Mohammad Salim Hossain

Aspect of Thrombolytic Therapy: A Review

Thrombolytic therapy, also known as clot busting drug, is a breakthrough treatment which has saved untold lives. It has been used in the clinical area to treat venous and arterial thromboembolic complaints which are a foremost cause of death. In 1761, Morgagni lead the way of thrombolytic therapy. Now days different types of thrombolytic drugs are currently available in market: alteplase, anistreplase, urokinase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, and so forth. Thrombolytic therapy should be given with maintaining proper care in order to minimize the risk of clinically important bleeding as well as enhance the chances of successfully thrombolysis of clot. These cares include preinfusion care, during the infusion care, and postinfusion care. Besides proper knowledge of contraindication, evolutionary factor, and combination of drug is essential for successful thrombolytic therapy. In these review we discussed about these aspect of thrombolytic therapy.

Prostaglandin J2 series induces the gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes.

Prostaglandin (PG) J(2) series including Δ(12)-PGJ(2) and 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is the dehydration products of PGD(2) that are biosynthesized through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. These prostanoids are active ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis in adipocytes. Here we investigated whether PGJ(2) derivatives can modulate the gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, during the maturation phase of adipocytes. Each of selective or nonselective inhibitors for COX isoforms suppressed significantly the accumulation of fats by interfering the induced expression of the PPARγ gene. Immunological assays of PGJ(2) series revealed higher production of Δ(12)-PGJ(2) than 15d-PGJ(2) by cultured adipocytes, implicating the contribution of endogenous PGJ(2) series to the stimulated adipogenesis. In addition, the increased transcription of MCP-1 was detectable at later maturation phase of adipogenesis, which was prevented by co-incubation with aspirin. Although 15d-PGJ(2) was more potent than Δ(12)-PGJ(2), both PGJ(2) derivatives series had similar effects to rescue dose-dependently the expression of the MCP-1 gene attenuated by aspirin. These findings suggest that the expression of MCP-1 involved in adipocyte inflammation could be positively regulated by the PGJ(2) series during adipogenesis in adipose tissue.

Determination of the presence and pharmacokinetic profile of ciprofloxacin by TLC and HPLC method respectively in broiler chicken after single oral administration.

The objective of this study was to determine the presence of ciprofloxacin and pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in blood plasma of broiler chicken after single oral administration at feeding state. Ciprofloxacin was administered orally at 10 mg kg−1 to each of the 10 broiler chickens at feeding state. Presence of ciprofloxacin was determined by TLC method and pharmacokinetics by HPLC method. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of ciprofloxacin, 0.26±0.03 mg l−1 was achieved at 4.40±0.1 h (Tmax). Biological half-life of ciprofloxacin was 5.25±0.02 h. Area under the curve (AUC) was 13.397±0.13 mg ml−1 h, elimination rate constant was 0.13±0.02 h−1, volume of distribution was 0.194±0.04 l kg−1 and bioavailability was 49±0.48%. On the basis of the results of the present study, we conclude that, feeding state may have a vital effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of ciprofloxacin in broiler blood plasma.

Development and evaluation of sustained release losartan potassium matrix tablet using kollidon SR as release retardant

O presente estudo foi realizado para desenvolver (SR) matriz de comprimidos de liberacao sustentada de losartana, um antagonista da angiotensina II, para o tratamento da hipertensao arterial. Os comprimidos foram preparados pelo metodo de compressao direta com Kollidon SR como polimero de liberacao lenta. A quantidade de losartana potassica permanece fixa (100 mg) para todas as tres formulacoes enquanto que as quantidades de Kollidon SR foram de 250 mg, 225 mg e 200 mg para F-1, F-2 e F-3, respectivamente. A avaliacao envolve tres etapas- propriedades micromeriticas dos grânulos, estudo das propriedades fisicas dos comprimidos e estudos de cinetica de liberacao in vitro.. Selecionoou-se o aparelho USP tipo II para realizar o teste de dissolucao em meio com 900 mL de tampao fosfato pH 6,8 . O teste foi realizado em 75 rpm e a temperatura foi mantida a 37 oC ± 0.5 oC. Analisou-se a cinetica de liberacao utilizando-se varios modelos cineticos. Conteudo mais alto de polimero na matriz reduziu a taxa de liberacao do farmaco. Em niveis mais baixos de polimero, a taxa e a extensao de liberacao do farmaco foram aumentados. Todas as formulacoes seguiram a cinetica de liberacao de Higuchi, em que os valores do coeficiente de regressao (R2) foram 0,958 , 0,944 e 0,920 para F-1, F-2 e F-3, respectivamente, e elas apresentaram liberacao do farmaco dominada pela difusao. Encontraram-se diferencas estatisticamente significativas (P<0,05) entre os perfis de liberacao do farmaco com diferentes niveis de matrizes polimericas. O mecanismo de liberacao mudou de nao-fickiano(n=0,489 para F-1) para fickiano(n=0,439 e 0,429 para F-2 e F-3, respectivamente) em funcao da diminuicao da concentracao de polimero. Os valores do Tempo de Dissolucao Media (TDM) aumentaram com o aumento da concentracao polimero.

The Prevalence of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in the Children of Noakhali City in Bangladesh

The prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide has increased significantly during the past two to three decades in developed countries. Obesity is now becoming widely common in developing countries as well, especially in urban areas (Wang & Lobstein, 2006). Childhood obesity is a burning topic worldwide because of its strong association with a variety of serious health problems, emerging in childhood and adulthood obesity. Their leads to various problems include psychosocial problems such as social discrimination and reduced selfAbstract

Safety Evaluation of Chocolate Brown Dye in Swiss albino Mice

Objective: Chocolate Brown is a brown synthetic diazo dye which is mainly used in chocolate cakes and also in other food products. The present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of chocolate brown dye considering the biochemical and pathological parameters of Swiss albino mice. Methods: The experimental animals were subdivided into 3 groups such as control, group 1 (received chocolate brown dye at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight) and group 2 (received chocolate brown dye at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight) containing 5 mice in each of the groups. Different group of mice were fed with normal diet for 25 days and their body weight was taken every day. At 26th day their blood serum and some organ was collected for conducting biochemical and pathological analysis. Results: During this study a remarkable increase in body weight was noticed in case of group 2 when compared to the control group. But surprisingly group 1 showed less increase in body weight than control group. This study showed that the weight of liver, heart and kidney was increased in case of group 2. While group 1 showed increased in heart weight but its kidney and liver weight was actually lower in comparison to the control group. Furthermore we have also found a significant raise in blood bilirubin level when dose increased from 200 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg. All the tests showed that chocolate brown dye is more poisonous at higher dose compared to lower one. Conclusion: Considering the inferential data on the physiological and biochemical parameters of mice the study recommends the withdrawal of the chocolate brown dye from the local market. People should be more concern about the hazardous effects of chocolate brown dye.

Methanol extract of Solanum violaceum root possesess antiobesity, hypolipidemic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activity

http://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.47 Marmara Pharm J 2018;22(1): 96-102 Corresponding Author: Mohammad Salim Hossain E-mail: Email: pharmasalim@yahoo.com Phone: +8801711200410 ORCID No: 0000-0002-5710-1115 Received: 14.05.2017 / Accepted: 03.10.2017 ABSTRACT: Roots of Solanum violaceum (S. violaceum) is used traditionally in different therapeutic applications in Bangladesh. Root extract of S. violaceum was investigated for total phenolic content (TPC), antiobesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, membrane stability and thrombolytic activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using folin-ciocalteu method. High fat diet induced obese mice were used for anti obesity and antihyperlipidemic test. Body weight gain, blood total cholesterol, triglyceride level were analyzed. Thrombolytic and membrane stability activity were evaluated by using human erythrocytes. Total phenolic content in root extract of S. violaceum was calculated as 51.26 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g of dry weight. The extractive supplementation with dose of 200mg/ kg and 400mg/kg were capable of lowering the level of triglyceride and total cholesterol significantly (p<0.05) in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice in a dose dependent manner. As a membrane stabilizing agent, crude extract was able to inhibit the erythrocyte heamolysis significantly (p< 0.05) with a value of 28.02±5.09% and 32.97± 4.12% respectively for heat and hypotonic solution induced condition. Moreover, 21.56 ±2.62 % of clot lysis was exhibited by the extract for its thrombolytic activity. The root of S. violaceum justifies its potential as anti obese agent. Further research is recommended to find out the active metabolites from this source.

Swelling and mucoadhesive behavior with drug release characteristics of gastoretentive drug delivery system based on a combination of natural gum and semi-synthetic polymers

Using ramipril as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient, the focus of the present study was to fabricate low-cost controlled release tablets using combinations of biopolymer and semi-synthetic polymers. Cellulose derivatives are more viscous where biopolymers form gels more easily. Xanthan gum can’t shape a solid gel, result in fragmentation of gel around the tablets so that depend upon high concentration. Therefore, a combination was used to formulate tablet by direct compression. This combination of polymer provides low cost product with higher potentiality. Ingredients as per formulations were mixed in small polybag through hand blending. Then tablets were compressed one by one tablet in a hydraulic press. Prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, content uniformity, friability, surface pH and in-vitro dissolution studies. ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between release data. Swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro residence time was studied to show gastroretention of the tablets. Formulated products exhibit sufficient quality and strength to formulate as a mucoadhesive tablet. Significant differences were found in drug release among different formulations (p ˂0.05) in all cases. Among all of formulations, F11, F12 and F13 containing different ratio of xanthan gum and guar gum showed promising mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro residence time.

Analysis of serum electrolyte and lipid profile in young Bangladeshi female with Type II Diabetes

Abstract Objective: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most serious and common public health problems and metabolic disorder in both developed and developing countries. Diabetic patient may suffer from imbalanced electrolyte and lipid profile due to complications of diabetes mellitus and the medication they receive. Electrolytes and lipids have noteworthy roles, and changes in their concentrations provide significant signs of disease progression in a number of non-communicable diseases like diabetes. As there is a very few study of electrolyte and lipid profile in young Bangladeshi female diabetic patients, we investigated to identify the status of serum electrolytes and lipid profile with fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic female subjects with age ranging from 20 to 30. Subjects: Thirty-five female type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 15 non-diabetic healthy control female volunteers of 20–30 age were recruited to determine serum glucose, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl−, and HCO3−), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL). Result: The mean levels of electrolytes except K+ and lipid profile except HDL were found significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison with control group. While, there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the serum levels of K + and HDL in all diabetics. Conclusion: These results presented some variations from other research having different age and sex. Therefore, it can be concluded that there might have an effect of age and sex differences on lipid and electrolyte profile. This abnormal biochemical profile could be a noteworthy sign of diabetes associated disease and may have great potential as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice.

Susceptibility of microorganism to selected medicinal plants in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze in-vitro antimicrobial activities of some ethno-pharmacologically significant medicinal plants (methanol extract) against the pathogenic microorganisms ( Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. , Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans ). Methods The disc diffusion method was applied for antibacterial test and the poisoned food technique was applied for antifungal test. Results The methanol extract of Terminalia chebula (bark), Phyllanthus acidus (fruits), Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (leaves) and Abelmoschus esculentus (fruits) had significant in vitro antibacterial activity angainst the entire test samples in comparison to standard drug ciprofloxacin. Most of the plant extracts showed low activity against Gram negative bacteria while potential activity against Gram positive bacteria. The antifungal activities of methanol extracts of these plants and standard drug griseofulvin were determined against two pathogenic fungi, and Polygonum lapathifolium (leaves) and Cinnamomum tamala (leaves) showed maximum activity, while Erioglossum rubiginosum (leaves) showed no antifungal activity. Conclusions Further chemical and pharmacological investigations are required to identify and isolate chemical constituents responsible for these potential bioactivities and thus to determine their full spectrum of efficacy.