Mohd Anuar Ramli

Istihlak in the Application of Catgut Surgical Sutures in Malaysia

Surgical sutures constitute the largest group among all medical devices applied as implants in the human body with a huge market share exceeding USD1.3 billion annually. Catgut suture is the most widely used material in wound closure and has been in use for many centuries in a surgical procedure. Catgut, made from twisted intestines of herbivorous animals, is still used in modern surgery. Collagen consists of tertiary, secondary, and primary structures. The composition of collagen encompasses all 20 amino acids. We believe that the term of Istihlak, alongside the term of Istihalah, will bring forward a new point of view with regard to determination and evaluation of halal catgut sutures, especially in terms of collagen used in suture. In the discussion of fiqh perspective, there are several legal mechanisms to determine the use of catgut suture in the medical field. There are instruments that can be used as a support to identify the proper determination of law, for example Istihalah, Istihlak, Inqilab, Intiqal, and Tab‘iyyat. For the purpose of this research, authors are focusing on the application of Istihlak.

From Farm to Hospital Bedside: Recommendations for Halal Medical Device Development

Halal awareness is not only focused on the food industry but is also present in the cosmetics industry, consumables and pharmaceuticals. In 2013, there was a demand for halal certification from the medical device industry that covers a wide range of medical equipment available at the hospital from a simple tool such as plaster to a complex tool such as CT scanners machine. Halal label on medical device products is not only seen as an added value to the product but is also a requirement to market the products in Islamic countries. However, without the existence of halal standards and guidelines that are specific to medical device products, it is impossible to implement halal certification for medical devices. Therefore, this study aims to identify halal critical points in the medical device supply chain, hence suggesting a number of components for the development of halal medical device guideline. To achieve these objectives, this study used the method of data collection through library research and field study involving in-depth interviews. These guidelines combine elements of halal and safety. Results of the study found that there are several components such as sources, processes, reactions and also the effects of the use of a device which can be taken into considerations in the development of halal medical devices guidelines.

Consideration of ‘Umūm Al-Balwā Method in Food Contamination from Halalan Toyyiban Perspectivūe

Conventionally, there are three types of food contaminations, which are biological, chemical and physical. In halal food production, violation of the halal requirement within the food supply chain can also be considered as contamination—halal contamination. When najs (impurity) or haram (prohibited) substance enters to the food product, the food is said to be halal contaminated, hence effecting its halal status. In Malaysia, cases of halal contamination in food product are nothing new. Many incidents have been reported such as the contamination of porcine DNA in salted butter, confectionery products, etc. However, the contamination can occur via cross-contamination, which is unintentional and difficult to avoid. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the concept of umum al-balwa (widespread hardship) in food contamination perspective. Furthermore, this study will analyze the role of umum al-balwa for halal determination in the case of contaminated food. For this study, the data obtained primarily from classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence literature. This study found that the concept of umum al-balwa have an impact in determining the halal status of contaminated food. Therefore, it can be developed to be used as an alternative method in tackling halal food issues.

The Concept of `Umūm al-Balwā in the Shade of Taṣawwuf: Wisdom Between Concession (Rukhsah) and Being Abstinence (Wara‘)

The teaching of Islam covers all aspects of a Muslim’s life. For Muslim, adherence towards Allah’s commandment is virtue. However, when it comes to difficult condition, Islam paved the way for easiness towards its adherents as the basic principle of divine revelation is meant to be no burden (raf‘ al-haraj). It is granted by Allah SWT, to provide easiness and concession when there are hardship and difficulty arise by a mukallaf in performing their devotion. One of the difficult condition in which mankind given exception is known as ‘umūm al-balwā (widespread hardship). This study is being carried out to view the concept of ‘umūm al-balwā within the taṣawwuf perspective in order to uncover the wisdom underlining them. To relate with taṣawwuf, ‘umūm al-balwā will be observed and compared with the concept of concession (rukhṣah) in fiqh and abstinence (wara‘) in taṣawwuf perspective. For this study, the issue of ‘umūm al-balwā in term of ḥalālan ṭayyiban food is being studied. This study utilized fully literature and textual analysis to gain the data as well as analysing the data. This study finds that the concept of ‘umūm al-balwā is relatable with taṣawwuf through the concept of warā‘. By understanding this relationship, it became a precious reflection for Muslim to practice their obedience and religious duties towards Allah

Cultured Meat in Islamic Perspective

Cultured meat is a promising product that is derived through biotechnology that partially circumvents animal physiology, thereby being potentially more sustainable, environmentally friendly and animal friendly than traditional livestock meat. Such a novel technology that can impact many consumers evokes ethical, philosophical and religious discussions. For the Islamic community, the crucial question is whether cultured meat is halal, meaning compliant with Islamic laws. Since the culturing of meat is a new discovery, invention and innovation by scientists that has never been discussed by classical jurists (fuqaha’), an ijtihad by contemporary jurists must look for and provide answers for every technology introduced, whether it comply the requirements of Islamic law or not. So, this article will discuss an Islamic perspective on cultured meat based on the original scripture in the Qur’an and interpretations by authoritative Islamic jurists. The halal status of cultured meat can be resolve through identifying the source cell and culture medium used in culturing the meat. The halal cultured meat can be obtained if the stem cell is extracted from a (Halal) slaughtered animal, and no blood or serum is used in the process. The impact of this innovation will give positive results in the environmental and sustain the livestock industry.

Sinkretisme dalam Adat Masyarakat Bajau di Sabah

The spread of Islam in the Archipelago especially in Sabah has produced two forms of interactions which are Islamization and sincretizing. Islamization process that occured subtly and gradually at that time caused Bajau community easy to accept Islam without being forced. However, there are some practices of Bajau community that closely linked to the animism belief still being practiced to produced a process of syncretism. The objective of this article is to introduce Islamic methods by suggesting guidelines or legislation parameter in interacting with syncretism in traditions of Bajau community in Sabah. In facing syncretism between the traditional practices of Bajau with the teaching of Islam, there are at least three Islamic approaches towards the developed culture among Bajau community which are to accept, modify or reject. Therefore, an appropriate method of Islamic law need to prevail to handle the phenomenon in ensuring the balance between idealism contained in Islamic law with the reality of its implemantation in Bajau community. The study found that there are many symptoms of syncretism occured in tradition and culture of Bajau community which are difficult to know whether it is a genuine Islamic teachings or a relic of pre-Islamic tradition.

Module Development of Halal Consumerism Education in Malaysia: A Proposal

Halal consumer education is growing in Malaysian context. It is driven by greater awareness among the various parties. Various programmes are offered such as awareness courses, professional courses, diploma, and degree. These include the government and private sectors. This study focuses on the proposed development of the halal consumerism education short-term module. It encompasses three levels, i.e. preliminary, intermediate, and advanced. This course is targeted at consumer groups, industry, and the halal authority. Hence, with the offering of halal consumer education programmes, it can contribute to the understanding and awareness of halal to the halal industry players whether consumers, entrepreneurs of halal industry, or the authoritative party.

Understanding the Use of Ruqyah (Healing Method Based on The Quran and Hadith) in the Treatment of Disease: Analysis based on Fiqh al-Hadith Al-Imam Al-Bukhari (Pemahaman Terhadap Aspek Penggunaan Ruqyah Dalam Rawatan Penyakit: Analisis Berasaskan Fiqh al-Hadith Imam Al-Bukhari)

Ruqyah refers to the healing method based on the Quran and hadith through the recitation of the Quran, seeking of refuge, remembrance and supplication that is used as a means of treating sickness and other problems, by reading verses of the Quran, the names and attributes of Allah, or by using the prayers in Arabic or in a language the meaning of which is understood. The use of ruqyah as a method of treatment is popular among the Islamic alternative healing practitioners. This method of ruqyah is based on the recommendations and practices carried out by the Prophet (pbuh) for self-treatment or to help his Sahabah and others. Through analysis of the inductive, deductive and historical approaches, this article aims to explain the views of Imam al-Bukhari in relation to aspects of ruqyah and its use in the treatment of disease by analysing some chapters translated ( tarjamah al-bab ) by Imam al-Bukhari in the Kitab al-Tibb . The results show that the use of ruqyah in the treatment of diseases refers to the discussion of the seven chapters translated ( tarjamah al-bab ) on three main issues: [1] The use of ruqyah from the Quran, [2] Conditions in using a ruqyah , and [3] The types of ruqyah recommended by the Prophet.

Pemindahan Organ Reproduktif daripada Perspektif Fatwa Semasa

Perkembangan teknologi perubatan pada hari ini telah memberikan sinar kepada pelbagai penyakit yang sukar untuk dirawat. Dalam rawatan kesuburan misalnya, teknologi terkini sudah mampu menawarkan pelbagai jenis pembedahan seperti pembedahan organ reproduktif. Penulisan ini akan membincangkan tentang jenis pemindahan organ reproduktif dan hukum-hukumnya dengan melihat kepada fatwa-fatwa yang telah diberikan oleh ulama’ kontemporari dan badan fatwa berautoriti di seluruh dunia. Terdapat dua jenis organ reproduktif, iaitu organ yang memindahkan maklumat genetik seperti testis dan ovari, dan organ yang tidak membawa sebarang maklumat genetik seperti rahim, tiub fallopio, faraj dan zakar. Majoriti ulama’ mengharamkan pemindahan dari jenis pertama kerana ia termasuk di bawah hukum mengubah ciptaan Allah swt yang dilarang olehNya, di samping larangan Nabi saw dari melakukan amalan mengkasi. Manakala pemindahan dari jenis kedua, majoriti mereka mengharuskannya dalam keadaan darurah dengan pengecualian ‘aurat mughallazah, iaitu faraj dan zakar dengan alasan ia tidak melibatkan sebarang pemindahan genetik. Kata kunci: Pembedahan, organ reproduktif, mengubah ciptaan

Konsep Mengubah Ciptaan Allah SWT : Analisis Hukum Pengkulturan Daging

Pada hari ini, pelbagai inovasi baru berkembang selari dengan kemajuan teknologi, sama ada dalam aspek perhubungan, komunikasi, pengangkutan, perubatan dan pemprosesan makanan. Kesannya, pelbagai alat dan produk baru yang dihasilkan. Sebahagian daripadanya telah mengubah tabiat semulajadi sesuatu perkara sebagaimana yang telah diciptakan oleh Allah SWT. Namun, jika dilihat dalam al-Qur’an, Allah SWT telah melarang perbuatan yang mengubah ciptaanNya. Nabi SAW juga telah melarang beberapa perkara kerana ia termasuk dalam kategori mengubah ciptaan Allah SWT. Menurut mufassirin, pengubahan ciptaan ini merangkumi aspek fizikal dan spiritual. Namun, pengubahan yang memberi manfaat dibenarkan oleh syara‘. Muhaddithin dan fuqaqa’ pula membahagikan pengubahan itu kepada dua, pengubahan yang kekal dan tidak kekal. Pengubahan tidak kekal dibenarkan jika mempunyai tujuan yang baik seperti isteri yang memakai inai kerana berhias untuk suami. Namun, jika ia mempunyai tujuan yang tidak baik seperti perempuan yang berhias untuk bukan mahram, maka ia diharamkan. Pengubahan kekal dengan tujuan yang tidak baik seperti memakai tatu adalah diharamkan. Manakala pengubahan kekal untuk tujuan yang baik, ia dibenarkan seperti pemindahan organ atas tujuan rawatan. Dalam bidang pemprosesan makanan, para saintis sudah berjaya menghasilkan daging kultur yang bersifat mesra alam di samping mampu menjimatkan kos dan masa. Daging kultur adalah daging yang dihasilkan secara ex vivo, sama ada di dalam makmal atau reaktor. Ia telah mengubah metode konvensional penghasilan sama sekali. Dari segi hukum penghasilannya secara umum, ia boleh diletakkan dalam ketegori pengubahan kekal yang mempunyai tujuan yang baik. Namun, hukumnya masih bergantung kepada implikasi. Jika implikasinya positif, maka hukumnya harus. Jika sebaliknya, hukumnya haram kerana ia memudaratkan manusia. Kata Kunci: Pengubahan, pengubahan kekal, pengubahan tidak kekal, pengkulturan daging