Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi

Analysis the Impact of Bridges Existance for the Segamat River Using Infowork RS

Malaysia is experiencing two monsoonal seasons, which have induced heavy rainfall. The increasing of rainfall intensity and longer duration of rainfall has caused a flood. In 2007, Segamat city was hit by the flood due to increasing of rainfall and this has caused a huge damage in term of infrastructure as well as human life. Thus, this study was carried out with the aims to analyze the flood and develop a flood map for the Segamat River. The hydrological data, such as rainfall and streamflow data were retrieved from the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID). While, for map preparation such as base map, landuse map and river map were delineated based on the topography map. Additionally, contour map was obtained from MACGDI. InfoWork River Simulation (RS) software was used for analysis and develops the flood map. Moreover, two scenarios were carried out to determine the effect of hydraulic structure presence in the waterway. The first scenario is the flood map without a bridge, while the second scenario is the flood map with a bridge. Based on the results, it clearly shows that the flood map with a bridge has higher flow, velocity and water table compared to the flood map without a bridge. In addition, a flood-prone area based on the developed map was identified. Thus, the generated flood map could serve important information to related agency in proposing a suitable design the mitigation works for this area.

Variations of Roughness Coefficients with Flow Depth of Grassed Swale

Grassed swales are the best management practice (BMP), which has been widely used to reduce the peak flow, reduce water pollution through vegetated filtration, and improve the groundwater recharge. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) is using the approach of grassed swales recommended by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID) for reducing the risk of flooding and controlling the water pollution. This paper investigates the variations of roughness coefficients with the flow depth of grassed swales in the campus of UTHM. Fieldwork was carried out on the grassed swale to collect the hydraulic data, which including the levelling work, measuring the flow depth and flow velocity of the swale. The flow depth of swale was taken at three points divided along the width of swale and the flow velocity is captured three times at each of the point. The variations of roughness coefficients of grassed swales are presented in Mannings equation, and the results reveal that the n value increases with the increasing of flow depth. Mannings coefficient value found in this study is in the range of 0.110 to 0.756, which are higher than the value proposed by the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA). The relationships of flow depth and velocity at each section of the swale are portrayed in graphs, which show that the velocity increases with the decreasing of flow depth. The outcomes of this study can be concluded that the variation of Mannings coefficient value is influenced by the swale profile, flow depth, flow velocity, and as well as the vegetation used in the grassed swale concerned.

Monitoring of Electric Current During Electrokinetic Stabilisation Test for Soft Clay using EKG Electrode

Electrokinetic Stabilisation (EKS) method has the potential to overcome problems on highly compressible clay. This study presents the monitoring results from an experimental study of EKS on soft clay soil. Inactive kaolinite clay, inert electrode and distilled water (DW) were used as a pure system mechanism before any chemical stabilisers are utilised for stabilisation. Therefore, this monitoring data will provide a baseline study to improve efficiency of the EKS approach for ground improvement application. An inert electrode of Electrokinetic Geosythentic (EKG) developed at the Newcastle University was utilised to apply a constant voltage gradient of 50 V/m across a soil sample of 400 mm length. The distilled waters were used at the pore electrolyte fluid compartments and supplied under zero hydraulic gradient conditions for periods of 3, 7 and 14 days. Throughout, monitoring data of electric current for all treatments were measured. Results showed that the electric current trend in this pure system was attributed to the electrochemical effects in the clay-water electrolyte system.

Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds from Contaminated Water and Wastewater Using Biochar as Low-Cost Adsorbents, An Overview

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have received high attention during the last few years due to their ability to persist for long time in the environment as well as their role in increasing the antimicrobial resistance among the floral bacteria in the nature. Many of the technologies have been investigated and applied to remove those compounds from the contaminated water and wastewater. The most common technology depends on the oxidation process which leads to degrade these compounds to be in inactive form. However, the oxidation process has some challenges which lie in the presence of secondary products and toxic by-products. The adsorption process is the best alternative technology where no energy is required and no toxic by-products are generated, and the process leads to separate the pollutants from the water and wastewater. In this chapter, the adsorption of PhACs by low-cost materials such as biochar and microorganisms is discussed.

Efficiency of activated carbon from palm kernel shell for treatment of greywater

Abstract The potential of activated carbon from palm kernel shell (PKS-AC) to improve the quality of surface water and greywater based on the measurements of the parameters pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved oxygen (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) was investigated in the present study. The PKS was acid treated with aqueous H3PO4 (1 N) for overnight at room temperature and then subjected to heat treatment at 550 °C for 2 h. The efficiency of the PSK-AC samples of 30 and 40 mm thicknesses was examined for reduction of the above parameters in surface water and greywater samples for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min of the filtration process. The efficiency of COD reduction by 50 and 56.44%, that of TDS by 57.81% and 22%, and that of TSS by 83.11 and 42.11% were detected using the PSK-AC samples above, respectively. The OH group contributed most to the removal of pollutants among the OH, N–H, C=O, C=C, C–O–C, C–O–H main functional groups pointed out via Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis on the surface. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the surface of the raw PSK-AC appeared smooth with holes on the external surface, while the grains were filled in the PSK-AC after the adsorption process.

THE STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS AND FLOW CHARACTERISTIC OF GRASSED SWALE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN UTHM

The drainage system is an infrastructure that requires systematic planning of construction which can function properly to reduce the risk of flooding. Flooding occurs due to the rapid development resulting in lack of permeable surfaces. This will lead to increase the surface runoff, where the flow velocity and flow discharge also will be increased. Therefore, grassed swale is one of the sustainable drainage systems that can be applied to solve this problem. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the grassed swale drainage system at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), to determine the hydraulic characteristics and the effectiveness of vegetation used in the swale drainage system. Through this approach, the solution of past studies, related journals, and Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) [1] are used as a reference for this study. Data collection was conducted on grassed swale with total length 60 meters. To obtain an accurate data, measurements of flow velocity have been taken three times, and for three days after raining. Data was observed by 81 times and analyzed using the Manning’s equation. Manning’s equation was adopted to determine the value of hydraulic coefficients for the grass swale channel. The results obtained, demonstrates that the value of Manning’s n for all sections is stated in a range of 0.015 to 0.030. The results also showed a difference in the size of the design, the flow velocity, the water depth, and the flow discharge of the grassed swale drainage system.