Mohammad Suliman

School Nurses' Role in Helping Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifaceted disease characterized by core symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, affecting children across every socioeconomic and ethnic group. An estimated 40% to 60% of children with ADHD have comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and learning disabilities. School nurses must be an integral part of the process of increasing awareness about ADHD through improving the service delivery model for affected children and their families. There is a solid foundation of research on which they can build to improve the benefits through study, workshops, community programs, and national screening programs.

Predictors of Positive Outcomes in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Aims: The study aims were to (1) determine the effect of participation in pulmonary rehabilitation on quality of life, severity of dyspnea, and exercise tolerance (2) evaluate predictors (number of pulmonary rehabilitation sessions attended, age, baseline quality of life, depression, and body mass index)of improvement in severity of dyspnea, exercise tolerance, and quality of life (3) to test if the amount of change in exercise tolerance and change in severity of dyspnea from the baseline to the end of pulmonary rehabilitation modifies the effect of the baselines variables on the change in quality of life from baseline to the end of rehabilitation. Study Design: A descriptive retrospective design was used. Methodology: We performed secondary analysis of records of 125 patients in the pulmonary rehabilitation registry in the University Hospitals of Cleveland / OH. The sample included all patients who completed six pulmonary rehabilitation sessions at least. Results: Pulmonary rehabilitation improved quality of life, alleviate severity of dyspnea and enhance exercise tolerance. Greater baseline body mass index was the only significant predictor Original Research Article Aloush et al.; BJMMR, 18(3): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMMR.28901 2 for the improvement in exercise tolerance (unstandarized β coefficient= 1.5, P= 0.02). None of the baseline variables predicted the change in severity of dyspnea. Better baseline quality of life was the only significant predictor for the improvement in quality of life (unstandarized β coefficient= 0.3, P=0.03). Changes in severity of dyspnea and change in exercise tolerance did not modify the effect of the baseline variables on the change in quality of life from baseline to the end of rehabilitation. Conclusion: Positive rehabilitation outcomes are predicted by better baseline quality of life and higher body mass index. More research is needed to identify additional interventions to implement during rehabilitation to achieve positive outcomes in participants who have lower BMI and lower baseline quality of life.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for undergraduates from nonmedical majors: Effectiveness of the three tiers model: ALOUSH et al.

BACKGROUND Integrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in undergraduate education would help to increase the rate of bystander CPR. However, few qualified trainers are available for this purpose. Training student nurses to become CPR trainers on campus could reduce this shortage. PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to assess CPR skills of students from nonmedical majors and to examine the effectiveness of the three tiers model for CPR training. SETTINGS One public university in Jordan. PARTICIPANTS Student nurses and undergraduates from nonmedical majors. METHOD Five student nurses attended CPR training courses based on the American Heart Association CPR guidelines. The trainees provided the same CPR training to a sample of 197 undergraduates from nonmedical majors. The participants were asked to imagine a real-life scenario of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to perform CPR on a manikin. Assessment of skills was made before and after training, using a structured observational checklist. RESULTS In the pretest, participants showed poor CPR skills with a pass rate of only 4%. In the posttest, participants demonstrated significant improvement: t(196) = 26.78, P = 0.00. CONCLUSION The three tiers model for CPR training would be an effective strategy to compensate for the shortage in the number of certified CPR trainers.

Effectiveness of Basic Life Support Training for Middle School Students

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a basic life support (BLS) educational course given to 110 middle school children, using a pretest posttest design. In the pretest, students were asked to demonstrate BLS on a manikin to simulate a real-life scenario. After the pretest, a BLS training course of two sessions was provided, followed by posttest on the same manikin. Students were assessed using an observational sheet based on the American Heart Association’s BLS guidelines. In the pretest, students showed significant weakness in the majority of guidelines. In the posttest, they demonstrated significant improvement in their BLS skills. BLS training in the middle school was effective, considering the lack of previous skills. It is recommended that BLS education be compulsory in the school setting.

Assessment of Headache Among High School Students in Jordan

Headache is considered one of the most common complaints affecting all ages: children, adolescents, and adults. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess primary headache among high school students aged 16–18 in Grades 11–12, over a period of 3 weeks (May 2017). A questionnaire was designed, in accordance with the International Headache Society’s criteria. The Pearson’s χ2 test was computed to show the differences between the variables. Nearly two thirds of the students reported having headache (19.0% tension-type headache, 8.8% migraine, and 39.0% unknown type). Nearly a quarter sought help for headache, and the most frequently used analgesic was acetaminophen (82.2%) followed by aspirin (5.1%). The current study revealed that the prevalence of headache and migraine was initially high and increased with age. Moreover, headache is one of the major public health problems among high school students. An education program conducted by school nurses and other health-care providers regarding headache and migraine is needed.