Mohd. Badruddin Mohd. Yusof

Physico-chemical properties of palm oil fuel ash as composite sorbent in kaolin clay landfill liner system

This paper presents the physico-chemical properties of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) a biomass residue, while justifying its use as composite sorbent when admixed with kaolin clay, for the purpose of designing composite sanitary landfill liner. Laboratory analysis conducted centered on properties of sundried raw POFA passing through 150µ, 75µ, 38µ test sieves, and of the fine ground ash to 27µ , after mechanical homogenization of retained ashes. Physical analysis conducted includes particle size distribution and density tests for blended ash. Chemical tests include Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), for elemental compositions, with particular interest in exchangeable metal cations and background concentration of selected toxic heavy metals. Tests also include X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), for bulk chemical components, specific surface area(SSA), from Particle size analyzer (PSA), scanned electron microscope(SEM), for morphological structure of retained and ground ash samples, mass loss on ignition (LOI), at 440 ± 25 °C, for a period of 4 h. Primary factors affecting variable charge ions at edges of kaolin clay is pH, thus, was also determined as hydrogen ion concentration in POFA-aqueous environment. Material sourcing and pretreatment technology were reported. Silica oxide (SiO2), present in ground ash via XRF was found to be 53.20%, while summation of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 present was 69.80%. Inherited calcium oxide (CaO-lime) was 9.73%. Exchangeable cations present are Na2+, K2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Structural and appearance analysis shows that ground POFA was amorphous. From these properties inferences were drawn on expected chemical reactions from POFA, and when both materials are blended for the design of composite sanitary landfill liner. This novel material is hoped to provide a more efficient trapping mechanism of toxic heavy metals ions in leachate, when compared with single liner material from kaolin clay. Conclusively, POFA a bio-sorbent could be suitably used as composite sorbent for improvement of kaolin clay designed as component of engineered sanitary landfill liner.

Wasted cockle shell (Anadara granosa) as a natural adsorbent for treating polluted river water in the fabricated column model (FCM)

AbstractThe potential use of crushed cockle shells (Anadara granosa) for treating polluted river water in the fabricated column model was investigated along with the determination of the optimum amount of A. granosa used in the fabricated column model based on the results obtained from the series of jar test experiments performed during the study. The result shows that the crushed cockle shell could reduce chemical oxygen demand with the adsorption capacity of 5.3191 mg g−1. Moreover, based on adsorption isotherm, it is shown that the adsorption data best fitted for Freundlich (R2 = 0.9798) when compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.5737). The breakthrough curves plotted based on the data obtained from fabricated column model experiment indicates that the exhaustion time of crushed cockle shell was on the third day. The linearization of breakthrough curves based on Thomas model, Yoon–Nelson model, and Adam–Bohart model, shows that the curves best fitted with Adam–Bohart model, since the value of R2 was hi...

Integrating and Utilizing AHP and GIS for Landfill Site Selection

Landfill site selection is a complex task that needs to be done by decision maker. There are many criteria that need to be considered before choosing the landfill. This includes economic, social, geological and environmental criteria. AHP is a technique for analyzing and supporting decisions in which multiple and competing objectives are involved and multiple alternatives are available. By using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), the process of landfill site selection had become easier. In this method, the problem need to be divided into hierarchy before the pair wise comparison and made it prioritize accordingly. Then, the judgment will be synthesized and finally, the evaluation and consistency of judgment were checked. As a result, lists of criterion were arranged according to its priority, which is more dominant to economic aspect and less dominant to social aspect. This is on account of social matters can be solved alternatively by different systems. This landfill site selection process involved lots of spatial data and strenuous in handling it. Thus, by using GIS, it can give significant helps to solve this issue because of its potential in handling large volume of spatial data that needs to be evaluates and processed. This particular research used Johor Bahru, Johor for case study area.

Compaction parameters of kaolin clay modified with palm oil fuel ash as landfill liner

Soil compaction consists of closely packing of soil particles together by mechanical means, to reduce void ratio and achieve desired densification. This study examines the compaction parameters of kaolin clay pre-admixed with palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a biomass residue, for the purpose of using the composite mixture as earthen sanitary landfill liner. Standard Proctor compaction tests were conducted on four samples of kaolin clay modified with ground POFA at a step dosage of 0, 10, 20 and 30% dry mass of the clay. For ease in identification, each sample was designated as KP00, KP10, KP20 and KP30 respectively; with respect to increase in % POFA dose. In addition to compaction tests, physico-chemical properties of the samples were analyzed. Property analysis include X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Florescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Specific Surface Area (SSA), the use of Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) for fine particle analysis, mass loss on ignition (LOI), and particle density test. Also, hydrogen ion concentrations in soilsolutions were estimated through direct reading of pH values. Chemical analysis show that SiO2 and CaO in each liner sample increases with increase in %POFA dose. In the presence of moisture during mellowing, prior to densification, CaO detected in the POFA may have released Ca2+ for cation exchange reaction at diffused double layers of clay particles; also, crowdingout effect of excess Ca2+ may have occured, and initiation of pozzolanic reaction. In short run reaction, these processes result in particle flocculation and agglomeration; hence, formation of friable particle aggregation. Both phenomena demand more water ingress in soil cavities. Against this background, increase in POFA dosage from 0 to 30% resulted to a corresponding increase in optimum moisture content, estimated at 12.18%. On the same note, 1.80% reduction in maximum dry density was experienced.

Optimization of Lipid Content in Microalgae Biomass Using Diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Varying Nutrient Ration

How to cite :Noor Amirah Abdul Aziz, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Mohanadoss Ponraj, Mohd Badruddin Mohd Yusof, Mohd. Fadhil Md Din. 18 Apr 2017, Optimization of Lipid Content in Microalgae Biomass Using Diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Varying Nutrient Ration from: Sustainable Water Treatment, Innovative Technologies CRC Press Accessed on: 11 Dec 2018 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315116792-3