the minimum requirements for such. Since the information in this article refers to the vast majority of persons registered with the social security regime, it is intended as a contribution for a broader understanding of disability, especially in the areas of insurance and social security.

De la actividad a la invalidez permanente: un estudio utilizando datos del Régimen General de la Seguridad Social (RGPS) de Brasil en el período 1999-2002

This article has the objective of estimating the probability that individuals registered with the General Social Security Regime (RGPS) in Brazil would pass from the state of working to that of permanent disability, by sex and by age, from 1999 to 2002. The results show that the risk of men retiring due to disability rises with age until the age of 65, and then falls. For women, the probability of retiring due to permanent disability continues to rise up to the highest age measured. This pattern can be explained in part by the competition between, on the one hand, the risk of retiring due to disability and, in contrast, other benefits provided by the Brazilian social security system to individuals who have postponed retirement or have not yet fulfilled the minimum requirements for such. Since the information in this article refers to the vast majority of persons registered with the social security regime, it is intended as a contribution for a broader understanding of disability, especially in the areas of insurance and social security.

Mortality tables of persons retired for permanent disability by the Brazilian Social Security System, per age and per beginning of retirement, between 1999 and 2002

In this study, mortality tables by sex are constructed for persons retired due to permanent disability by the Brazilian Social Security System, using data on benefits that were active at some moment during the period between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2002.

Tábuas de mortalidade dos aposentados por invalidez pelo Regime Geral da Previdência Social – 1999-2002

In this study, mortality tables by sex are constructed for persons retired due to permanent disability by the Brazilian Social Security System, using data on benefits that were active at some moment during the period between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2002.