Mohamad Shanudin Zakaria

Handwritten Cursive Jawi Character Recognition: A Survey

The subject of cursive handwritten character recognition is still open to be studied because of its complex nature. Recognition of Arabic handwritten and its variants such as Farsi (Persian) and Urdu had been receiving considerable attention in recent years. Numerous methods for recognizing Arabic characters have been proposed and applied to various types of images. These research highlights have not yet been given to another variant of Arabic which is the Jawi script. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing works in handwritten Jawi character recognition. It includes the history and writing of Jawi, and challenges, current works, and future direction of Jawi character recognition system.

Jawi-Malay transliteration

Jawi-Malay transliteration at basis was introduced to get information from old manuscripts that contain important information in various spheres of knowledge. The weakness in reading and understanding from Jawi source rise when new generation less in use Jawi as medium in their daily activities such as spreading and retrieval information. Using the earlier literature reviews, approaches, framework and evaluation result as guideline, we proposed some main method such as character categorise, stemming process, Unicode Mapping, Jawi-Malay Rules and Voice synthesizer. The integration of the above methods will help to quick in transliteration process and well in output. By the way, this transliteration design also have their weakness because not all word can be accurate in transliterate. For the beyond researcher, suggested to improve the rules and develop synthesizer by our own slang.

A generic framework for developing map-based mobile application

The development of Location Based Services (LBS) applications specifically on mobile devices requires research into various fields of studies which include cartography, map visualization techniques, mobile graphic engine and wireless network support. Mobile devices however pose limitations such as small screen size, low resolution, limited memory and processing power for map display and navigation. In this study, a generic framework which serves as a guide for developing map-based mobile applications has been proposed. It takes into consideration the constraints of mobile devices and discusses methods to overcome the problems which include visualization techniques, Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) and TinyLine SVG, mobile cartography concepts. A prototype application for finding point of interest in a university campus was developed using the framework as a guide. This application is intended for use on mobile devices equipped with Java and Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) supports. Generalisation technique has been adapted in map display to avoid cluttering, while the concept of mobile cartography such as colour, symbol, and context was applied in map generation. This study explores the potential of SVG and TinyLine SVG for image display in mobile devices. The application prototype was developed using Java 2 Mobile Edition (J2ME) package, TinyLine SVG software development kit, Servlet technology and MySQL database management system.

An extension to mobile IPv6 micro-mobility management

A Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) supports mobility and takes advantage of the new design in IPv6 by allowing a mobile node move to another location without changing the mobile nodes “home address”. A Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) was designed to enhanced mobility problem in MIPv6. The key concept behind HMIPv6 is to locally handle handovers by the usage of an entity called Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) located at any level in a hierarchical network of routers to support micro-mobility management. The major issue on HMIPv6 is to design the MAP selection scheme that can reduce frequent Binding Update process and improve handover performance. This paper discussed and reviewed the extension of HMIPv6 in term of Local Binding Update, MAP Discovery and MAP selection scheme.

B2B E-commerce: Frameworks for e-readiness assessment

This paper looks into the development of e- readiness model for B2B e-commerce of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on existing research on e-readiness models of ICT (information, Communications Technology) specifically B2B e-commerce technologies, this paper formulates a conceptual framework of B2B e-commerce assessment constructs together with the specific research approach towards the development of a more robust e-readiness model. The research presents a conceptual model and framework that highlight the key factors in B2B e-commerce implementation, index score formulations, focus group evaluations and the recommendation approaches to improve B2B e-commerce readiness.

Invariant Features from the Trace Transform for Jawi Character Recognition

The Trace transform, a generalization of the Radon transform, allows one to construct image features that are invariant to a chosen group of image transformations. It consists of tracing an image with straight lines along which certain functionals of the image function are calculated. It can be useful to construct invariant features to rotation, translation and scaling of the image. In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of the features in classification of Jawi character images using multilayer perceptron neural networks. We compare the result of character recognition with those obtained by using features based on affine moment invariants.

Knowledge retention in knowledge management system: Review

Knowledge retention is a topic that comes up in many discussions of knowledge management. The primary concern is how to tap the brains of employees who are retiring, moving on to new jobs or otherwise leaving the company. Of course, there is no one way to create good knowledge retention. This necessitates different approaches for knowledge sharing or knowledge retention. Loss of critical knowledge has been recognized as one of the central problems in an organization like banking sector. In addition, the events like 9 / 11, where the whole teams or departments with their valuable knowledge were destroyed, make organizations more sensitive of the problem of knowledge loss. Knowledge retention activities and policies need to be institutionalized throughout the organization so that proper transitioning can occur when people leave the organization. Banks have to develop a simple process to capture the undocumented knowledge of employees nearing retirement andt also for the new employees from the beginning stages.

Branch and bound algorithm in optimizing job shop scheduling problems

One primary objective in solving the job shop scheduling problems is to minimize the makespan, which is a particularly hard combinatorial optimization problem. The problem has been known for years and a vast majority of researches had been focused to solve the problem using a variety of optimization methods such as the branch and bound (B&B). However, the B&B method is considered as only suitable for small and medium size problems due its prohibitive computational time. In this paper, we implement the B&B method using the disjunctive programming approach to obtain optimal solutions for job shop scheduling problem. The B&B program developed is tested on a set of benchmark data and the results obtain are compared to best known from the previous work. Based on the comparison, we conclude that the branch and bound algorithm is considerable as a solution tool for small, medium, as well as large job shop problems.

Dynamic load control mechanism in hierarchical MIPv6

Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) introduced by IETF to enhance mobility problem in the next generation Internet Protocol (IPv6). The key concept behind HMIPv6 is the usage of Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) located at any level in a hierarchical network to support micro-mobility management and seamless handover. Therefore the furthest MAP selection in HMIPv6 can be a MAP overload and increases frequent Binding Update problem as the network extends. The major issue on HMIPv6 is to design the MAP selection scheme that can reduce MAP load without affecting the network performance. To solve this issue, we proposed and discussed a dynamic load control mechanism that combines with the distance MAP selection scheme. From the experimental results we obtain that the proposed scheme gives better distribution in MAP load and improves handover speed.

Segmentation of Arabic Characters: A Comprehensive Survey

The cursive nature of Arabic writing is the main challenge to Arabic Optical Character Recognition developer. Methods to segment Arabic words into characters have been proposed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the methods proposed by researchers to segment Arabic characters. The segmentation methods are categorized into nine different methods based on techniques used. The advantages and drawbacks of each are presented and discussed. Most researchers did not report the segmentation accuracy in their research; instead, they reported the overall recognition rate which did not reflect the influence of each sub-stage on the final recognition rate. The size of the training/testing data was not large enough to be generalized. The field of Arabic Character Recognition needs a standard set of test documents in both image and character formats, together with the ground truth and a set of performance evaluation tools, which would enable comparing the performance of different algorithms. As each method has its strengths, a hybrid segmentation approach is a promising method. The paper concludes that there is still no perfect segmentation method for ACR and much opportunity for research in this area.