Marcos Robson Sachet

Phenology of blooming and fruiting of Myrtaceae native species of Araucaria Forest.

ABSTRACT – Studies of phenology are important for the development of various cultural treatments of fruit species. Therefore, it was studied the phenology of blooming and fruiting of Myrtaceae native species of Araucaria Forest, in the Southwest of the state of Parana, Brazil. Observations about phenology of Eugenia unifl ora , Eugenia involucrata , Eugenia pyriformis , Campomanesia xantocarpa , and Psidium cattleyanum were conducted from July 2007 to February 2008, in three plants of each species. There to manufacture the curves of the fruits growth based in mass of dry matter, in two weekly ratings. The fl owering of species oc-curred between late August and early November. The Eugenia involucrata is the earliest (cycle of 43 days), with ripening between mid and end of October, while the Psidium cattleyanum presents a reproductive cycle longer (98 days), with maturity during the month of February. There are differences in behavior accumula-tion of mass of dry matter between genotypes of the same species.

Enxertia interespecífica de jabuticabeira: influência do tipo de garfo

This research aimed to evaluate craft success and development of two grafted species of Jabuticaba (Plinia spp.) using different methods of grafting. A Complete randomized experimental design was used with ten replicates, under a factorial scheme of 2x3 (species x diameter of stem cutting), and the experimental unit was composed by one plant. Plinia trunciflora and Plinia cauliflora were the scion species grafted on P. cauliflora by cleft grafting, using herbaceous cuttings (diameters smaller than 3mm), semi-woody cuttings of low caliber (diameter 3-5mm), and semi-woody cuttings of medium caliber (diameter 5-7mm). P. trunciflora presented the higher number of buddings but the length of buddings were 44% lower than P. cauliflora. Budding percentage was not significantly different among studied species. The semi-wood cuttings of low caliber increased significantly the number of buddings and graft success when compared to herbaceous cuttings, not presenting significant difference when compared to semi-woody cuttings of medium caliber herbaceous cuttings.

Modo de reprodução e viabilidade de pólen de três espécies de jabuticabeira

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive mode and the conditions for in vitro pollen viability testing of three jabuticaba tree species (Plinia cauliflora, P. trunciflora and P. jaboticaba). Observed fruit set in bagged and not bagged branches and aspects of floral morphology. Pollen viability was evaluated in culture medium with and without boric acid with pollen collected at different times after anthesis. Pollen germination of six genotypes was quantified before and after storage. P. trunciflora and P. jaboticaba are self-compatible, however the polinizer increase fruiting. The P. cauliflora requires polinizers for fruiting, because it has flowers with greater stigma-anther distance than the other two species, which prevents the passive self-pollination. Boric acid ads in the culture medium improve in vitro germination of jabuticaba tree pollen. The pollen viability is greater six hours after anthesis. It is possible the conservation of pollen for up to 90 days in freezer (-18°C), if it has high initial germination (greater than 80%). These results will help in planning crosses in jabutica tree.Index terms: Plinia sp., pollination, pollen storage, boron.

Proposta de protocolo para extração de DNA de Jabuticabeira

This study aimed to adapt the protocol described by Soto (2001), to test different sources (plant tissue) and to establish conditions for collection and pre-treatment of samples for extracting DNA from jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg, Myrtaceae). For this purpose, developing and expanded leaves, cambium of the stem and leaf stalk were used. The protocol tested can be used for DNA extraction from jabuticaba trees, because it provided DNA isolation of good quality and allowed the amplification of DNA through of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The use of liquid nitrogen for the maceration of leaves is necessary to prevent oxidation.

Germplasm characterization of three jabuticaba tree species

The purpose of this study was to characterize cultivated genotypes of three jabuticaba species (Plinia cauliflora, P. trunciflora, and P. jaboticaba). Phenology and fruit growth, as well as leaf, flower and fruit traits were evaluated. Variability in all traits was observed among genotypes of the three jabuticaba species. The trait peduncle size is indicated for differentiation of the three species under study. The leaf and fruit sizes of the genotypes P. trunciflora 3, P. trunciflora 4, P. trunciflora 5 and P. jaboticaba 1 differ from those described in the literature for these species, indicating the formation of ecotypes. Jabuticaba fruit skin contains high anthocyanin and flavonoid concentrations, with potential use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Produção de mudas de videira cv. Bordô/Paulsen 1103 pela enxertia de mesa com estratificação

O emprego de praticas adequadas na implantacao do vinhedo, principalmente o uso de mudas enxertadas com boa sanidade, e fator essencial para o sucesso da viticultura no Brasil e, em especial, no Sudoeste do Parana. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar temperatura de estratificacao, tipo e epoca de enxertia para producao de mudas da cultivar Bordo/Paulsen 1103 por enxertia de mesa com estratificacao. Para isso foram implantados tres experimentos. No primeiro e no segundo experimentos, as estacas do porta-enxerto foram tratadas com acido indol-butirico (AIB) antes e apos a estratificacao, respectivamente. Ambos os tratamentos foram realizados em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial de 3 x 2 (temperatura de estratificacao x tipo de enxertia), com quatro repeticoes e dez unidades de observacao (estacas enxertadas). O fator temperatura de estratificacao teve os niveis 19, 24 e 29 °C e o fator tecnica de enxertia foi com garfagem de topo manual e “tipo omega” com auxilio de alicate especial. O terceiro experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (epoca de enxertia x temperatura de estratificacao), com quatro repeticoes e 20 unidades unidades de observacao por parcela. O fator epocas de enxertia foi composto pelos meses de coleta (maio, junho, julho e agosto) e o fator temperatura de estratificacao, em dois niveis (19 e 24 oC). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em condicoes controladas (BODs e em casa de vegetacao). As analises realizadas na saida da estratificacao (21 dias apos a realizacao da enxertia) foram a percentagem de formacao de calo na regiao da enxertia e a brotacao dos enxertos. Apos a entrada na casa de vegetacao ate aos 70 dias, foi avaliado o desenvolvimento da brotacao, com uso da escala fenologica, e a mortalidade das estacas. Aos 120 dias apos a estratificacao foram avaliados a sobrevivencia final das estacas, o desenvolvimento do sistema radicial (numero de raizes e materia seca da raiz), desenvolvimento da parte aerea (area foliar, comprimento da brotacao e materia seca da brotacao). A enxertia tipo garfagem de topo apresentou melhores resultados que a tipo omega; as temperaturas de 19 e 24 oC facilitam a sobrevivencia do enxerto, sendo as mais indicadas para estratificacao; o mes de julho e o mais recomendado para realizacao da enxertia de mesa com estratificacao.

Construção e avaliação de um protótipo de máquina coletora de anteras

An anther collector prototype machine was projected and built. Its performance was evaluated by comparisons between the use of the prototype and the traditional manual method, both for showy and non-showy peach-tree flowers (Prunus persica). The study was accomplished in August 2011 using a completely randomized experimental design, arranged in a bi-factorial scheme (2 collection methods x 2 flower forms), with 12 repetitions, each consisted by 30 flowers. The prototype proved to be faster in the anther extraction time without losses in the pollen quality, even harvesting anthers with higher fillet amounts and discarding a higher quantity of anthers than the manual method.