Moeses Andrigo Danner

Repetibilidade de caracteres de fruto em araçazeiro e pitangueira

The aim of this research was to estimate the repeatability traits of strawberry guava and surinam cherry fruits. It was evaluated in four productive cycles, the traits weight, diameter, total soluble solids and fruit production in ten selection of strawberry guava and weight, diameter and total soluble solids in nine selection of surinam cherry from the Germplasm Bank of the Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Pelotas-RS, Brazil. The repeatability coefficient, minimum observations number and determination coefficient were estimated by analysis of variance, principal components analysis and structural analysis. The repeatability coefficient was better estimated by the method of principal components analysis, based on covariance matrix. The fruit weight is adequate to phenotypic selection in strawberry guava and surinam cherry. Its only required a measurement to obtain the value of fruit weight value of strawberry guava selections, with 90% accuracy. With four years of evaluation, its possible to infer the actual value with reliability above 80% for all characters. This facilitates phenotypic selection for these traits in strawberry guava and surinam cherry breeding programs.

Propagação de Jabuticabeira por enxertia e alporquia

ABSTRACT – The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of grafting and air layering propagation techniques for Jabuticaba tree. Compatibility of grafting of three species of jabuticaba tree (Plinia cauliflora, P. trunciflora and P. jaboticaba) on rootstocks of P. cauliflora, and two periods (May and August) was tested.The percentage of grafting, number and size of shoots, was evaluated 90 days after the experiment started. Air layering was made in P. cauliflora using two diameters of branches (1.0-1.5 cm and 2.0-2.5 cm) and two widths of girdling (1.5 cm and 3.0 cm). It was evaluated the rooting percentage, the number and the length of roots, 180 days after the experiment started. Both, grafting and air layering are recommended for Jabuticaba tree propagation, because these techniques provide high percentage of nursery plant formation, up to 72.9% and 87.5%, respectively. There was grafting development of the three species grafted onto P. cauliflora rootstocks. The utilization of grafts collected from plants in fructification should be avoided, because they reduce the percentage of grafting development. In air layering, branches with diameter of 2.0-2.5 cm provide higher percentage of rooting, number and size of roots, than branches with smaller diameter (1.0 to 1.5 cm). Index terms: Plinia sp., plant propagation, compatibility, rooting.

Cutting propagation of Jabuticaba tree.

ABSTRACT – The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of cutting technique for the propagation of Jabuticaba tree (Plinia cauliflora). The rooting potential of wood cutting was tested, using four concentrations of Indolbutiric Acid - IBA (0, 2000 , 4000 and 6000 mg L -1 ) and two procedures (cross section and cutting girdling). Also the rooting potential of softwood terminal cuttings was tested, using five concentrations of IBA (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L -1 ) in two periods of implantation (October and December 2007). The rooting percentage was evaluated 180 days after the experiment started. It was observed that rooting of wood cutting is dependent on the application of IBA, so the biggest rooting percentage (50%) was obtained in the biggest concentration of IBA (6000 mg L -1 ) associated with cross section. For the softwood terminal cuttings, the rooting percentage was smaller (maximum of 10%), however there is the potential of rooting, so adjustments in the technique must be tested for maximization.Index terms: Plinia sp., plant propagation, rooting, IBA.

Phenology of blooming and fruiting of Myrtaceae native species of Araucaria Forest.

ABSTRACT – Studies of phenology are important for the development of various cultural treatments of fruit species. Therefore, it was studied the phenology of blooming and fruiting of Myrtaceae native species of Araucaria Forest, in the Southwest of the state of Parana, Brazil. Observations about phenology of Eugenia unifl ora , Eugenia involucrata , Eugenia pyriformis , Campomanesia xantocarpa , and Psidium cattleyanum were conducted from July 2007 to February 2008, in three plants of each species. There to manufacture the curves of the fruits growth based in mass of dry matter, in two weekly ratings. The fl owering of species oc-curred between late August and early November. The Eugenia involucrata is the earliest (cycle of 43 days), with ripening between mid and end of October, while the Psidium cattleyanum presents a reproductive cycle longer (98 days), with maturity during the month of February. There are differences in behavior accumula-tion of mass of dry matter between genotypes of the same species.

Análise de trilha em caracteres de frutos de jabuticabeira

The objective of this work was to identify the direct and indirect effects of jabuticaba ( Plinia cauliflora ) fruit traits on pulp yield and anthocyanin content in the peel. Fruit from 36 jabuticaba trees were collected at five occurrence sites in the Southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Different path analysis strategies were used in the evaluation of the following fruit traits: weight and diameter; pulp yield; seed and peel percentages; contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, anthocyanin, and flavonoid; and number of seeds per fruit. Ridge path analysis strategy had better performance than the analysis with the exclusion of traits, particularly under the presence of severe multicollinearity in the data set. Pulp percentage and total soluble solid content can serve as indirect selection parameters for increasing anthocyanin content in jabuticaba peel. Peel percentage is the main trait with determinant effect on jabuticaba pulp percentage, and the indirect selection for fruit with smaller amount of peel can be effective to increase pulp yield.

Genetic dissimilarity among jabuticaba trees native to southwestern Paraná, Brazil

ABSTRACT - Knowledge on the genetic diversity within and between genotype groups is of great im-portance for breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic dissimilarity among 36 native jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora) from five sites in the southwestern region of Parana, Brazil. Sixteen fruit traits were analyzed, based on multivariate techniques (canonical variables, Tocher and UP-GMA), using Mahalanobis´ distance as dissimilarity measure. By the techniques of clustering and graphic dispersion, together with the comparison of means, the genetic diversity among native jabuticaba trees was efficiently identified, indicating a high potential of these genotypes for breeding programs. The traits of greatest importance for dissimilarity were percentage of pulp and of skin, which are easily measured. The clustering structure is related to the collection sites and for breeding programs, genotypes from different sites should be crossed to generate progenies to be tested. Genotypes ‘CV5’ and ‘VT3’ should be conserved in genebanks, due to its important agronomic traits. Index terms: Plinia sp., phenotypic traits, germplasm.

Diagnóstico ecogeográfico da ocorrência de jabuticabeiras nativas no sudoeste do Paraná

The jabuticaba tree is a native fruit specie of restrict occurrence in the southwest region of the state of Parana, Brazil. This observation carried the hypothesis that jabuticaba trees have edafoclimatic preference. This study aimed to investigate the ecogeografic and edafoclimatic conditions of the sites of naturally occurrence of jabuticaba trees on southwest region of Parana, Brazil. The study was conducted at 14 sites of occurrence of jabuticaba tree. Were recorded 4,036 adult plants of the Plinia cauliflora specie, in 201.9 hectares in the Araucaria Forest Biome. The sites were located mostly between 650 and 850 m of altitude and the plants were located always in the highest part of the toposequence site with minus probability of frost. Jabuticaba trees that occur in sites with lower altitude and higher average annual temperature are bigger than others from occurrence in sites with higher altitude and lower temperature. The soils where the jabuticaba trees grow up were clayey, strongly acidic (pH almost 4.0), with high content of organic matter and iron, aluminum high-saturation, low levels of phosphorus and very low saturation of bases.

Modo de reprodução e viabilidade de pólen de três espécies de jabuticabeira

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive mode and the conditions for in vitro pollen viability testing of three jabuticaba tree species (Plinia cauliflora, P. trunciflora and P. jaboticaba). Observed fruit set in bagged and not bagged branches and aspects of floral morphology. Pollen viability was evaluated in culture medium with and without boric acid with pollen collected at different times after anthesis. Pollen germination of six genotypes was quantified before and after storage. P. trunciflora and P. jaboticaba are self-compatible, however the polinizer increase fruiting. The P. cauliflora requires polinizers for fruiting, because it has flowers with greater stigma-anther distance than the other two species, which prevents the passive self-pollination. Boric acid ads in the culture medium improve in vitro germination of jabuticaba tree pollen. The pollen viability is greater six hours after anthesis. It is possible the conservation of pollen for up to 90 days in freezer (-18°C), if it has high initial germination (greater than 80%). These results will help in planning crosses in jabutica tree.Index terms: Plinia sp., pollination, pollen storage, boron.

Repetibilidade de peso de fruto e de duração do ciclo em ameixeira e pessegueiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o peso de fruto e a duracao do ciclo entre cultivares de ameixeira e pessegueiro, estimar os coeficientes de repetibilidade e de determinacao e o numero de medicoes, para uma predicao segura dessas caracteristicas, e comparar diferentes metodos de estimacao da repetibilidade. Os caracteres foram avaliados em 5 safras, em 9 cultivares de ameixeira (Prunus salicina) e 33 cultivares de pessegueiro (Prunus persica), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O coeficiente de repetibilidade foi estimado pelos metodos de analise de variância, componentes principais e analise estrutural. Foi observado o maior peso de fruto nas cultivares de ameixeira Harry Pickstone e Pluma 7 e na cultivar de pessegueiro Santa Aurea. A menor duracao do ciclo ocorreu nas cultivares de ameixeira America, Irati e Methley e na cultivar de pessegueiro Granada. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade e de determinacao foram altos para ambos os caracteres em ameixeira e pessegueiro. Nao houve diferencas no coeficiente de repetibilidade entre os metodos utilizados. Sao necessarias de uma a tres medicoes de peso de fruto, e de uma a duas medicoes da duracao do ciclo, para obtencao dos valores genotipicos reais das cultivares de ameixeira e pessegueiro, respectivamente, com coeficiente de determinacao de 90%.

Efeito do chorume líquido de suínos na podridão do colo e tombamento de plântulas de feijoeiro causadas por Sclerotium rolfsii

Liquid swine manure (LSM) can be used as a source of nutrients and organic matter for some agricultural crops, and may interfere in plant diseases caused by soil-borne plant pathogens. Thus, the effect of LSM on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was studied. LSM was incorporated into 1 m2 plots at doses equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 m3 ha-1. The soil was infested two months prior to LSM application with 100 g of substrate (unhulled rice) colonized by the pathogen. Eighty bean seeds were sown per plot in two successive cultivations, 1 day and 45 days after LSM application. Intensity of the disease was evaluated based on plant emergence, final stand, and severity of the disease, in both cultivations. Microbial activity, ammonia concentration at the soil surface layer, and fertility levels were only evaluated in the second cultivation. A reduction in disease intensity was observed as LSM doses increased. Among the characteristics evaluated, the factors that best explain such a reduction are increased microbial activity, ammonia concentration, and copper and zinc levels.